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2.本文做者:趙裕(vimerzhao),永久連接:https://github.com/vimerzhao/vimerzhao.github.io/blob/master/android/2020-01-17-opt-apk-size-by-remove-debuginfo.md。
3.做者公衆號:V大師在一號線 。聯繫郵箱:vimerzhao@foxmail.com
。java
目錄:android
目前Android安裝包的優化方法論比較成熟,好比git
這些方法都比較常規,在項目成熟後優化的空間也比較有限。以應用寶爲例,目前(2020年1月)項目代碼中Java文件8040個,代碼行數約143萬行,最終生成的 release包 9.33M。能夠優化的空間極爲有限,並且因爲維護較差,分析已經廢棄的代碼和資源其實很是耗時耗力。本文的方案可使應用寶在現有基礎上馬上減小約 700k 安裝包大小,收益十分可觀,並且對於一個項目, 代碼量越大,效果越明顯 。github
咱們在開發中常常會去看Crash日誌來定位問題,以下:vim
W/System.err: java.lang.NullPointerException W/System.err: at b.a.a.a.a(Test.java:26) W/System.err: at com.tencent.androidfactory.MainActivity.onCreate(MainActivity.java:15) W/System.err: at android.app.Activity.performCreate(Activity.java:7458) W/System.err: at android.app.Activity.performCreate(Activity.java:7448) W/System.err: at android.app.Instrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(Instrumentation.java:1286) ......
而後經過 map 文件找到 對應的類:數組
com.tencent.androidfactory.Test -> b.a.a.a: 14:14:void <init>() -> <init> 23:69:void test() -> a 16:17:void log() -> b 20:21:void log1() -> c
這裏爲何要把類名和方法名用雜亂無章的字符代替呢?一方面緣由就是後者 更精簡,在dex文件中佔用的空間更小,但這不是今天討論的重點。上面Crash信息的後面指明瞭Crash的具體位置是第 26 行,這是否是說明了dex存在一些信息,指明瞭字節碼位置到源代碼位置的信息,進一步,咱們是否是能夠參考上面混淆以後經過map映射找到原來的類的作法,把字節碼位置到源代碼位置的信息做爲map存在本地!!app
這裏須要指出Dex文件存在一個 debugItemInfo
的區域,記錄了指令集位置到行號的信息,正是由於這些信息的存在,咱們才能作單步調試等操做,這也是這個命名的由來。函數
以應用寶爲例,130萬行代碼都要保存這個映射信息的話其實佔用的空間是很大的(也就是上面優化掉的那部分)。工具
其實,優化掉這部分信息已經有一些工具支持了:post
-keepattributes LineNumberTable
drop_line_numbers
deleteLineNumber
螞蟻金服的支付寶 App 構建優化解析:Android 包大小極致壓縮也直接提到了這種作法,但問題也很明顯、很嚴重,會丟失行號信息(低版本都是-1,高版本是指令集位置),致使Crash沒法排查,此外,每一個版本也須要作兼容,可是該文章並未詳細描述,本文正是填補這部分空白。
首先,Java層的Crash上報都是經過自定義 Thread.setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler
的 uncaughtException(Thread thread, Throwable throwable)
方法實現的,下面以Android 4.4的源碼爲例,分析下底層原理。
Throwable
的每一個構建函數都有一個fillInStackTrace();
調用,具體邏輯以下:
/** * Records the stack trace from the point where this method has been called * to this {@code Throwable}. This method is invoked by the {@code Throwable} constructors. * * <p>This method is public so that code (such as an RPC system) which catches * a {@code Throwable} and then re-throws it can replace the construction-time stack trace * with a stack trace from the location where the exception was re-thrown, by <i>calling</i> * {@code fillInStackTrace}. * * <p>This method is non-final so that non-Java language implementations can disable VM stack * traces for their language. Filling in the stack trace is relatively expensive. * <i>Overriding</i> this method in the root of a language's exception hierarchy allows the * language to avoid paying for something it doesn't need. * * @return this {@code Throwable} instance. */ public Throwable fillInStackTrace() { if (stackTrace == null) { return this; // writableStackTrace was false. } // Fill in the intermediate representation. stackState = nativeFillInStackTrace(); // Mark the full representation as in need of update. stackTrace = EmptyArray.STACK_TRACE_ELEMENT; return this; }
其中,stackState
就包含了指令集位置信息(the intermediate representation),該對象會被傳遞給下面的natvie方法解出具體行號:
/* * Creates an array of StackTraceElement objects from the data held * in "stackState". */ private static native StackTraceElement[] nativeGetStackTrace(Object stackState);
因而咱們的思路就是 Hook住上報的位置,經過反射拿到指令集位置,在Crash上報前把指令集位置賦值給無心義的行號(理論上高版本在沒有debugItemInfo
時,已經默認是指令集位置而不是-1了)。這裏比較坑的是 stackState
的類型,其定義以下:
/** * An intermediate representation of the stack trace. This field may * be accessed by the VM; do not rename. */ private transient volatile Object stackState;
在不一樣版本上,該對象的數據類型都不同。
這裏是第一個比較坑的地方,有的是int數組,有的是long數組,有的是Object數組的第一/最後一項,並且指令集位置有的在一塊兒,有的是間隔的,確實比較坑,須要適配兼容。
8.0有一個問題,異常處理系統初始化時會執行以下邏輯:
// 代碼版本:Android8.0,文件名稱:RuntimeInit.java protected static final void commonInit() { if (DEBUG) Slog.d(TAG, "Entered RuntimeInit!"); /* * set handlers; these apply to all threads in the VM. Apps can replace * the default handler, but not the pre handler. */ Thread.setUncaughtExceptionPreHandler(new LoggingHandler()); Thread.setDefaultUncaughtExceptionHandler(new KillApplicationHandler()); ...... }
其中 Thread.setUncaughtExceptionPreHandler(new LoggingHandler());
是該版本新增的,會在uncaughtException
以前調用,LoggingHandler
會致使Throwable#getInternalStackTrace
被調用,該方法邏輯以下:
/** * Returns an array of StackTraceElement. Each StackTraceElement * represents a entry on the stack. */ private StackTraceElement[] getInternalStackTrace() { if (stackTrace == EmptyArray.STACK_TRACE_ELEMENT) { stackTrace = nativeGetStackTrace(stackState); stackState = null; // Let go of intermediate representation. return stackTrace; } else if (stackTrace == null) { return EmptyArray.STACK_TRACE_ELEMENT; } else { return stackTrace; } }
所以,8.0以上版本在Hook默認的 UncaughtExceptionHandler
時,stackState
信息已經丟失了!!個人解決辦法是 反射Hook掉Thread#uncaughtExceptionPreHandler
字段,使 LoggingHandler
被覆蓋
可是在9.0會有如下錯誤
Accessing hidden field Ljava/lang/Thread;->uncaughtExceptionPreHandler:Ljava/lang/Thread$UncaughtExceptionHandler; (dark greylist, reflection) java.lang.NoSuchFieldException: No field uncaughtExceptionPreHandler in class Ljava/lang/Thread; (declaration of 'java.lang.Thread' appears in /system/framework/core-oj.jar) at java.lang.Class.getDeclaredField(Native Method) at top.vimerzhao.testremovelineinfo.ExceptionHookUtils.init(ExceptionHookUtils.java:18) ......
經過相似FreeReflection目前能夠突破這個限制,所以Android 9+ 的機型依然可使用這個方案。
這裏再詳細介紹下底層獲取行號的邏輯,首先Throwable
會調用到一個native方法(這裏的註釋信息講的很清楚,注意看):
//http://androidxref.com/4.4_r1/xref/dalvik/vm/native/dalvik_system_VMStack.cpp /* * public static int fillStackTraceElements(Thread t, StackTraceElement[] stackTraceElements) * * Retrieve a partial stack trace of the specified thread and return * the number of frames filled. Returns 0 on failure. */ static void Dalvik_dalvik_system_VMStack_fillStackTraceElements(const u4* args, JValue* pResult) { Object* targetThreadObj = (Object*) args[0]; ArrayObject* steArray = (ArrayObject*) args[1]; size_t stackDepth; int* traceBuf = getTraceBuf(targetThreadObj, &stackDepth); if (traceBuf == NULL) RETURN_PTR(NULL); /* * Set the raw buffer into an array of StackTraceElement. */ if (stackDepth > steArray->length) { stackDepth = steArray->length; } dvmFillStackTraceElements(traceBuf, stackDepth, steArray); free(traceBuf); RETURN_INT(stackDepth); }
該方法計算行信息的是dvmFillStackTraceElements
:
// http://androidxref.com/4.4_r1/xref/dalvik/vm/Exception.cpp /* * Fills the StackTraceElement array elements from the raw integer * data encoded by dvmFillInStackTrace(). * * "intVals" points to the first {method,pc} pair. */ void dvmFillStackTraceElements(const int* intVals, size_t stackDepth, ArrayObject* steArray) { unsigned int i; /* init this if we haven't yet */ if (!dvmIsClassInitialized(gDvm.classJavaLangStackTraceElement)) dvmInitClass(gDvm.classJavaLangStackTraceElement); /* * Allocate and initialize a StackTraceElement for each stack frame. * We use the standard constructor to configure the object. */ for (i = 0; i < stackDepth; i++) { Object* ste = dvmAllocObject(gDvm.classJavaLangStackTraceElement,ALLOC_DEFAULT); if (ste == NULL) { return; } Method* meth = (Method*) *intVals++; int pc = *intVals++; int lineNumber; if (pc == -1) // broken top frame? lineNumber = 0; else lineNumber = dvmLineNumFromPC(meth, pc); ...... /* * Invoke: * public StackTraceElement(String declaringClass, String methodName, * String fileName, int lineNumber) * (where lineNumber==-2 means "native") */ JValue unused; dvmCallMethod(dvmThreadSelf(), gDvm.methJavaLangStackTraceElement_init, ste, &unused, className, methodName, fileName, lineNumber); ...... dvmSetObjectArrayElement(steArray, i, ste); } }
由此可知,默認行號多是0,不然經過 dvmLineNumFromPC
獲取具體信息:
//http://androidxref.com/4.4_r1/xref/dalvik/vm/interp/Stack.cpp /* * Determine the source file line number based on the program counter. * "pc" is an offset, in 16-bit units, from the start of the method's code. * * Returns -1 if no match was found (possibly because the source files were * compiled without "-g", so no line number information is present). * Returns -2 for native methods (as expected in exception traces). */ int dvmLineNumFromPC(const Method* method, u4 relPc) { const DexCode* pDexCode = dvmGetMethodCode(method); if (pDexCode == NULL) { if (dvmIsNativeMethod(method) && !dvmIsAbstractMethod(method)) return -2; return -1; /* can happen for abstract method stub */ } LineNumFromPcContext context; memset(&context, 0, sizeof(context)); context.address = relPc; // A method with no line number info should return -1 context.lineNum = -1; dexDecodeDebugInfo(method->clazz->pDvmDex->pDexFile, pDexCode, method->clazz->descriptor, method->prototype.protoIdx, method->accessFlags, lineNumForPcCb, NULL, &context); return context.lineNum; }
由此可知,默認行號還多是-2/-1,而 dexDecodeDebugInfo
裏面就是具體的解析信息了,不作深刻分析(太複雜了,給看懵逼了~)。
以一臺Android6.0的魅族爲例,個人Demo部分日誌以下:
01-14 10:17:42.525 845-868/? I/ExceptionHookUtils: succeed [28, 12, 12, 5, 6] 01-14 10:17:42.525 845-868/? I/ExceptionHookUtils: set top.vimerzhao.testremovelineinfo.a from -1 to 28 01-14 10:17:42.526 845-868/? I/ExceptionHookUtils: set top.vimerzhao.testremovelineinfo.a from -1 to 12 01-14 10:17:42.526 845-868/? I/ExceptionHookUtils: set top.vimerzhao.testremovelineinfo.a from -1 to 12 01-14 10:17:42.526 845-868/? I/ExceptionHookUtils: set top.vimerzhao.testremovelineinfo.MainActivity$a from -1 to 5 01-14 10:17:42.526 845-868/? I/ExceptionHookUtils: set java.lang.Thread from 818 to 6
經過 dexdump
工具能夠導出一個行號到指令集位置的map文件,部分信息以下:
Virtual methods - #0 : (in Ltop/vimerzhao/testremovelineinfo/MainActivity$a;) name : 'run' type : '()V' access : 0x0001 (PUBLIC) code - registers : 2 ins : 1 outs : 1 insns size : 9 16-bit code units catches : (none) positions : 0x0000 line=17 // 這裏小於且最接近5 0x0008 line=18 locals : 0x0000 - 0x0009 reg=1 this Ltop/vimerzhao/testremovelineinfo/MainActivity$a; source_file_idx : 0 () ... Virtual methods - #0 : (in Ltop/vimerzhao/testremovelineinfo/a;) name : 'a' type : '()V' access : 0x0001 (PUBLIC) code - registers : 3 ins : 1 outs : 2 insns size : 21 16-bit code units catches : (none) positions : 0x0000 line=15 0x0007 line=16 0x000c line=17 // 這裏小於且最接近12 0x000f line=18 0x0014 line=19 locals : 0x0000 - 0x0015 reg=2 this Ltop/vimerzhao/testremovelineinfo/a; #1 : (in Ltop/vimerzhao/testremovelineinfo/a;) name : 'b' type : '()V' access : 0x0001 (PUBLIC) code - registers : 3 ins : 1 outs : 2 insns size : 21 16-bit code units catches : (none) positions : 0x0000 line=22 0x0007 line=23 0x000c line=24 // 這裏小於且最接近12 0x000f line=25 0x0014 line=26 locals : 0x0000 - 0x0015 reg=2 this Ltop/vimerzhao/testremovelineinfo/a; #2 : (in Ltop/vimerzhao/testremovelineinfo/a;) name : 'c' type : '()V' access : 0x0001 (PUBLIC) code - registers : 4 ins : 1 outs : 2 insns size : 48 16-bit code units catches : (none) positions : 0x0000 line=29 0x0007 line=30 0x000c line=31 0x0011 line=32 0x0016 line=33 0x001b line=34 0x001c line=35 // 這裏小於且最接近28 0x001f line=36 0x0024 line=37 0x0029 line=38 0x002c line=39 0x002f line=41 locals : 0x001c - 0x0030 reg=1 a Ljava/lang/Object; 0x0000 - 0x0030 reg=3 this Ltop/vimerzhao/testremovelineinfo/a; source_file_idx : 0 ()
這裏我加了一些註釋,經過指令集位置,咱們成功找到了行號,而查看Demo源代碼也確實如此:
因此,上報後Crash的排查問題也能夠解決了。
以上,是對改該方案的具體實現的分析,有了以上信息,代碼天然水到渠成了(100行左右~),不作贅述。
我的認爲這個方案能夠做爲安裝包優化的最後一根救命稻草,但自己入侵性較強,除非被KPI所逼迫,走頭無路,不然沒必要劍走偏鋒。
有次吃飯時,我提到這個方法,你們以爲1M的事情,何須費這麼大功夫,但有時候KPI就是KPI,你能夠以爲這1M沒有必要,老闆也能夠以爲招你這我的沒有必要。
(逃~)
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