Android Service與Activity之間通訊的幾種方式

轉載請註明地址http://blog.csdn.net/xiaanming/article/details/9750689android

 

在Android中,Activity主要負責前臺頁面的展現,Service主要負責須要長期運行的任務,因此在咱們實際開發中,就會經常遇到Activity與Service之間的通訊,咱們通常在Activity中啓動後臺Service,經過Intent來啓動,Intent中咱們能夠傳遞數據給Service,而當咱們Service執行某些操做以後想要更新UI線程,咱們應該怎麼作呢?接下來我就介紹兩種方式來實現Service與Activity之間的通訊問題web

  • 經過Binder對象

當Activity經過調用bindService(Intent service, ServiceConnection conn,int flags),咱們能夠獲得一個Service的一個對象實例,而後咱們就能夠訪問Service中的方法,咱們仍是經過一個例子來理解一下吧,一個模擬下載的小例子,帶你們理解一下經過Binder通訊的方式app

首先咱們新建一個工程Communication,而後新建一個Service類ide

 

package com.example.communication;
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Binder;
import android.os.IBinder;

public class MsgService extends Service {
    /**
     * 進度條的最大值
     */
    public static final int MAX_PROGRESS = 100;
    /**
     * 進度條的進度值
     */
    private int progress = 0;

    /**
     * 增長get()方法,供Activity調用
     * @return 下載進度
     */
    public int getProgress() {
        return progress;
    }

    /**
     * 模擬下載任務,每秒鐘更新一次
     */
    public void startDownLoad(){
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            
            @Override
            public void run() {
                while(progress < MAX_PROGRESS){
                    progress += 5;
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(1000);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    
                }
            }
        }).start();
    }


    /**
     * 返回一個Binder對象
     */
    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        return new MsgBinder();
    }
    
    public class MsgBinder extends Binder{
        /**
         * 獲取當前Service的實例
         * @return
         */
        public MsgService getService(){
            return MsgService.this;
        }
    }

}

上面的代碼比較簡單,註釋也比較詳細,最基本的Service的應用了,相信你看得懂的,咱們調用startDownLoad()方法來模擬下載任務,而後每秒更新一次進度,但這是在後臺進行中,咱們是看不到的,因此有時候咱們須要他能在前臺顯示下載的進度問題,因此咱們接下來就用到Activity了this

 

Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.communication.MSG_ACTION");  
bindService(intent, conn, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);

 

經過上面的代碼咱們就在Activity綁定了一個Service,上面須要一個ServiceConnection對象,它是一個接口,咱們這裏使用了匿名內部類spa

 

ServiceConnection conn = new ServiceConnection() {
        
        @Override
        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
            
        }
        
        @Override
        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
            //返回一個MsgService對象
            msgService = ((MsgService.MsgBinder)service).getService();
            
        }
};

 

在onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) 回調方法中,返回了一個MsgService中的Binder對象,咱們能夠經過getService()方法來獲得一個MsgService對象,而後能夠調用MsgService中的一些方法,Activity的代碼以下.net

 

package com.example.communication;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.ProgressBar;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
    private MsgService msgService;
    private int progress = 0;
    private ProgressBar mProgressBar;
    

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        
        
        //綁定Service
        Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.communication.MSG_ACTION");
        bindService(intent, conn, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
        
        
        mProgressBar = (ProgressBar) findViewById(R.id.progressBar1);
        Button mButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button1);
        mButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
            
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                //開始下載
                msgService.startDownLoad();
                //監聽進度
                listenProgress();
            }
        });
        
    }
    

    /**
     * 監聽進度,每秒鐘獲取調用MsgService的getProgress()方法來獲取進度,更新UI
     */
    public void listenProgress(){
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            
            @Override
            public void run() {
                while(progress < MsgService.MAX_PROGRESS){
                    progress = msgService.getProgress();
                    mProgressBar.setProgress(progress);
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(1000);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                }
                
            }
        }).start();
    }
    
    ServiceConnection conn = new ServiceConnection() {
        @Override
        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
            
        }
        
        @Override
        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
            //返回一個MsgService對象
            msgService = ((MsgService.MsgBinder)service).getService();
            
        }
    };

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        unbindService(conn);
        super.onDestroy();
    }

}

 

其實上面的代碼我仍是有點疑問,就是監聽進度變化的那個方法我是直接在線程中更新UI的,不是說不能在其餘線程更新UI操做嗎,多是ProgressBar比較特殊吧,我也沒去研究它的源碼,知道的朋友能夠告訴我一聲,謝謝!線程

上面的代碼就完成了在Service更新UI的操做,但是你發現了沒有,咱們每次都要主動調用getProgress()來獲取進度值,而後隔一秒在調用一次getProgress()方法,你會不會以爲很被動呢?可不能夠有一種方法當Service中進度發生變化主動通知Activity,答案是確定的,咱們能夠利用回調接口實現Service的主動通知,不理解回調方法的能夠看看http://blog.csdn.net/xiaanming/article/details/8703708code

新建一個回調接口orm

 

public interface OnProgressListener {
    void onProgress(int progress);
}

 

MsgService的代碼有一些小小的改變,爲了方便你們看懂,我仍是將全部代碼貼出來

 

package com.example.communication;

import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Binder;
import android.os.IBinder;

public class MsgService extends Service {
    /**
     * 進度條的最大值
     */
    public static final int MAX_PROGRESS = 100;
    /**
     * 進度條的進度值
     */
    private int progress = 0;
    
    /**
     * 更新進度的回調接口
     */
    private OnProgressListener onProgressListener;
    
    
    /**
     * 註冊回調接口的方法,供外部調用
     * @param onProgressListener
     */
    public void setOnProgressListener(OnProgressListener onProgressListener) {
        this.onProgressListener = onProgressListener;
    }

    /**
     * 增長get()方法,供Activity調用
     * @return 下載進度
     */
    public int getProgress() {
        return progress;
    }

    /**
     * 模擬下載任務,每秒鐘更新一次
     */
    public void startDownLoad(){
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            
            @Override
            public void run() {
                while(progress < MAX_PROGRESS){
                    progress += 5;
                    
                    //進度發生變化通知調用方
                    if(onProgressListener != null){
                        onProgressListener.onProgress(progress);
                    }
                    
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(1000);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    
                }
            }
        }).start();
    }


    /**
     * 返回一個Binder對象
     */
    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        return new MsgBinder();
    }
    
    public class MsgBinder extends Binder{
        /**
         * 獲取當前Service的實例
         * @return
         */
        public MsgService getService(){
            return MsgService.this;
        }
    }

}

 

Activity中的代碼以下

 

package com.example.communication;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.ServiceConnection;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.ProgressBar;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
    private MsgService msgService;
    private ProgressBar mProgressBar;
    

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        
        
        //綁定Service
        Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.communication.MSG_ACTION");
        bindService(intent, conn, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
        
        
        mProgressBar = (ProgressBar) findViewById(R.id.progressBar1);
        Button mButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button1);
        mButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
            
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                //開始下載
                msgService.startDownLoad();
            }
        });
        
    }
    

    ServiceConnection conn = new ServiceConnection() {
        @Override
        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
            
        }
        
        @Override
        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
            //返回一個MsgService對象
            msgService = ((MsgService.MsgBinder)service).getService();
            
            //註冊回調接口來接收下載進度的變化
            msgService.setOnProgressListener(new OnProgressListener() {
                
                @Override
                public void onProgress(int progress) {
                    mProgressBar.setProgress(progress);
                    
                }
            });
            
        }
    };

    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        unbindService(conn);
        super.onDestroy();
    }

}

 

用回調接口是否是更加的方便呢,當進度發生變化的時候Service主動通知Activity,Activity就能夠更新UI操做了

當咱們的進度發生變化的時候咱們發送一條廣播,而後在Activity的註冊廣播接收器,接收到廣播以後更新ProgressBar,代碼以下

 

package com.example.communication;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.ProgressBar;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
    private ProgressBar mProgressBar;
    private Intent mIntent;
    private MsgReceiver msgReceiver;
    

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        
        //動態註冊廣播接收器
        msgReceiver = new MsgReceiver();
        IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
        intentFilter.addAction("com.example.communication.RECEIVER");
        registerReceiver(msgReceiver, intentFilter);
        
        
        mProgressBar = (ProgressBar) findViewById(R.id.progressBar1);
        Button mButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button1);
        mButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
            
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                //啓動服務
                mIntent = new Intent("com.example.communication.MSG_ACTION");
                startService(mIntent);
            }
        });
        
    }

    
    @Override
    protected void onDestroy() {
        //中止服務
        stopService(mIntent);
        //註銷廣播
        unregisterReceiver(msgReceiver);
        super.onDestroy();
    }


    /**
     * 廣播接收器
     * @author len
     *
     */
    public class MsgReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{

        @Override
        public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
            //拿到進度,更新UI
            int progress = intent.getIntExtra("progress", 0);
            mProgressBar.setProgress(progress);
        }
        
    }

}

 

package com.example.communication;

import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.IBinder;

public class MsgService extends Service {
    /**
     * 進度條的最大值
     */
    public static final int MAX_PROGRESS = 100;
    /**
     * 進度條的進度值
     */
    private int progress = 0;
    
    private Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.communication.RECEIVER");
    

    /**
     * 模擬下載任務,每秒鐘更新一次
     */
    public void startDownLoad(){
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            
            @Override
            public void run() {
                while(progress < MAX_PROGRESS){
                    progress += 5;
                    
                    //發送Action爲com.example.communication.RECEIVER的廣播
                    intent.putExtra("progress", progress);
                    sendBroadcast(intent);
                    
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(1000);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                    }
                    
                }
            }
        }).start();
    }

    

    @Override
    public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
        startDownLoad();
        return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
    }



    @Override
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
        return null;
    }

}

總結:

  1. Activity調用bindService (Intent service, ServiceConnection conn, int flags)方法,獲得Service對象的一個引用,這樣Activity能夠直接調用到Service中的方法,若是要主動通知Activity,咱們能夠利用回調
  2. Service向Activity發送消息,能夠使用廣播,固然Activity要註冊相應的接收器。好比Service要向多個Activity發送一樣的消息的話,用這種方法就更好
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