Django CBV模式的源碼解析
一般來講,http請求的本質就是基於Socketpython
Django的視圖函數,能夠基於FBV模式,也能夠基於CBV模式。django
基於FBV的模式就是在Django的路由映射表裏進行url和視圖函數的關聯,而基於CBV的模式則是在views.py文件中定義視圖類,在視圖類中視圖函數,如get,post,put,delete等瀏覽器
使用Django新建一個項目,新建一個路由映射markdown
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^cbv/$',views.CBV.as_view())
]
對應的views.py文件內容:app
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from django.views import View
class CBV(View):
def get(self,request):
return HttpResponse("GET")
def post(self,request):
return HttpResponse("POST")
啓動項目,使用瀏覽器請求URLhttp://127.0.0.1:8000/cbv/
,瀏覽器顯示結果爲:函數
請求到達Django會先執行Django中間件裏的方法,而後進行進行路由匹配。post
在路由匹配完成後,會執行CBV類中的as_view方法。url
CBV中並無定義as_view
方法,因爲CBV繼承自Django的View
,因此會執行Django的View類中的as_view方法
spa
Django的View類的as_view方法的部分源碼code
class View(object):
""" Intentionally simple parent class for all views. Only implements dispatch-by-method and simple sanity checking. """
http_method_names = ['get', 'post', 'put', 'patch', 'delete', 'head', 'options', 'trace']
def __init__(self, **kwargs):
""" Constructor. Called in the URLconf; can contain helpful extra keyword arguments, and other things. """
# Go through keyword arguments, and either save their values to our
# instance, or raise an error.
for key, value in six.iteritems(kwargs):
setattr(self, key, value)
@classonlymethod
def as_view(cls, **initkwargs):
""" Main entry point for a request-response process. """
for key in initkwargs:
if key in cls.http_method_names:
raise TypeError("You tried to pass in the %s method name as a "
"keyword argument to %s(). Don't do that."
% (key, cls.__name__))
if not hasattr(cls, key):
raise TypeError("%s() received an invalid keyword %r. as_view "
"only accepts arguments that are already "
"attributes of the class." % (cls.__name__, key))
def view(request, *args, **kwargs):
self = cls(**initkwargs)
if hasattr(self, 'get') and not hasattr(self, 'head'):
self.head = self.get
self.request = request
self.args = args
self.kwargs = kwargs
return self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
view.view_class = cls
view.view_initkwargs = initkwargs
# take name and docstring from class
update_wrapper(view, cls, updated=())
# and possible attributes set by decorators
# like csrf_exempt from dispatch
update_wrapper(view, cls.dispatch, assigned=())
return view
從View的源碼能夠看出,在View類中,先定義了http請求的八種方法
http_method_names = ['get', 'post', 'put', 'patch', 'delete', 'head', 'options', 'trace']
在as_view方法
中進行判斷,若是請求的方法沒在http_method_names
中,則會拋出異常,這裏的cls實際上指的是自定義的CBV類
接着as_view方法中又定義view方法,在view方法中對CBV類進行實例化,獲得self對象,而後在self對象中封裝瀏覽器發送的request請求
self = cls(**initkwargs)
最後又調用了self對象中的dispatch方法並返回dispatch方法的值來對request進行處理
此時,因爲self對象就是CBV實例化獲得,因此會先執行自定義的CBV類中的dispatch方法。若是CBV類中沒有定義dispatch方法則執行Django的View中的dispatch方法
Django的View中的dispatch方法源碼
class View(object):
""" 中間省略 """
def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
# Try to dispatch to the right method; if a method doesn't exist,
# defer to the error handler. Also defer to the error handler if the
# request method isn't on the approved list.
if request.method.lower() in self.http_method_names:
handler = getattr(self, request.method.lower(), self.http_method_not_allowed)
else:
handler = self.http_method_not_allowed
return handler(request, *args, **kwargs)
在dispatch方法中,把request.method轉換爲小寫再判斷是否在定義的http_method_names中,若是request.method存在於http_method_names中,則使用getattr反射的方式來獲得handler
在這裏的dispatch方法中,self指的是自定義的CBV類實例化獲得的對象
從CBV類中獲取request.method對應的方法,再執行CBV中的方法並返回
由此,能夠知道若是在Django項目中使用CBV的模式,實際上調用了getattr的方式來執行獲取類中的請求方法對應的函數
結論:
CBV基於反射實現根據請求方式不一樣,執行不一樣的方法
自定義dispatch方法
若是想在基於CBV模式的項目中在請求某個url時執行一些操做,則能夠在url對應的類中定義dispatch方法
修改views.py文件
class CBV(View):
def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
func = getattr(self,request.method.lower())
return func(request,*args,**kwargs)
def get(self,request):
return HttpResponse("GET")
def post(self,request):
return HttpResponse("POST")
也能夠使用繼承的方式重寫dispatch方法:
class CBV(View):
def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
print("before")
res = super(CBV, self).dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs)
print("after")
return res
def get(self,request):
return HttpResponse("GET")
def post(self,request):
return HttpResponse("POST")
刷新瀏覽器,Django後臺打印結果以下:
瀏覽器頁面結果
同理,若是有基於CBV的多個類,而且有多個類共用的功能,爲了不重複,能夠單獨定義一個類,在這個類中重寫dispatch方法,而後讓url對應的視圖類繼承這個類
修改urls.py文件
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^cbv1/$',views.CBV1.as_view()),
url(r'^cbv2/$',views.CBV2.as_view()),
]
views.py文件內容
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from django.views import View
class BaseView(object):
def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
func = getattr(self, request.method.lower())
return func(request, *args, **kwargs)
class CBV1(BaseView,View):
def get(self,request):
return HttpResponse("CBV1 GET")
def post(self,request):
return HttpResponse("CBV1 POST")
class CBV2(BaseView,View):
def get(self,request):
return HttpResponse("CBV2 GET")
def post(self,request):
return HttpResponse("CBV2 POST")
經過python的面向對象能夠知道,請求到達視圖類時,會先執行CBV1和CBV2類中的dispatch方法,然而CBV1和CBV2類中並無dispatch方法,則會按照順序在父類中查找dispatch方法,此時就會執行BaseView類中的dispatch方法了
用瀏覽器請求urlhttp://127.0.0.1:8000/cbv1/
,瀏覽器頁面顯示
用瀏覽器請求urlhttp://127.0.0.1:8000/cbv2/
,瀏覽器頁面顯示