命令模式,也稱爲動做或者事務模式,不少教材會用飯館來舉例。做爲顧客的咱們是命令的下達者,服務員是這個命令的接收者,菜單是這個實際的命令,而廚師是這個命令的執行者。那麼,這個模式解決了什麼呢?當你要修改菜單的時候,只須要和服務員說就行了,她會轉達給廚師,也就是說,咱們實現了顧客和廚師的解耦。也就是調用者與實現者的解耦。固然,不少設計模式能夠作到這一點,可是命令模式可以作到的是讓一個命令接收者實現多個命令(服務員下單、拿酒水、上菜),或者把一條命令轉達給多個實現者(熱菜廚師、涼菜廚師、主食師傅)。這纔是命令模式真正發揮的地方!!php
GoF定義:將一個請求封裝爲一個對象,從而使你可用不一樣的請求對客戶進行參數化;對請求排隊或記錄請求日誌,以及支持可撤消的操做git
GoF類圖github
代碼實現設計模式
class Invoker {
public $command;
public function __construct($command) {
$this->command = $command;
}
public function exec() {
$this->command->execute();
}
}
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首先咱們定義一個命令的接收者,或者說是命令的請求者更恰當。類圖中的英文定義這個單詞是「祈求者」。也就是由它來發起和操做命令。框架
abstract class Command {
protected $receiver;
public function __construct(Receiver $receiver) {
$this->receiver = $receiver;
}
abstract public function execute();
}
class ConcreteCommand extends Command {
public function execute() {
$this->receiver->action();
}
}
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接下來是命令,也就是咱們的「菜單」。這個命令的做用是爲了定義真正的執行者是誰。this
class Receiver {
public $name;
public function __construct($name) {
$this->name = $name;
}
public function action() {
echo $this->name . '命令執行了!', PHP_EOL;
}
}
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接管者,也就是執行者,真正去執行命令的人。spa
// 準備執行者
$receiverA = new Receiver('A');
// 準備命令
$command = new ConcreteCommand($receiverA);
// 請求者
$invoker = new Invoker($command);
$invoker->exec();
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客戶端的調用,咱們要聯繫好執行者也就是挑有好廚子的飯館(Receiver),而後準備好命令也就是菜單(Command),最後交給服務員(Invoker)。設計
完整代碼:github.com/zhangyue050…日誌
<?php
class Invoker {
private $command = [];
public function setCommand(Command $command) {
$this->command[] = $command;
}
public function exec() {
if(count($this->command) > 0){
foreach ($this->command as $command) {
$command->execute();
}
}
}
public function undo() {
if(count($this->command) > 0){
foreach ($this->command as $command) {
$command->undo();
}
}
}
}
abstract class Command {
protected $receiver;
protected $state;
protected $name;
public function __construct(Receiver $receiver, $name) {
$this->receiver = $receiver;
$this->name = $name;
}
abstract public function execute();
}
class ConcreteCommand extends Command {
public function execute() {
if (!$this->state || $this->state == 2) {
$this->receiver->action();
$this->state = 1;
} else {
echo $this->name . '命令正在執行,沒法再次執行了!', PHP_EOL;
}
}
public function undo() {
if ($this->state == 1) {
$this->receiver->undo();
$this->state = 2;
} else {
echo $this->name . '命令未執行,沒法撤銷了!', PHP_EOL;
}
}
}
class Receiver {
public $name;
public function __construct($name) {
$this->name = $name;
}
public function action() {
echo $this->name . '命令執行了!', PHP_EOL;
}
public function undo() {
echo $this->name . '命令撤銷了!', PHP_EOL;
}
}
// 準備執行者
$receiverA = new Receiver('A');
$receiverB = new Receiver('B');
$receiverC = new Receiver('C');
// 準備命令
$commandOne = new ConcreteCommand($receiverA, 'A');
$commandTwo = new ConcreteCommand($receiverA, 'B');
$commandThree = new ConcreteCommand($receiverA, 'C');
// 請求者
$invoker = new Invoker();
$invoker->setCommand($commandOne);
$invoker->setCommand($commandTwo);
$invoker->setCommand($commandThree);
$invoker->exec();
$invoker->undo();
// 新加一個單獨的執行者,只執行一個命令
$invokerA = new Invoker();
$invokerA->setCommand($commandOne);
$invokerA->exec();
// 命令A已經執行了,再次執行所有的命令執行者,A命令的state判斷沒法生效
$invoker->exec();
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咱們的手機工廠和餐廳其實並無什麼兩樣,當咱們須要代工廠來製做手機時,也是先下訂單,這個訂單就能夠看作是命令。在這個訂單中,咱們會規定好須要用到的配件,什麼型號的CPU,什麼型號的內存,預裝什麼系統之類的。而後代工廠的工人們就會根據這個訂單來進行生產。在這個過程當中,我不用關心是某一個工人仍是一羣工人來執行這個訂單,我只須要將這個訂單交給和咱們對接的人就能夠了,而後只管等着手機生產出來進行驗收咯!!code
github.com/zhangyue050…](github.com/zhangyue050…github.com/zhangyue050…
短信功能又回來了,咱們發現除了工廠模式外,命令模式貌似也是一種不錯的實現方式哦。在這裏,咱們依然是使用那幾個短信和推送的接口,話很少說,咱們用命令模式再來實現一個吧。固然,有興趣的朋友能夠接着實現咱們的短信撤回功能哈,想一想上面的命令取消是怎麼實現的。
短信發送類圖
github.com/zhangyue050…](github.com/zhangyue050…github.com/zhangyue050…
<?php
class SendMsg {
private $command = [];
public function setCommand(Command $command) {
$this->command[] = $command;
}
public function send($msg) {
foreach ($this->command as $command) {
$command->execute($msg);
}
}
}
abstract class Command {
protected $receiver = [];
public function setReceiver($receiver) {
$this->receiver[] = $receiver;
}
abstract public function execute($msg);
}
class SendAliYun extends Command {
public function execute($msg) {
foreach ($this->receiver as $receiver) {
$receiver->action($msg);
}
}
}
class SendJiGuang extends Command {
public function execute($msg) {
foreach ($this->receiver as $receiver) {
$receiver->action($msg);
}
}
}
class SendAliYunMsg {
public function action($msg) {
echo '【阿X雲短信】發送:' . $msg, PHP_EOL;
}
}
class SendAliYunPush {
public function action($msg) {
echo '【阿X雲推送】發送:' . $msg, PHP_EOL;
}
}
class SendJiGuangMsg {
public function action($msg) {
echo '【極X短信】發送:' . $msg, PHP_EOL;
}
}
class SendJiGuangPush {
public function action($msg) {
echo '【極X推送】發送:' . $msg, PHP_EOL;
}
}
$aliMsg = new SendAliYunMsg();
$aliPush = new SendAliYunPush();
$jgMsg = new SendJiGuangMsg();
$jgPush = new SendJiGuangPush();
$sendAliYun = new SendAliYun();
$sendAliYun->setReceiver($aliMsg);
$sendAliYun->setReceiver($aliPush);
$sendJiGuang = new SendJiGuang();
$sendAliYun->setReceiver($jgMsg);
$sendAliYun->setReceiver($jgPush);
$sendMsg = new SendMsg();
$sendMsg->setCommand($sendAliYun);
$sendMsg->setCommand($sendJiGuang);
$sendMsg->send('此次要搞個大活動,快來註冊吧!!');
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說明
命令模式說了不少,不過確實是很好玩的一個模式,下一場咱們休息休息,來一個比較簡單的模式,甚至是比咱們的簡單工廠還要簡單的一個模式,那就是策略模式