轉載請註明地址http://blog.csdn.net/xiaanming/article/details/9750689android
在Android中,Activity主要負責前臺頁面的展現,Service主要負責須要長期運行的任務,因此在咱們實際開發中,就會經常遇到Activity與Service之間的通訊,咱們通常在Activity中啓動後臺Service,經過Intent來啓動,Intent中咱們能夠傳遞數據給Service,而當咱們Service執行某些操做以後想要更新UI線程,咱們應該怎麼作呢?接下來我就介紹兩種方式來實現Service與Activity之間的通訊問題web
當Activity經過調用bindService(Intent service, ServiceConnection conn,int flags),咱們能夠獲得一個Service的一個對象實例,而後咱們就能夠訪問Service中的方法,咱們仍是經過一個例子來理解一下吧,一個模擬下載的小例子,帶你們理解一下經過Binder通訊的方式app
首先咱們新建一個工程Communication,而後新建一個Service類ide
package com.example.communication; import android.app.Service; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.Binder; import android.os.IBinder; public class MsgService extends Service { /** * 進度條的最大值 */ public static final int MAX_PROGRESS = 100; /** * 進度條的進度值 */ private int progress = 0; /** * 增長get()方法,供Activity調用 * @return 下載進度 */ public int getProgress() { return progress; } /** * 模擬下載任務,每秒鐘更新一次 */ public void startDownLoad(){ new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { while(progress < MAX_PROGRESS){ progress += 5; try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }).start(); } /** * 返回一個Binder對象 */ @Override public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) { return new MsgBinder(); } public class MsgBinder extends Binder{ /** * 獲取當前Service的實例 * @return */ public MsgService getService(){ return MsgService.this; } } }
上面的代碼比較簡單,註釋也比較詳細,最基本的Service的應用了,相信你看得懂的,咱們調用startDownLoad()方法來模擬下載任務,而後每秒更新一次進度,但這是在後臺進行中,咱們是看不到的,因此有時候咱們須要他能在前臺顯示下載的進度問題,因此咱們接下來就用到Activity了this
Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.communication.MSG_ACTION"); bindService(intent, conn, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
經過上面的代碼咱們就在Activity綁定了一個Service,上面須要一個ServiceConnection對象,它是一個接口,咱們這裏使用了匿名內部類spa
ServiceConnection conn = new ServiceConnection() { @Override public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) { } @Override public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) { //返回一個MsgService對象 msgService = ((MsgService.MsgBinder)service).getService(); }
};
在onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) 回調方法中,返回了一個MsgService中的Binder對象,咱們能夠經過getService()方法來獲得一個MsgService對象,而後能夠調用MsgService中的一些方法,Activity的代碼以下.net
package com.example.communication; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.ComponentName; import android.content.Context; import android.content.Intent; import android.content.ServiceConnection; import android.os.Bundle; import android.os.IBinder; import android.view.View; import android.view.View.OnClickListener; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.ProgressBar; public class MainActivity extends Activity { private MsgService msgService; private int progress = 0; private ProgressBar mProgressBar; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); //綁定Service Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.communication.MSG_ACTION"); bindService(intent, conn, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE); mProgressBar = (ProgressBar) findViewById(R.id.progressBar1); Button mButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button1); mButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { //開始下載 msgService.startDownLoad(); //監聽進度 listenProgress(); } }); } /** * 監聽進度,每秒鐘獲取調用MsgService的getProgress()方法來獲取進度,更新UI */ public void listenProgress(){ new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { while(progress < MsgService.MAX_PROGRESS){ progress = msgService.getProgress(); mProgressBar.setProgress(progress); try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }).start(); } ServiceConnection conn = new ServiceConnection() { @Override public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) { } @Override public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) { //返回一個MsgService對象 msgService = ((MsgService.MsgBinder)service).getService(); } }; @Override protected void onDestroy() { unbindService(conn); super.onDestroy(); } }
其實上面的代碼我仍是有點疑問,就是監聽進度變化的那個方法我是直接在線程中更新UI的,不是說不能在其餘線程更新UI操做嗎,多是ProgressBar比較特殊吧,我也沒去研究它的源碼,知道的朋友能夠告訴我一聲,謝謝!線程
上面的代碼就完成了在Service更新UI的操做,但是你發現了沒有,咱們每次都要主動調用getProgress()來獲取進度值,而後隔一秒在調用一次getProgress()方法,你會不會以爲很被動呢?可不能夠有一種方法當Service中進度發生變化主動通知Activity,答案是確定的,咱們能夠利用回調接口實現Service的主動通知,不理解回調方法的能夠看看http://blog.csdn.net/xiaanming/article/details/8703708code
新建一個回調接口orm
public interface OnProgressListener { void onProgress(int progress); }
MsgService的代碼有一些小小的改變,爲了方便你們看懂,我仍是將全部代碼貼出來
package com.example.communication; import android.app.Service; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.Binder; import android.os.IBinder; public class MsgService extends Service { /** * 進度條的最大值 */ public static final int MAX_PROGRESS = 100; /** * 進度條的進度值 */ private int progress = 0; /** * 更新進度的回調接口 */ private OnProgressListener onProgressListener; /** * 註冊回調接口的方法,供外部調用 * @param onProgressListener */ public void setOnProgressListener(OnProgressListener onProgressListener) { this.onProgressListener = onProgressListener; } /** * 增長get()方法,供Activity調用 * @return 下載進度 */ public int getProgress() { return progress; } /** * 模擬下載任務,每秒鐘更新一次 */ public void startDownLoad(){ new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { while(progress < MAX_PROGRESS){ progress += 5; //進度發生變化通知調用方 if(onProgressListener != null){ onProgressListener.onProgress(progress); } try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }).start(); } /** * 返回一個Binder對象 */ @Override public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) { return new MsgBinder(); } public class MsgBinder extends Binder{ /** * 獲取當前Service的實例 * @return */ public MsgService getService(){ return MsgService.this; } } }
Activity中的代碼以下
package com.example.communication; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.ComponentName; import android.content.Context; import android.content.Intent; import android.content.ServiceConnection; import android.os.Bundle; import android.os.IBinder; import android.view.View; import android.view.View.OnClickListener; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.ProgressBar; public class MainActivity extends Activity { private MsgService msgService; private ProgressBar mProgressBar; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); //綁定Service Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.communication.MSG_ACTION"); bindService(intent, conn, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE); mProgressBar = (ProgressBar) findViewById(R.id.progressBar1); Button mButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button1); mButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { //開始下載 msgService.startDownLoad(); } }); } ServiceConnection conn = new ServiceConnection() { @Override public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) { } @Override public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) { //返回一個MsgService對象 msgService = ((MsgService.MsgBinder)service).getService(); //註冊回調接口來接收下載進度的變化 msgService.setOnProgressListener(new OnProgressListener() { @Override public void onProgress(int progress) { mProgressBar.setProgress(progress); } }); } }; @Override protected void onDestroy() { unbindService(conn); super.onDestroy(); } }
用回調接口是否是更加的方便呢,當進度發生變化的時候Service主動通知Activity,Activity就能夠更新UI操做了
當咱們的進度發生變化的時候咱們發送一條廣播,而後在Activity的註冊廣播接收器,接收到廣播以後更新ProgressBar,代碼以下
package com.example.communication; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.BroadcastReceiver; import android.content.Context; import android.content.Intent; import android.content.IntentFilter; import android.os.Bundle; import android.view.View; import android.view.View.OnClickListener; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.ProgressBar; public class MainActivity extends Activity { private ProgressBar mProgressBar; private Intent mIntent; private MsgReceiver msgReceiver; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); //動態註冊廣播接收器 msgReceiver = new MsgReceiver(); IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter(); intentFilter.addAction("com.example.communication.RECEIVER"); registerReceiver(msgReceiver, intentFilter); mProgressBar = (ProgressBar) findViewById(R.id.progressBar1); Button mButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button1); mButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { //啓動服務 mIntent = new Intent("com.example.communication.MSG_ACTION"); startService(mIntent); } }); } @Override protected void onDestroy() { //中止服務 stopService(mIntent); //註銷廣播 unregisterReceiver(msgReceiver); super.onDestroy(); } /** * 廣播接收器 * @author len * */ public class MsgReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{ @Override public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { //拿到進度,更新UI int progress = intent.getIntExtra("progress", 0); mProgressBar.setProgress(progress); } } }
package com.example.communication; import android.app.Service; import android.content.Intent; import android.os.IBinder; public class MsgService extends Service { /** * 進度條的最大值 */ public static final int MAX_PROGRESS = 100; /** * 進度條的進度值 */ private int progress = 0; private Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.communication.RECEIVER"); /** * 模擬下載任務,每秒鐘更新一次 */ public void startDownLoad(){ new Thread(new Runnable() { @Override public void run() { while(progress < MAX_PROGRESS){ progress += 5; //發送Action爲com.example.communication.RECEIVER的廣播 intent.putExtra("progress", progress); sendBroadcast(intent); try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }).start(); } @Override public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) { startDownLoad(); return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId); } @Override public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) { return null; } }
總結: