一般來講,http請求的本質就是基於Socketpython
Django的視圖函數,能夠基於FBV模式,也能夠基於CBV模式。django
基於FBV的模式就是在Django的路由映射表裏進行url和視圖函數的關聯,而基於CBV的模式則是在views.py文件中定義視圖類,在視圖類中視圖函數,如get,post,put,delete等瀏覽器
使用Django新建一個項目,新建一個路由映射app
from django.conf.urls import url from django.contrib import admin from app01 import views urlpatterns = [ url(r'^cbv/$',views.CBV.as_view()) ]
對應的views.py文件內容:函數
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse from django.views import View class CBV(View): def get(self,request): return HttpResponse("GET") def post(self,request): return HttpResponse("POST")
啓動項目,使用瀏覽器請求URLhttp://127.0.0.1:8000/cbv/
,瀏覽器顯示結果爲:post
請求到達Django會先執行Django中間件裏的方法,而後進行進行路由匹配。url
在路由匹配完成後,會執行CBV類中的as_view方法。spa
CBV中並無定義as_view
方法,因爲CBV繼承自Django的View
,因此會執行Django的View類中的as_view方法
3d
Django的View類的as_view方法的部分源碼code
class View(object): """ Intentionally simple parent class for all views. Only implements dispatch-by-method and simple sanity checking. """ http_method_names = ['get', 'post', 'put', 'patch', 'delete', 'head', 'options', 'trace'] def __init__(self, **kwargs): """ Constructor. Called in the URLconf; can contain helpful extra keyword arguments, and other things. """ # Go through keyword arguments, and either save their values to our # instance, or raise an error. for key, value in six.iteritems(kwargs): setattr(self, key, value) @classonlymethod def as_view(cls, **initkwargs): """ Main entry point for a request-response process. """ for key in initkwargs: if key in cls.http_method_names: raise TypeError("You tried to pass in the %s method name as a " "keyword argument to %s(). Don't do that." % (key, cls.__name__)) if not hasattr(cls, key): raise TypeError("%s() received an invalid keyword %r. as_view " "only accepts arguments that are already " "attributes of the class." % (cls.__name__, key)) def view(request, *args, **kwargs): self = cls(**initkwargs) if hasattr(self, 'get') and not hasattr(self, 'head'): self.head = self.get self.request = request self.args = args self.kwargs = kwargs return self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs) view.view_class = cls view.view_initkwargs = initkwargs # take name and docstring from class update_wrapper(view, cls, updated=()) # and possible attributes set by decorators # like csrf_exempt from dispatch update_wrapper(view, cls.dispatch, assigned=()) return view
從View的源碼能夠看出,在View類中,先定義了http請求的八種方法
http_method_names = ['get', 'post', 'put', 'patch', 'delete', 'head', 'options', 'trace']
在as_view方法
中進行判斷,若是請求的方法沒在http_method_names
中,則會拋出異常,這裏的cls實際上指的是自定義的CBV類
接着as_view方法中又定義view方法,在view方法中對CBV類進行實例化,獲得self對象,而後在self對象中封裝瀏覽器發送的request請求
self = cls(**initkwargs)
最後又調用了self對象中的dispatch方法並返回dispatch方法的值來對request進行處理
此時,因爲self對象就是CBV實例化獲得,因此會先執行自定義的CBV類中的dispatch方法。若是CBV類中沒有定義dispatch方法則執行Django的View中的dispatch方法
Django的View中的dispatch方法源碼
class View(object): """ 中間省略 """ def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs): # Try to dispatch to the right method; if a method doesn't exist, # defer to the error handler. Also defer to the error handler if the # request method isn't on the approved list. if request.method.lower() in self.http_method_names: handler = getattr(self, request.method.lower(), self.http_method_not_allowed) else: handler = self.http_method_not_allowed return handler(request, *args, **kwargs)
在dispatch方法中,把request.method轉換爲小寫再判斷是否在定義的http_method_names中,若是request.method存在於http_method_names中,則使用getattr反射的方式來獲得handler
在這裏的dispatch方法中,self指的是自定義的CBV類實例化獲得的對象
從CBV類中獲取request.method對應的方法,再執行CBV中的方法並返回
由此,能夠知道若是在Django項目中使用CBV的模式,實際上調用了getattr的方式來執行獲取類中的請求方法對應的函數
結論:
CBV基於反射實現根據請求方式不一樣,執行不一樣的方法
若是想在基於CBV模式的項目中在請求某個url時執行一些操做,則能夠在url對應的類中定義dispatch方法
修改views.py文件
class CBV(View): def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs): func = getattr(self,request.method.lower()) return func(request,*args,**kwargs) def get(self,request): return HttpResponse("GET") def post(self,request): return HttpResponse("POST")
也能夠使用繼承的方式重寫dispatch方法:
class CBV(View): def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs): print("before") res = super(CBV, self).dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs) print("after") return res def get(self,request): return HttpResponse("GET") def post(self,request): return HttpResponse("POST")
刷新瀏覽器,Django後臺打印結果以下:
瀏覽器頁面結果
同理,若是有基於CBV的多個類,而且有多個類共用的功能,爲了不重複,能夠單獨定義一個類,在這個類中重寫dispatch方法,而後讓url對應的視圖類繼承這個類
修改urls.py文件
from django.conf.urls import url from django.contrib import admin from app01 import views urlpatterns = [ url(r'^cbv1/$',views.CBV1.as_view()), url(r'^cbv2/$',views.CBV2.as_view()), ]
views.py文件內容
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse from django.views import View class BaseView(object): def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs): func = getattr(self, request.method.lower()) return func(request, *args, **kwargs) class CBV1(BaseView,View): def get(self,request): return HttpResponse("CBV1 GET") def post(self,request): return HttpResponse("CBV1 POST") class CBV2(BaseView,View): def get(self,request): return HttpResponse("CBV2 GET") def post(self,request): return HttpResponse("CBV2 POST")
經過python的面向對象能夠知道,請求到達視圖類時,會先執行CBV1和CBV2類中的dispatch方法,然而CBV1和CBV2類中並無dispatch方法,則會按照順序在父類中查找dispatch方法,此時就會執行BaseView類中的dispatch方法了
用瀏覽器請求urlhttp://127.0.0.1:8000/cbv1/
,瀏覽器頁面顯示
用瀏覽器請求urlhttp://127.0.0.1:8000/cbv2/
,瀏覽器頁面顯示