Lecture 5: Scheduling and Binary Search Treesnode
1. 跑道預留系統( Runway Reservation System)python
Airport with single (very busy) runway.app
「Reservations" for future landings.this
When plane lands, it is removed from set of pending events.spa
Reserve req specify "requested landing time" t.code
Add t to the set if no other landings are scheduled within k minutes either way. Assume that k can vary. ip
- else error, don't scheduleci
Example:rem
飛機預留的降落時間 R = (41, 46,49,56),K = 3.it
Goal: 系統運行在O(lgn)時間內.
Algorithm
Key Lesson: 咱們須要更快的插入方法.
2. 二叉查找樹(Binary Search Trees )
二叉查找樹的每一個節點(node)x都有一個key 爲key(x).除去根(Root)外,都有雙親 p(x),可能還有左孩子left(x)或者(and / or)有右孩子right(x).
對於每一個節點x,它的左子樹上的任意一點都有key(y) ≤key(x); 它的右子樹上的任意一點都有key(y) ≧key(x).
python代碼:
class BSTnode(object): """ Representation of a node in a binary search tree. Has a left child, right child, and key value, and stores its subtree size. """ def __init__(self, parent, t): """Create a new leaf with key t.""" self.key = t self.parent = parent self.left = None self.right = None self.size = 1 def update_stats(self): """Updates this node's size based on its children's sizes.""" self.size = (0 if self.left is None else self.left.size) + (0 if self.right is None else self.right.size) def insert(self, t, NodeType): """Insert key t into the subtree rooted at this node (updating subtree size).""" self.size += 1 if t < self.key: if self.left is None: self.left = NodeType(self, t) return self.left else: return self.left.insert(t, NodeType) else: if self.right is None: self.right = NodeType(self, t) return self.right else: return self.right.insert(t, NodeType) def find(self, t): """Return the node for key t if it is in this tree, or None otherwise.""" if t == self.key: return self elif t < self.key: if self.left is None: return None else: return self.left.find(t) else: if self.right is None: return None else: return self.right.find(t) def rank(self, t): """Return the number of keys <= t in the subtree rooted at this node.""" left_size = 0 if self.left is None else self.left.size if t == self.key: return left_size + 1 elif t < self.key: if self.left is None: return 0 else: return self.left.rank(t) else: if self.right is None: return left_size + 1 else: return self.right.rank(t) + left_size + 1 def minimum(self): """Returns the node with the smallest key in the subtree rooted by this node.""" current = self while current.left is not None: current = current.left return current def successor(self): """Returns the node with the smallest key larger than this node's key, or None if this has the largest key in the tree.""" if self.right is not None: return self.right.minimum() current = self while current.parent is not None and current.parent.right is current: current = current.parent return current.parent def delete(self): """"Delete this node from the tree.""" if self.left is None or self.right is None: if self is self.parent.left: self.parent.left = self.left or self.right if self.parent.left is not None: self.parent.left.parent = self.parent else: self.parent.right = self.left or self.right if self.parent.right is not None: self.parent.right.parent = self.parent current = self.parent while current.key is not None: current.update_stats() current = current.parent return self else: s = self.successor() self.key, s.key = s.key, self.key return s.delete() def check(self, lokey, hikey): """Checks that the subtree rooted at t is a valid BST and all keys are between (lokey, hikey).""" if lokey is not None and self.key <= lokey: raise "BST RI violation" if hikey is not None and self.key >= hikey: raise "BST RI violation" if self.left is not None: if self.left.parent is not self: raise "BST RI violation" self.left.check(lokey, self.key) if self.right is not None: if self.right.parent is not self: raise "BST RI violation" self.right.check(self.key, hikey) if self.size != 1 + (0 if self.left is None else self.left.size) + (0 if self.right is None else self.right.size): raise "BST RI violation" def __repr__(self): return "<BST Node, key:" + str(self.key) + ">" class BST(object): """ Simple binary search tree implementation, augmented with subtree sizes. This BST supports insert, find, and delete-min operations. Each tree contains some (possibly 0) BSTnode objects, representing nodes, and a pointer to the root. """ def __init__(self, NodeType=BSTnode): self.root = None self.NodeType = NodeType self.psroot = self.NodeType(None, None) def reroot(self): self.root = self.psroot.left def insert(self, t): """Insert key t into this BST, modifying it in-place.""" if self.root is None: self.psroot.left = self.NodeType(self.psroot, t) self.reroot() return self.root else: return self.root.insert(t, self.NodeType) def find(self, t): """Return the node for key t if is in the tree, or None otherwise.""" if self.root is None: return None else: return self.root.find(t) def rank(self, t): """The number of keys <= t in the tree.""" if self.root is None: return 0 else: return self.root.rank(t) def delete(self, t): """Delete the node for key t if it is in the tree.""" node = self.find(t) deleted = node.delete() self.reroot() return deleted def check(self): if self.root is not None: self.root.check(None, None) def __str__(self): if self.root is None: return '<empty tree>' def recurse(node): if node is None: return [], 0, 0 label = str(node.key) left_lines, left_pos, left_width = recurse(node.left) right_lines, right_pos, right_width = recurse(node.right) middle = max(right_pos + left_width - left_pos + 1, len(label), 2) pos = left_pos + middle // 2 width = left_pos + middle + right_width - right_pos while len(left_lines) < len(right_lines): left_lines.append(' ' * left_width) while len(right_lines) < len(left_lines): right_lines.append(' ' * right_width) if (middle - len(label)) % 2 == 1 and node.parent is not None and \ node is node.parent.left and len(label) < middle: label += '.' label = label.center(middle, '.') if label[0] == '.': label = ' ' + label[1:] if label[-1] == '.': label = label[:-1] + ' ' lines = [' ' * left_pos + label + ' ' * (right_width - right_pos), ' ' * left_pos + '/' + ' ' * (middle-2) + '\\' + ' ' * (right_width - right_pos)] + \ [left_line + ' ' * (width - left_width - right_width) + right_line for left_line, right_line in zip(left_lines, right_lines)] return lines, pos, width return '\n'.join(recurse(self.root) [0])
咱們解決完全部的問題了嗎?