Android自定義控件以及控件屬性的自定義

自定義控件在android中無處不見，自定義控件給了咱們很大的方便。好比說，一個視圖爲imageview  ，imagebutton ,textview 等諸多控件的組合，用的地方有不少，咱們不可能每次都來寫3個的組合，既浪費時間，效率又低。在這種狀況下，咱們就能夠自定義一個view來替換他們，不只提高了效率而且在xml中運用也是至關的美觀。

1、控件自定義屬性介紹

如下示例中代碼均在values/attrs.xml 中定義，屬性都可隨意命名。

1. reference：參考某一資源ID。

示例：

            <declare-styleable name = "名稱">
                   <attr name = "background" format = "reference" />
                   <attr name = "src" format = "reference" />
            </declare-styleable>

2. color：顏色值。
示例：

            <declare-styleable name = "名稱">
                   <attr name = "textColor" format = "color" />
            </declare-styleable>

3. boolean：布爾值。
示例：

            <declare-styleable name = "名稱">
                   <attr name = "focusable" format = "boolean" />
            </declare-styleable>

4. dimension：尺寸值。
示例：         

   <declare-styleable name = "名稱">
                   <attr name = "layout_width" format = "dimension" />
            </declare-styleable>

5. float：浮點值。
示例：

            <declare-styleable name = "名稱">
                   <attr name = "fromAlpha" format = "float" />
                   <attr name = "toAlpha" format = "float" />
            </declare-styleable>

6. integer：整型值。
示例：

            <declare-styleable name = "名稱">
                   <attr name = "frameDuration" format="integer" />
                   <attr name = "framesCount" format="integer" />
            </declare-styleable>

7. string：字符串。
示例：

            <declare-styleable name = "名稱">
                   <attr name = "text" format = "string" />
            </declare-styleable>

8. fraction：百分數。
示例：

            <declare-styleable name="名稱">
                   <attr name = "pivotX" format = "fraction" />
                   <attr name = "pivotY" format = "fraction" />
            </declare-styleable>

9. enum：枚舉值。
示例：

            <declare-styleable name="名稱">
                   <attr name="orientation">
                          <enum name="horizontal" value="0" />
                          <enum name="vertical" value="1" />
                   </attr>          
            </declare-styleable>

10. flag：位或運算。

示例：

             <declare-styleable name="名稱">
                    <attr name="windowSoftInputMode">
                            <flag name = "stateUnspecified" value = "0" />
                            <flag name = "stateUnchanged" value = "1" />
                            <flag name = "stateHidden" value = "2" />
                            <flag name = "stateAlwaysHidden" value = "3" />
                     </attr>       
             </declare-styleable>

11.多類型。
示例：

            <declare-styleable name = "名稱">
                   <attr name = "background" format = "reference|color" />
            </declare-styleable>

2、屬性的使用以及自定義控件的實現

一、構思控件的組成元素，思考所需自定義的屬性。

       好比：我要作一個  <帶陰影的按鈕，按鈕正下方有文字說明>（相似9宮格按鈕） 

       新建values/attrs.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
    <declare-styleable name="custom_view">
        <attr name="custom_id" format="integer" />
        <attr name="src" format="reference" />
        <attr name="background" format="reference" />
        <attr name="text" format="string" />
        <attr name="textColor" format="color" />
        <attr name="textSize" format="dimension" />
    </declare-styleable>
</resources>

       以上，所定義爲custom_view，custom_id爲按鈕id，src爲按鈕，background爲陰影背景，text爲按鈕說明，textColor爲字體顏色，textSize爲字體大小。

二、怎麼自定義控件呢，怎麼使用這些屬性呢？話很少說請看代碼，CustomView ：

package com.nanlus.custom;

import com.nanlus.custom.R;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.res.TypedArray;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.graphics.drawable.Drawable;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.view.Gravity;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.FrameLayout;
import android.widget.ImageButton;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class CustomView extends FrameLayout implements OnClickListener {

 private CustomListener customListener = null;

 private Drawable mSrc = null, mBackground = null;
 private String mText = "";
 private int mTextColor = 0;
 private float mTextSize = 20;
 private int mCustomId = 0;

 private ImageView mBackgroundView = null;
 private ImageButton mButtonView = null;
 private TextView mTextView = null;

 private LayoutParams mParams = null;

 public CustomView(Context context) {
  super(context);

 }

 public CustomView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
  super(context, attrs);

  TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs,
    R.styleable.custom_view);

  mSrc = a.getDrawable(R.styleable.custom_view_src);
  mBackground = a.getDrawable(R.styleable.custom_view_background);
  mText = a.getString(R.styleable.custom_view_text);
  mTextColor = a.getColor(R.styleable.custom_view_textColor,
    Color.WHITE);
  mTextSize = a.getDimension(R.styleable.custom_view_textSize, 20);
  mCustomId = a.getInt(R.styleable.custom_view_custom_id, 0);

  mTextView = new TextView(context);
  mTextView.setTextSize(mTextSize);
  mTextView.setTextColor(mTextColor);
  mTextView.setText(mText);
  mTextView.setGravity(Gravity.CENTER);
  mTextView.setLayoutParams(new LayoutParams(LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT,
    LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT));

  mButtonView = new ImageButton(context);
  mButtonView.setImageDrawable(mSrc);
  mButtonView.setBackgroundDrawable(null);
  mButtonView.setLayoutParams(new LayoutParams(LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT,
    LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT));
  mButtonView.setOnClickListener(this);

  mBackgroundView = new ImageView(context);
  mBackgroundView.setImageDrawable(mBackground);
  mBackgroundView.setLayoutParams(new LayoutParams(
    LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT, LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT));

  addView(mBackgroundView);
  addView(mButtonView);
  addView(mTextView);

  this.setOnClickListener(this);

  a.recycle();
 }

 @Override
 protected void onAttachedToWindow() {
  super.onAttachedToWindow();

  mParams = (LayoutParams) mButtonView.getLayoutParams();
  if (mParams != null) {
   mParams.gravity = Gravity.CENTER_HORIZONTAL | Gravity.TOP;
   mButtonView.setLayoutParams(mParams);
  }

  mParams = (LayoutParams) mBackgroundView.getLayoutParams();
  if (mParams != null) {
   mParams.gravity = Gravity.CENTER_HORIZONTAL | Gravity.TOP;
   mBackgroundView.setLayoutParams(mParams);
  }

  mParams = (LayoutParams) mTextView.getLayoutParams();
  if (mParams != null) {
   mParams.gravity = Gravity.CENTER_HORIZONTAL | Gravity.BOTTOM;
   mTextView.setLayoutParams(mParams);
  }
 }

 public void setCustomListener(CustomListener l) {
  customListener = l;
 }

 @Override
 public void onClick(View v) {
  if (customListener != null) {
   customListener.onCuscomClick(v, mCustomId);
  }
 }

 public interface CustomListener {
  void onCuscomClick(View v, int custom_id);
 }
}

代碼很簡單，就很少說，下面來看看咱們的CustomView是怎麼用的，請看：

 
三、自定義控件的使用

      話很少說，請看代碼，main.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:nanlus="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.nanlus.custom"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent" >

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"
        &nbsp;android:layout_centerVertical="true"
        android:orientation="horizontal" >

        <com.nanlus.custom.CustomView
            android:id="@+id/custom1"
            android:layout_width="wrap_content"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:layout_weight="1"
            nanlus:background="@drawable/background"
            nanlus:custom_id="1"
            nanlus:src="@drawable/style_button"
            nanlus:text="按鈕1" >
        </com.nanlus.custom.CustomView>
    </LinearLayout>

</RelativeLayout>

在這裏須要解釋一下，

xmlns:nanlus="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.nanlus.custom"

nanlus爲在xml中的前綴，com.nanlus.custom爲包名

四、在Activity中，直接上代碼

package com.nanlus.custom;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.ImageButton;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;
import com.nanlus.BaseActivity;
import com.nanlus.custom.R;
import com.nanlus.custom.CustomView.CustomListener;

public class CustomActivity extends BaseActivity implements CustomListener {

 @Override
 protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
  super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

  setContentView(R.layout.main);

  ((CustomView) this.findViewById(R.id.custom1)).setCustomListener(this);
 }

 @Override
 public void onCuscomClick(View v, int custom_id) {
  switch (custom_id) {
  case 1:
   Toast.makeText(this, "hello !!!", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
   break;
  default:
   break;
  }

 }

}

至此，自定義控件屬性以及運用講解完畢，謝謝你們。本文連接：http://blog.csdn.net/nanlus/article/details/8219868