finalizer是與對象關聯的一個函數,經過runtime.SetFinalizer
來設置,它在對象被GC的時候,這個finalizer會被調用,以完成對象生命中最後一程。因爲finalizer的存在,致使了對象在三色標記中,不可能被標爲白色對象,也就是垃圾,因此,這個對象的生命也會得以延續一個GC週期。正如defer同樣,咱們也能夠經過 Finalizer 完成一些相似於資源釋放的操做segmentfault
type mspan struct {
// 當前span上全部對象的special串成鏈表
// special中有個offset,就是數據對象在span上的offset,經過offset,將數據對象和special關聯起來
specials *special // linked list of special records sorted by offset.
}
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type special struct {
next *special // linked list in span
// 數據對象在span上的offset
offset uint16 // span offset of object
kind byte // kind of special
}
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##1.3. specialfinalizer數組
type specialfinalizer struct {
special special
fn *funcval // May be a heap pointer.
// return的數據的大小
nret uintptr
// 第一個參數的類型
fint *_type // May be a heap pointer, but always live.
// 與finalizer關聯的數據對象的指針類型
ot *ptrtype // May be a heap pointer, but always live.
}
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type finalizer struct {
fn *funcval // function to call (may be a heap pointer)
arg unsafe.Pointer // ptr to object (may be a heap pointer)
nret uintptr // bytes of return values from fn
fint *_type // type of first argument of fn
ot *ptrtype // type of ptr to object (may be a heap pointer)
}
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var finlock mutex // protects the following variables
// 運行finalizer的g,只有一個g,不用的時候休眠,須要的時候再喚醒
var fing *g // goroutine that runs finalizers
// finalizer的全局隊列,這裏是已經設置的finalizer串成的鏈表
var finq *finblock // list of finalizers that are to be executed
// 已經釋放的finblock的鏈表,用finc緩存起來,之後須要使用的時候能夠直接取走,避免再走一遍內存分配了
var finc *finblock // cache of free blocks
var finptrmask [_FinBlockSize / sys.PtrSize / 8]byte
var fingwait bool // fing的標誌位,經過 fingwait和fingwake,來肯定是否須要喚醒fing
var fingwake bool
// 全部的blocks串成的鏈表
var allfin *finblock // list of all blocks
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func main() {
// i 就是後面說的 數據對象
var i = 3
// 這裏的func 就是後面一直說的 finalizer
runtime.SetFinalizer(&i, func(i *int) {
fmt.Println(i, *i, "set finalizer")
})
time.Sleep(time.Second * 5)
}
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根據 數據對象 ,生成一個special對象,並綁定到 數據對象 所在的span,串聯到span.specials上,而且確保fing的存在緩存
func SetFinalizer(obj interface{}, finalizer interface{}) {
if debug.sbrk != 0 {
// debug.sbrk never frees memory, so no finalizers run
// (and we don't have the data structures to record them).
return
}
e := efaceOf(&obj)
etyp := e._type
// ---- 省略數據校驗的邏輯 ---
ot := (*ptrtype)(unsafe.Pointer(etyp))
// find the containing object
// 在內存中找不到分配的地址時 base==0,setFinalizer 是在內存回收的時候調用,沒有分配就不會回收
base, _, _ := findObject(uintptr(e.data), 0, 0)
f := efaceOf(&finalizer)
ftyp := f._type
// 若是 finalizer type == nil,嘗試移除(沒有的話,就不須要移除了)
if ftyp == nil {
// switch to system stack and remove finalizer
systemstack(func() {
removefinalizer(e.data)
})
return
}
// --- 對finalizer參數數量及類型進行校驗 --
if ftyp.kind&kindMask != kindFunc {
throw("runtime.SetFinalizer: second argument is " + ftyp.string() + ", not a function")
}
ft := (*functype)(unsafe.Pointer(ftyp))
if ft.dotdotdot() {
throw("runtime.SetFinalizer: cannot pass " + etyp.string() + " to finalizer " + ftyp.string() + " because dotdotdot")
}
if ft.inCount != 1 {
throw("runtime.SetFinalizer: cannot pass " + etyp.string() + " to finalizer " + ftyp.string())
}
fint := ft.in()[0]
switch {
case fint == etyp:
// ok - same type
goto okarg
case fint.kind&kindMask == kindPtr:
if (fint.uncommon() == nil || etyp.uncommon() == nil) && (*ptrtype)(unsafe.Pointer(fint)).elem == ot.elem {
// ok - not same type, but both pointers,
// one or the other is unnamed, and same element type, so assignable.
goto okarg
}
case fint.kind&kindMask == kindInterface:
ityp := (*interfacetype)(unsafe.Pointer(fint))
if len(ityp.mhdr) == 0 {
// ok - satisfies empty interface
goto okarg
}
if _, ok := assertE2I2(ityp, *efaceOf(&obj)); ok {
goto okarg
}
}
throw("runtime.SetFinalizer: cannot pass " + etyp.string() + " to finalizer " + ftyp.string())
okarg:
// compute size needed for return parameters
// 計算返回參數的大小並進行對齊
nret := uintptr(0)
for _, t := range ft.out() {
nret = round(nret, uintptr(t.align)) + uintptr(t.size)
}
nret = round(nret, sys.PtrSize)
// make sure we have a finalizer goroutine
// 確保 finalizer 有一個 goroutine
createfing()
systemstack(func() {
// 卻換到g0,添加finalizer,而且不能重複設置
if !addfinalizer(e.data, (*funcval)(f.data), nret, fint, ot) {
throw("runtime.SetFinalizer: finalizer already set")
}
})
}
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這裏邏輯沒什麼複雜的,只是在參數、類型的判斷等上面,比較的麻煩函數
經過removespecial,找到數據對象p所對應的special對象,若是找到的話,釋放mheap上對應的內存源碼分析
func removefinalizer(p unsafe.Pointer) {
// 根據數據p找到對應的special對象
s := (*specialfinalizer)(unsafe.Pointer(removespecial(p, _KindSpecialFinalizer)))
if s == nil {
return // there wasn't a finalizer to remove
}
lock(&mheap_.speciallock)
// 釋放找到的special所對應的內存
mheap_.specialfinalizeralloc.free(unsafe.Pointer(s))
unlock(&mheap_.speciallock)
}
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這裏的函數,雖然叫removefinalizer, 可是這裏暫時跟finalizer結構體沒有關係,都是在跟special結構體打交道,後面的addfinalizer也是同樣的學習
遍歷數據所在的span的specials,若是找到了指定數據p的special的話,就從specials中移除,並返回ui
func removespecial(p unsafe.Pointer, kind uint8) *special {
// 找到數據p所在的span
span := spanOfHeap(uintptr(p))
if span == nil {
throw("removespecial on invalid pointer")
}
// Ensure that the span is swept.
// Sweeping accesses the specials list w/o locks, so we have
// to synchronize with it. And it's just much safer.
mp := acquirem()
// 保證span被清掃過了
span.ensureSwept()
// 獲取數據p的偏移量,根據偏移量去尋找p對應的special
offset := uintptr(p) - span.base()
lock(&span.speciallock)
t := &span.specials
// 遍歷span.specials這個鏈表
for {
s := *t
if s == nil {
break
}
// This function is used for finalizers only, so we don't check for
// "interior" specials (p must be exactly equal to s->offset).
if offset == uintptr(s.offset) && kind == s.kind {
// 找到了,修改指針,將當前找到的special移除
*t = s.next
unlock(&span.speciallock)
releasem(mp)
return s
}
t = &s.next
}
unlock(&span.speciallock)
releasem(mp)
// 沒有找到,就返回nil
return nil
}
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正好跟removefinalizer相反,這個就是根據數據對象p,建立對應的special,而後添加到span.specials鏈表上面this
func addfinalizer(p unsafe.Pointer, f *funcval, nret uintptr, fint *_type, ot *ptrtype) bool {
lock(&mheap_.speciallock)
// 分配出來一塊內存供finalizer使用
s := (*specialfinalizer)(mheap_.specialfinalizeralloc.alloc())
unlock(&mheap_.speciallock)
s.special.kind = _KindSpecialFinalizer
s.fn = f
s.nret = nret
s.fint = fint
s.ot = ot
if addspecial(p, &s.special) {
return true
}
// There was an old finalizer
// 沒有添加成功,是由於p已經有了一個special對象了
lock(&mheap_.speciallock)
mheap_.specialfinalizeralloc.free(unsafe.Pointer(s))
unlock(&mheap_.speciallock)
return false
}
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這裏是添加special的主邏輯atom
func addspecial(p unsafe.Pointer, s *special) bool {
span := spanOfHeap(uintptr(p))
if span == nil {
throw("addspecial on invalid pointer")
}
// 同 removerspecial同樣,確保這個span已經清掃過了
mp := acquirem()
span.ensureSwept()
offset := uintptr(p) - span.base()
kind := s.kind
lock(&span.speciallock)
// Find splice point, check for existing record.
t := &span.specials
for {
x := *t
if x == nil {
break
}
if offset == uintptr(x.offset) && kind == x.kind {
// 已經存在了,不能在增長了,一個數據對象,只能綁定一個finalizer
unlock(&span.speciallock)
releasem(mp)
return false // already exists
}
if offset < uintptr(x.offset) || (offset == uintptr(x.offset) && kind < x.kind) {
break
}
t = &x.next
}
// Splice in record, fill in offset.
// 添加到 specials 隊列尾
s.offset = uint16(offset)
s.next = *t
*t = s
unlock(&span.speciallock)
releasem(mp)
return true
}
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這個函數是保證,建立了finalizer以後,有一個goroutine去運行,這裏只運行一次,這個goroutine會由全局變量 fing 記錄spa
func createfing() {
// start the finalizer goroutine exactly once
// 進建立一個goroutine,進行時刻監控運行
if fingCreate == 0 && atomic.Cas(&fingCreate, 0, 1) {
// 開啓一個goroutine運行
go runfinq()
}
}
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在上面的 createfing
的會嘗試建立一個goroutine去執行,接下來就分析一下執行流程吧
func runfinq() {
var (
frame unsafe.Pointer
framecap uintptr
)
for {
lock(&finlock)
// 獲取finq 全局隊列,並清空全局隊列
fb := finq
finq = nil
if fb == nil {
// 若是全局隊列爲空,休眠當前g,等待被喚醒
gp := getg()
fing = gp
// 設置fing的狀態標誌位
fingwait = true
goparkunlock(&finlock, waitReasonFinalizerWait, traceEvGoBlock, 1)
continue
}
unlock(&finlock)
// 循環執行runq鏈表裏的fin數組
for fb != nil {
for i := fb.cnt; i > 0; i-- {
f := &fb.fin[i-1]
// 獲取存儲當前finalizer的返回數據的大小,若是比以前大,則分配
framesz := unsafe.Sizeof((interface{})(nil)) + f.nret
if framecap < framesz {
// The frame does not contain pointers interesting for GC,
// all not yet finalized objects are stored in finq.
// If we do not mark it as FlagNoScan,
// the last finalized object is not collected.
frame = mallocgc(framesz, nil, true)
framecap = framesz
}
if f.fint == nil {
throw("missing type in runfinq")
}
// frame is effectively uninitialized
// memory. That means we have to clear
// it before writing to it to avoid
// confusing the write barrier.
// 清空frame內存存儲
*(*[2]uintptr)(frame) = [2]uintptr{}
switch f.fint.kind & kindMask {
case kindPtr:
// direct use of pointer
*(*unsafe.Pointer)(frame) = f.arg
case kindInterface:
ityp := (*interfacetype)(unsafe.Pointer(f.fint))
// set up with empty interface
(*eface)(frame)._type = &f.ot.typ
(*eface)(frame).data = f.arg
if len(ityp.mhdr) != 0 {
// convert to interface with methods
// this conversion is guaranteed to succeed - we checked in SetFinalizer
*(*iface)(frame) = assertE2I(ityp, *(*eface)(frame))
}
default:
throw("bad kind in runfinq")
}
// 調用finalizer函數
fingRunning = true
reflectcall(nil, unsafe.Pointer(f.fn), frame, uint32(framesz), uint32(framesz))
fingRunning = false
// Drop finalizer queue heap references
// before hiding them from markroot.
// This also ensures these will be
// clear if we reuse the finalizer.
// 清空finalizer的屬性
f.fn = nil
f.arg = nil
f.ot = nil
atomic.Store(&fb.cnt, i-1)
}
// 將已經完成的finalizer放入finc以做緩存,避免再次分配內存
next := fb.next
lock(&finlock)
fb.next = finc
finc = fb
unlock(&finlock)
fb = next
}
}
}
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看完上面的流程的時候,忽然發現有點懵逼
先針對第一個問題分析:
插入隊列的操做,要追溯到咱們以前分析的GC 深刻理解Go-垃圾回收機制 了,在sweep
中有下面一段函數
func (s *mspan) sweep(preserve bool) bool {
....
specialp := &s.specials
special := *specialp
for special != nil {
....
if special.kind == _KindSpecialFinalizer || !hasFin {
// Splice out special record.
y := special
special = special.next
*specialp = special
// 加入全局finq隊列的入口就在這裏了
freespecial(y, unsafe.Pointer(p), size)
}
....
}
....
}
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在gc的時候,不只要把special對應的內存釋放掉,並且把specials整理建立對應dinalizer對象,並插入到 finq隊列裏面
func freespecial(s *special, p unsafe.Pointer, size uintptr) {
switch s.kind {
case _KindSpecialFinalizer:
// 把這個finalizer加入到全局隊列
sf := (*specialfinalizer)(unsafe.Pointer(s))
queuefinalizer(p, sf.fn, sf.nret, sf.fint, sf.ot)
lock(&mheap_.speciallock)
mheap_.specialfinalizeralloc.free(unsafe.Pointer(sf))
unlock(&mheap_.speciallock)
// 下面兩種狀況不在分析範圍內,省略
case _KindSpecialProfile:
sp := (*specialprofile)(unsafe.Pointer(s))
mProf_Free(sp.b, size)
lock(&mheap_.speciallock)
mheap_.specialprofilealloc.free(unsafe.Pointer(sp))
unlock(&mheap_.speciallock)
default:
throw("bad special kind")
panic("not reached")
}
}
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func queuefinalizer(p unsafe.Pointer, fn *funcval, nret uintptr, fint *_type, ot *ptrtype) {
lock(&finlock)
// 若是finq爲空或finq的內部數組已經滿了,則從finc或從新分配 來獲取block並插入到finq的鏈表頭
if finq == nil || finq.cnt == uint32(len(finq.fin)) {
if finc == nil {
finc = (*finblock)(persistentalloc(_FinBlockSize, 0, &memstats.gc_sys))
finc.alllink = allfin
allfin = finc
if finptrmask[0] == 0 {
// Build pointer mask for Finalizer array in block.
// Check assumptions made in finalizer1 array above.
if (unsafe.Sizeof(finalizer{}) != 5*sys.PtrSize ||
unsafe.Offsetof(finalizer{}.fn) != 0 ||
unsafe.Offsetof(finalizer{}.arg) != sys.PtrSize ||
unsafe.Offsetof(finalizer{}.nret) != 2*sys.PtrSize ||
unsafe.Offsetof(finalizer{}.fint) != 3*sys.PtrSize ||
unsafe.Offsetof(finalizer{}.ot) != 4*sys.PtrSize) {
throw("finalizer out of sync")
}
for i := range finptrmask {
finptrmask[i] = finalizer1[i%len(finalizer1)]
}
}
}
// 從finc中移除並獲取鏈表頭
block := finc
finc = block.next
// 將從finc獲取到的鏈表掛載到finq的隊列頭,finq指向新的block
block.next = finq
finq = block
}
// 根據finq.cnt獲取索引對應的block
f := &finq.fin[finq.cnt]
atomic.Xadd(&finq.cnt, +1) // Sync with markroots
// 設置相關屬性
f.fn = fn
f.nret = nret
f.fint = fint
f.ot = ot
f.arg = p
// 設置喚醒標誌
fingwake = true
unlock(&finlock)
}
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至此,也就明白了,runq全局隊列是怎麼被填充的了
那麼,第二個問題,當fing被休眠後,怎麼被喚醒呢?
這裏就須要追溯到,深刻理解Go-goroutine的實現及Scheduler分析 這篇文章了
在 findrunnable 中有一段代碼以下:
func findrunnable() (gp *g, inheritTime bool) {
// 經過狀態位判斷是否須要喚醒 fing, 經過wakefing來判斷並返回fing
if fingwait && fingwake {
if gp := wakefing(); gp != nil {
// 喚醒g,並從休眠出繼續執行
ready(gp, 0, true)
}
}
}
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這裏不只會對狀態位 fingwait fingwake作二次判斷,並且,若是狀態位符合喚醒要求的話,須要重置兩個狀態位
func wakefing() *g {
var res *g
lock(&finlock)
if fingwait && fingwake {
fingwait = false
fingwake = false
res = fing
}
unlock(&finlock)
return res
}
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