lfs（systemd版本）學習筆記-第4頁

lfs（systemd版本）學習筆記-第3頁 的地址:http://www.javashuo.com/article/p-slhiylnx-g.html

第7.2章節

網絡配置

1.網絡設備命名

cat > /etc/systemd/network/10-ether0.link << "EOF"
[Match]
# Change the MAC address as appropriate for your network device
MACAddress=12:34:45:78:90:AB（更改成網卡的mac號，在主機使用ifconfig查看）

[Link]
Name=ether0（更改成網卡的名字，在主機使用ifconfig查看）
EOF

2.靜態ip配置

cat > /etc/systemd/network/10-eth-static.network << "EOF"
[Match]
Name=<network-device-name>

[Network]
Address=192.168.0.2/24
Gateway=192.168.0.1
DNS=192.168.0.1（使用靜態/etc/resolv.conf文件，這個選項能夠去掉）
Domains=<Your Domain Name>
EOF

3.dhcp配置

cat > /etc/systemd/network/10-eth-dhcp.network << "EOF"
[Match]
Name=<network-device-name>

[Network]
DHCP=ipv4

[DHCP]
UseDomains=true
EOF

4.systemd-resolved配置

ln -sfv /run/systemd/resolve/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf

5.靜態resolv.conf配置

cat > /etc/resolv.conf << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/resolv.conf

domain <Your Domain Name>
nameserver 8.8.8.8
nameserver 8.8.4.4
# End /etc/resolv.conf
EOF

6.配置主機名字

echo "<lfs>" > /etc/hostname

<lfs>更換爲主機名字

7.建立/etc/hosts文件

（1）使用dhcp自動分配

cat > /etc/hosts << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost 127.0.1.1 <FQDN> <HOSTNAME> <192.168.1.1> <FQDN> <HOSTNAME> [alias1] [alias2 ...] ::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback ff02::1 ip6-allnodes ff02::2 ip6-allrouters # End /etc/hosts EOF

（2）使用靜態地址

cat > /etc/hosts << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1 localhost
127.0.1.1 <FQDN> <HOSTNAME>
<192.168.0.2> <FQDN> <HOSTNAME> [alias1] [alias2] ...
::1       localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
ff02::1   ip6-allnodes
ff02::2   ip6-allrouters

# End /etc/hosts
EOF

第7.5章節

若是電腦上面是多系統，而且有windows系統，就不要使用系統硬件時間做爲系統時間（會有時差）。若是沒有windows系統不須要更改。具體內容參見：個人linux時間綜述筆記地址：http://www.javashuo.com/article/p-toedddtb-en.html

硬件時間設置爲本地時間

cat > /etc/adjtime << "EOF"
0.0 0 0.0
0
LOCAL
EOF

第7.7章節 

配置語言環境

運行如下命令獲取Glibc支持的全部語言環境的列表：

locale -a

結果：

C
en_US.utf8
POSIX
zh_CN.utf8

這裏咱們選擇en_US.utf8

如下是對對所選擇的語言的測試

LC_ALL=<locale name> locale charmap

LC_ALL=<locale name> locale language
LC_ALL=<locale name> locale charmap
LC_ALL=<locale name> locale int_curr_symbol
LC_ALL=<locale name> locale int_prefix

肯定正確的區域設置後，建立 /etc/profile文件：

cat > /etc/locale.conf << "EOF"
LANG=en_US.utf8 
EOF

第7.8章節

1.建立/etc/inputrc配置文件

cat > /etc/inputrc << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/inputrc # Modified by Chris Lynn <roryo@roryo.dynup.net> # Allow the command prompt to wrap to the next line set horizontal-scroll-mode Off # Enable 8bit input set meta-flag On set input-meta On # Turns off 8th bit stripping set convert-meta Off # Keep the 8th bit for display set output-meta On # none, visible or audible set bell-style none # All of the following map the escape sequence of the value # contained in the 1st argument to the readline specific functions "\eOd": backward-word "\eOc": forward-word # for linux console "\e[1~": beginning-of-line "\e[4~": end-of-line "\e[5~": beginning-of-history "\e[6~": end-of-history "\e[3~": delete-char "\e[2~": quoted-insert # for xterm "\eOH": beginning-of-line "\eOF": end-of-line # for Konsole "\e[H": beginning-of-line "\e[F": end-of-line # End /etc/inputrc EOF

第7.9章節

1.建立/etc/shells文件

cat > /etc/shells << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/shells /bin/sh /bin/bash # End /etc/shells EOF

第7.10章節

1.引導時禁用屏幕清除

mkdir -pv /etc/systemd/system/getty@tty1.service.d

cat > /etc/systemd/system/getty@tty1.service.d/noclear.conf << EOF
[Service]
TTYVTDisallocate=no
EOF

2.禁用/ tmp的tmpfs

ln -sfv /dev/null /etc/systemd/system/tmp.mount

第8.2章節

1.更改成lfs所建立的分區到相應位置便可（這個文件是配置lfs開機自動掛載的分區）

cat > /etc/fstab << "EOF"

EOF# Begin /etc/fstab # file system mount-point type options dump fsck # order /dev/<xxx> / <fff> defaults 1 1 /dev/<yyy> swap swap pri=1 0 0 # End /etc/fstab<xxx><fff><yyy>

第8.3章節

配置編譯安裝linux內核

1.首先進入sources目錄

cd   /sources

2.解壓內核文件壓縮包

tar  -xvf linux-4.20.12.tar.xz

3.進入內核包目錄

cd linux-4.20.12

4.準備編譯

make mrproper

5.設置默認內核配置狀態

make defconfig

6.設置內核也能夠經過修改.config文件來進行設置

make menuconfig

7.設置書中提供的如下選項

General setup -->
   [ ] Enable deprecated sysfs features to support old userspace tools [CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED]
   [ ] Enable deprecated sysfs features by default [CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED_V2]
   [*] open by fhandle syscalls [CONFIG_FHANDLE]
   [ ] Auditing support [CONFIG_AUDIT]
   [*] Control Group support [CONFIG_CGROUPS]
Processor type and features  --->
   [*] Enable seccomp to safely compute untrusted bytecode [CONFIG_SECCOMP]
Networking support  --->
  Networking options  --->
   <*> The IPv6 protocol [CONFIG_IPV6]
Device Drivers  --->
  Generic Driver Options  --->
   [ ] Support for uevent helper [CONFIG_UEVENT_HELPER]
   [*] Maintain a devtmpfs filesystem to mount at /dev [CONFIG_DEVTMPFS]
   [ ] Fallback user-helper invocation for firmware loading [CONFIG_FW_LOADER_USER_HELPER]
Firmware Drivers  --->
   [*] Export DMI identification via sysfs to userspace [CONFIG_DMIID]
File systems  --->
   [*] Inotify support for userspace [CONFIG_INOTIFY_USER]
   <*> Kernel automounter version 4 support (also supports v3) [CONFIG_AUTOFS4_FS]
  Pseudo filesystems  --->
   [*] Tmpfs POSIX Access Control Lists [CONFIG_TMPFS_POSIX_ACL]
   [*] Tmpfs extended attributes [CONFIG_TMPFS_XATTR]
Kernel hacking  --->
       Choose kernel unwinder (Frame pointer unwinder)  ---> [CONFIG_UNWINDER_FRAME_POINTER]

8.若是您的主機硬件使用UEFI，請自行添加此項設置

Processor type and features  --->
   [*]   EFI stub support  [CONFIG_EFI_STUB]

9.設置調整完保存退出便可

10.編譯內核映像和模塊

make -j8

11.安裝配置模塊

make modules_install

12.複製一些內核的啓動文件到boot分區

cp -iv arch/x86/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuz-4.20.12-lfs-8.4-systemd

cp -iv System.map /boot/System.map-4.20.12

cp -iv .config /boot/config-4.20.12

13.安裝Linux內核的文檔：

install -d /usr/share/doc/linux-4.20.12
cp -r Documentation/* /usr/share/doc/linux-4.20.12

14.配置linux模塊加載順序

install -v -m755 -d /etc/modprobe.d
cat > /etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf

install ohci_hcd /sbin/modprobe ehci_hcd ; /sbin/modprobe -i ohci_hcd ; true
install uhci_hcd /sbin/modprobe ehci_hcd ; /sbin/modprobe -i uhci_hcd ; true

# End /etc/modprobe.d/usb.conf
EOF

15.返回sources目錄並刪除包目錄

cd $LFS/sources

rm -rf linux-4.20.12

第8.4章節

安裝配置grub引導

1.安裝grub引導到MBR

grub-install /dev/sda

2.建立grub配置文件

cat > /boot/grub/grub.cfg << "EOF"
# Begin /boot/grub/grub.cfg
set default=0
set timeout=5

insmod ext2
set root=(hd0,2)  括號裏面更改成你所安裝lfs的分區或boot分區 例如/dev/sda2爲（hd0,2）

menuentry "GNU/Linux, Linux 4.18.5-lfs-8.3" {
        linux   /boot/vmlinuz-4.18.5-lfs-8.3 root=/dev/sda2 ro（這裏的/dev/sda2更改成你所安裝lfs的分區號 例如/dev/sda2）
}               （若是boot單獨分區，則把這裏的/boot刪除。）

EOF

多系統引導文件示例：

cat > /boot/grub/grub.cfg << "EOF"
# Begin /boot/grub/grub.cfg set default=0 set timeout=5 menuentry "GNU/Linux, Linux 4.18.5-lfs-8.3" { insmod ext2 set root=(hd0,5) linux /vmlinuz-4.18.5-lfs-8.3 root=/dev/sda6 ro } menuentry 'Manjaro Linux'{ insmod ext2 set root='hd0,msdos9' linux /vmlinuz-4.19-x86_64 root=/dev/sda10 ro initrd /intel-ucode.img /initramfs-4.19-x86_64.img } menuentry 'Windows 7 (on /dev/sda1)'{ insmod ntfs set root='hd0,msdos1' chainloader +1 } EOF

第9.1章節

設置系統版本及版本號

cat > /etc/os-release << "EOF"
NAME="Linux From Scratch"
VERSION="8.4-systemd"
ID=lfs
PRETTY_NAME="Linux From Scratch 8.4-systemd"
VERSION_CODENAME="<your name here>"（括號裏改成本身起的名字）
EOF

echo 8.3-systemd > /etc/lfs-release

cat > /etc/lsb-release << "EOF"
DISTRIB_ID="Linux From Scratch"
DISTRIB_RELEASE="8.4-systemd"
DISTRIB_CODENAME="<your name here>"（括號裏改成本身起的名字）
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Linux From Scratch"
EOF

第9.3章節

運行下面的命令，退出chroot，卸載lfs的分區

exit

umount -v $LFS/dev/pts
umount -v $LFS/dev
umount -v $LFS/run
umount -v $LFS/proc
umount -v $LFS/sys

umount -v $LFS

umount -v $LFS/usr
umount -v $LFS/home
umount -v $LFS

重啓進入lfs系統

reboot

附錄

若是須要本機的grub引導lfs則在root用戶下運行如下命令建立lfs的引導項

須要安裝os-prober軟件包，並掛載lfs的分區，在運行下面命令，添加lfs的啓動項

grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

肯定添加完lfs引導項後，重啓機器進入lfs選項，便可進入lfs操做系統。