在Android中,Activity主要負責前臺頁面的展現,Service主要負責須要長期運行的任務,因此在咱們實際開發中,就會經常遇到Activity與Service之間的通訊,咱們通常在Activity中啓動後臺Service,經過Intent來啓動,Intent中咱們能夠傳遞數據給Service,而當咱們Service執行某些操做以後想要更新UI線程,咱們應該怎麼作呢?接下來我就介紹兩種方式來實現Service與Activity之間的通訊問題 java
當Activity經過調用bindService(Intent service, ServiceConnection conn,int flags),咱們能夠獲得一個Service的一個對象實例,而後咱們就能夠訪問Service中的方法,咱們仍是經過一個例子來理解一下吧,一個模擬下載的小例子,帶你們理解一下經過Binder通訊的方式 android
首先咱們新建一個工程Communication,而後新建一個Service類 app
- <span style="font-family:System;">package com.example.communication;
-
- import android.app.Service;
- import android.content.Intent;
- import android.os.Binder;
- import android.os.IBinder;
-
- public class MsgService extends Service {
- /**
- * 進度條的最大值
- */
- public static final int MAX_PROGRESS = 100;
- /**
- * 進度條的進度值
- */
- private int progress = 0;
-
- /**
- * 增長get()方法,供Activity調用
- * @return 下載進度
- */
- public int getProgress() {
- return progress;
- }
-
- /**
- * 模擬下載任務,每秒鐘更新一次
- */
- public void startDownLoad(){
- new Thread(new Runnable() {
-
- @Override
- public void run() {
- while(progress < MAX_PROGRESS){
- progress += 5;
- try {
- Thread.sleep(1000);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
-
- }
- }
- }).start();
- }
-
-
- /**
- * 返回一個Binder對象
- */
- @Override
- public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
- return new MsgBinder();
- }
-
- public class MsgBinder extends Binder{
- /**
- * 獲取當前Service的實例
- * @return
- */
- public MsgService getService(){
- return MsgService.this;
- }
- }
-
- }</span>
上面的代碼比較簡單,註釋也比較詳細,最基本的Service的應用了,相信你看得懂的,咱們調用startDownLoad()方法來模擬下載任務,而後每秒更新一次進度,但這是在後臺進行中,咱們是看不到的,因此有時候咱們須要他能在前臺顯示下載的進度問題,因此咱們接下來就用到Activity了
- Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.communication.MSG_ACTION");
- bindService(intent, conn, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
經過上面的代碼咱們就在Activity綁定了一個Service,上面須要一個ServiceConnection對象,它是一個接口,咱們這裏使用了匿名內部類
- <span style="font-family:System;"> ServiceConnection conn = new ServiceConnection() {
-
- @Override
- public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
-
- }
-
- @Override
- public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
- //返回一個MsgService對象
- msgService = ((MsgService.MsgBinder)service).getService();
-
- }
- };</span>
在onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) 回調方法中,返回了一個MsgService中的Binder對象,咱們能夠經過getService()方法來獲得一個MsgService對象,而後能夠調用MsgService中的一些方法,Activity的代碼以下 ide
- <span style="font-family:System;">package com.example.communication;
-
- import android.app.Activity;
- import android.content.ComponentName;
- import android.content.Context;
- import android.content.Intent;
- import android.content.ServiceConnection;
- import android.os.Bundle;
- import android.os.IBinder;
- import android.view.View;
- import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
- import android.widget.Button;
- import android.widget.ProgressBar;
-
- public class MainActivity extends Activity {
- private MsgService msgService;
- private int progress = 0;
- private ProgressBar mProgressBar;
-
-
- @Override
- protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
-
-
- //綁定Service
- Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.communication.MSG_ACTION");
- bindService(intent, conn, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
-
-
- mProgressBar = (ProgressBar) findViewById(R.id.progressBar1);
- Button mButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button1);
- mButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
-
- @Override
- public void onClick(View v) {
- //開始下載
- msgService.startDownLoad();
- //監聽進度
- listenProgress();
- }
- });
-
- }
-
-
- /**
- * 監聽進度,每秒鐘獲取調用MsgService的getProgress()方法來獲取進度,更新UI
- */
- public void listenProgress(){
- new Thread(new Runnable() {
-
- @Override
- public void run() {
- while(progress < MsgService.MAX_PROGRESS){
- progress = msgService.getProgress();
- mProgressBar.setProgress(progress);
- try {
- Thread.sleep(1000);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
-
- }
- }).start();
- }
-
- ServiceConnection conn = new ServiceConnection() {
- @Override
- public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
-
- }
-
- @Override
- public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
- //返回一個MsgService對象
- msgService = ((MsgService.MsgBinder)service).getService();
-
- }
- };
-
- @Override
- protected void onDestroy() {
- unbindService(conn);
- super.onDestroy();
- }
-
-
- }</span><span style="font-family: simsun;">
- </span>
其實上面的代碼我仍是有點疑問,就是監聽進度變化的那個方法我是直接在線程中更新UI的,不是說不能在其餘線程更新UI操做嗎,多是ProgressBar比較特殊吧,我也沒去研究它的源碼,知道的朋友能夠告訴我一聲,謝謝!
上面的代碼就完成了在Service更新UI的操做,但是你發現了沒有,咱們每次都要主動調用getProgress()來獲取進度值,而後隔一秒在調用一次getProgress()方法,你會不會以爲很被動呢?可不能夠有一種方法當Service中進度發生變化主動通知Activity,答案是確定的,咱們能夠利用回調接口實現Service的主動通知,不理解回調方法的能夠看看http://blog.csdn.net/xiaanming/article/details/8703708 this
新建一個回調接口 spa
- public interface OnProgressListener {
- void onProgress(int progress);
- }
MsgService的代碼有一些小小的改變,爲了方便你們看懂,我仍是將全部代碼貼出來
- <span style="font-family:System;">package com.example.communication;
-
- import android.app.Service;
- import android.content.Intent;
- import android.os.Binder;
- import android.os.IBinder;
-
- public class MsgService extends Service {
- /**
- * 進度條的最大值
- */
- public static final int MAX_PROGRESS = 100;
- /**
- * 進度條的進度值
- */
- private int progress = 0;
-
- /**
- * 更新進度的回調接口
- */
- private OnProgressListener onProgressListener;
-
-
- /**
- * 註冊回調接口的方法,供外部調用
- * @param onProgressListener
- */
- public void setOnProgressListener(OnProgressListener onProgressListener) {
- this.onProgressListener = onProgressListener;
- }
-
- /**
- * 增長get()方法,供Activity調用
- * @return 下載進度
- */
- public int getProgress() {
- return progress;
- }
-
- /**
- * 模擬下載任務,每秒鐘更新一次
- */
- public void startDownLoad(){
- new Thread(new Runnable() {
-
- @Override
- public void run() {
- while(progress < MAX_PROGRESS){
- progress += 5;
-
- //進度發生變化通知調用方
- if(onProgressListener != null){
- onProgressListener.onProgress(progress);
- }
-
- try {
- Thread.sleep(1000);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
-
- }
- }
- }).start();
- }
-
-
- /**
- * 返回一個Binder對象
- */
- @Override
- public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
- return new MsgBinder();
- }
-
- public class MsgBinder extends Binder{
- /**
- * 獲取當前Service的實例
- * @return
- */
- public MsgService getService(){
- return MsgService.this;
- }
- }
-
- }</span>
Activity中的代碼以下
- <span style="font-family:System;">package com.example.communication;
-
- import android.app.Activity;
- import android.content.ComponentName;
- import android.content.Context;
- import android.content.Intent;
- import android.content.ServiceConnection;
- import android.os.Bundle;
- import android.os.IBinder;
- import android.view.View;
- import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
- import android.widget.Button;
- import android.widget.ProgressBar;
-
- public class MainActivity extends Activity {
- private MsgService msgService;
- private ProgressBar mProgressBar;
-
-
- @Override
- protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
-
-
- //綁定Service
- Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.communication.MSG_ACTION");
- bindService(intent, conn, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
-
-
- mProgressBar = (ProgressBar) findViewById(R.id.progressBar1);
- Button mButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button1);
- mButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
-
- @Override
- public void onClick(View v) {
- //開始下載
- msgService.startDownLoad();
- }
- });
-
- }
-
-
- ServiceConnection conn = new ServiceConnection() {
- @Override
- public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
-
- }
-
- @Override
- public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
- //返回一個MsgService對象
- msgService = ((MsgService.MsgBinder)service).getService();
-
- //註冊回調接口來接收下載進度的變化
- msgService.setOnProgressListener(new OnProgressListener() {
-
- @Override
- public void onProgress(int progress) {
- mProgressBar.setProgress(progress);
-
- }
- });
-
- }
- };
-
- @Override
- protected void onDestroy() {
- unbindService(conn);
- super.onDestroy();
- }
-
-
- }
- </span>
用回調接口是否是更加的方便呢,當進度發生變化的時候Service主動通知Activity,Activity就能夠更新UI操做了
當咱們的進度發生變化的時候咱們發送一條廣播,而後在Activity的註冊廣播接收器,接收到廣播以後更新ProgressBar,代碼以下 .net
- package com.example.communication;
- <span style="font-family:System;">
- import android.app.Activity;
- import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
- import android.content.Context;
- import android.content.Intent;
- import android.content.IntentFilter;
- import android.os.Bundle;
- import android.view.View;
- import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
- import android.widget.Button;
- import android.widget.ProgressBar;
-
- public class MainActivity extends Activity {
- private ProgressBar mProgressBar;
- private Intent mIntent;
- private MsgReceiver msgReceiver;
-
-
- @Override
- protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
-
- //動態註冊廣播接收器
- msgReceiver = new MsgReceiver();
- IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
- intentFilter.addAction("com.example.communication.RECEIVER");
- registerReceiver(msgReceiver, intentFilter);
-
-
- mProgressBar = (ProgressBar) findViewById(R.id.progressBar1);
- Button mButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button1);
- mButton.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
-
- @Override
- public void onClick(View v) {
- //啓動服務
- mIntent = new Intent("com.example.communication.MSG_ACTION");
- startService(mIntent);
- }
- });
-
- }
-
-
- @Override
- protected void onDestroy() {
- //中止服務
- stopService(mIntent);
- //註銷廣播
- unregisterReceiver(msgReceiver);
- super.onDestroy();
- }
-
-
- /**
- * 廣播接收器
- * @author len
- *
- */
- public class MsgReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{
-
- @Override
- public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
- //拿到進度,更新UI
- int progress = intent.getIntExtra("progress", 0);
- mProgressBar.setProgress(progress);
- }
-
- }
-
- }
- </span>
- <span style="font-family:System;">package com.example.communication;
-
- import android.app.Service;
- import android.content.Intent;
- import android.os.IBinder;
-
- public class MsgService extends Service {
- /**
- * 進度條的最大值
- */
- public static final int MAX_PROGRESS = 100;
- /**
- * 進度條的進度值
- */
- private int progress = 0;
-
- private Intent intent = new Intent("com.example.communication.RECEIVER");
-
-
- /**
- * 模擬下載任務,每秒鐘更新一次
- */
- public void startDownLoad(){
- new Thread(new Runnable() {
-
- @Override
- public void run() {
- while(progress < MAX_PROGRESS){
- progress += 5;
-
- //發送Action爲com.example.communication.RECEIVER的廣播
- intent.putExtra("progress", progress);
- sendBroadcast(intent);
-
- try {
- Thread.sleep(1000);
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
-
- }
- }
- }).start();
- }
-
-
-
- @Override
- public int onStartCommand(Intent intent, int flags, int startId) {
- startDownLoad();
- return super.onStartCommand(intent, flags, startId);
- }
-
-
-
- @Override
- public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
- return null;
- }
-
-
- }</span>
總結:
- Activity調用bindService (Intent service, ServiceConnection conn, int flags)方法,獲得Service對象的一個引用,這樣Activity能夠直接調用到Service中的方法,若是要主動通知Activity,咱們能夠利用回調方法
- Service向Activity發送消息,可使用廣播,固然Activity要註冊相應的接收器。好比Service要向多個Activity發送一樣的消息的話,用這種方法就更好