Java 內省(Introspector)深刻理解

Java 內省(Introspector)深刻理解java

一些概念:apache

  內省(Introspector) 是Java 語言對 JavaBean 類屬性、事件的一種缺省處理方法。工具

  JavaBean是一種特殊的類,主要用於傳遞數據信息,這種類中的方法主要用於訪問私有的字段,且方法名符合某種命名規則。若是在兩個模塊之間傳遞信息,能夠將信息封裝進JavaBean中,這種對象稱爲「值對象」(Value Object),或「VO」。方法比較少。這些信息儲存在類的私有變量中,經過set()、get()得到。測試

  例如類UserInfo :this

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package com.peidasoft.Introspector;
 
public class UserInfo {
   
   private long userId;
   private String userName;
   private int age;
   private String emailAddress;
   
   public long getUserId() {
     return userId;
   }
   public void setUserId( long userId) {
     this .userId = userId;
   }
   public String getUserName() {
     return userName;
   }
   public void setUserName(String userName) {
     this .userName = userName;
   }
   public int getAge() {
     return age;
   }
   public void setAge( int age) {
     this .age = age;
   }
   public String getEmailAddress() {
     return emailAddress;
   }
   public void setEmailAddress(String emailAddress) {
     this .emailAddress = emailAddress;
   }
   
}

  在類UserInfo中有屬性 userName, 那咱們能夠經過 getUserName,setUserName來獲得其值或者設置新的值。經過 getUserName/setUserName來訪問 userName屬性,這就是默認的規則。 Java JDK中提供了一套 API 用來訪問某個屬性的 getter/setter 方法,這就是內省。spa

  JDK內省類庫:.net

  PropertyDescriptor類:code

  PropertyDescriptor類表示JavaBean類經過存儲器導出一個屬性。主要方法:orm

      1. getPropertyType(),得到屬性的Class對象;
      2. getReadMethod(),得到用於讀取屬性值的方法;getWriteMethod(),得到用於寫入屬性值的方法;
      3. hashCode(),獲取對象的哈希值;
      4. setReadMethod(Method readMethod),設置用於讀取屬性值的方法;
      5. setWriteMethod(Method writeMethod),設置用於寫入屬性值的方法。htm

  實例代碼以下:

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package com.peidasoft.Introspector;
 
import java.beans.BeanInfo;
import java.beans.Introspector;
import java.beans.PropertyDescriptor;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 
public class BeanInfoUtil {
  
   public static void setProperty(UserInfo userInfo,String userName) throws Exception{
     PropertyDescriptor propDesc= new PropertyDescriptor(userName,UserInfo. class );
     Method methodSetUserName=propDesc.getWriteMethod();
     methodSetUserName.invoke(userInfo, "wong" );
     System.out.println( "set userName:" +userInfo.getUserName());
   }
  
   public static void getProperty(UserInfo userInfo,String userName) throws Exception{
     PropertyDescriptor proDescriptor = new PropertyDescriptor(userName,UserInfo. class );
     Method methodGetUserName=proDescriptor.getReadMethod();
     Object objUserName=methodGetUserName.invoke(userInfo);
     System.out.println( "get userName:" +objUserName.toString());
   }
}

  Introspector類:

  將JavaBean中的屬性封裝起來進行操做。在程序把一個類當作JavaBean來看,就是調用Introspector.getBeanInfo()方法,獲得的BeanInfo對象封裝了把這個類當作JavaBean看的結果信息,即屬性的信息。

  getPropertyDescriptors(),得到屬性的描述,能夠採用遍歷BeanInfo的方法,來查找、設置類的屬性。具體代碼以下:

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package com.peidasoft.Introspector;
 
import java.beans.BeanInfo;
import java.beans.Introspector;
import java.beans.PropertyDescriptor;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
 
 
public class BeanInfoUtil {
     
   public static void setPropertyByIntrospector(UserInfo userInfo,String userName) throws Exception{
     BeanInfo beanInfo=Introspector.getBeanInfo(UserInfo. class );
     PropertyDescriptor[] proDescrtptors=beanInfo.getPropertyDescriptors();
     if (proDescrtptors!= null &&proDescrtptors.length> 0 ){
       for (PropertyDescriptor propDesc:proDescrtptors){
         if (propDesc.getName().equals(userName)){
           Method methodSetUserName=propDesc.getWriteMethod();
           methodSetUserName.invoke(userInfo, "alan" );
           System.out.println( "set userName:" +userInfo.getUserName());
           break ;
         }
       }
     }
   }
   
   public static void getPropertyByIntrospector(UserInfo userInfo,String userName) throws Exception{
     BeanInfo beanInfo=Introspector.getBeanInfo(UserInfo. class );
     PropertyDescriptor[] proDescrtptors=beanInfo.getPropertyDescriptors();
     if (proDescrtptors!= null &&proDescrtptors.length> 0 ){
       for (PropertyDescriptor propDesc:proDescrtptors){
         if (propDesc.getName().equals(userName)){
           Method methodGetUserName=propDesc.getReadMethod();
           Object objUserName=methodGetUserName.invoke(userInfo);
           System.out.println( "get userName:" +objUserName.toString());
           break ;
         }
       }
     }
   }
   
}

    經過這兩個類的比較能夠看出,都是須要得到PropertyDescriptor,只是方式不同:前者經過建立對象直接得到,後者須要遍歷,因此使用PropertyDescriptor類更加方便。

  使用實例:

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package com.peidasoft.Introspector;
 
public class BeanInfoTest {
 
   /**
    * @param args
    */
   public static void main(String[] args) {
     UserInfo userInfo= new UserInfo();
     userInfo.setUserName( "peida" );
     try {
       BeanInfoUtil.getProperty(userInfo, "userName" );
       
       BeanInfoUtil.setProperty(userInfo, "userName" );
       
       BeanInfoUtil.getProperty(userInfo, "userName" );
       
       BeanInfoUtil.setPropertyByIntrospector(userInfo, "userName" );     
       
       BeanInfoUtil.getPropertyByIntrospector(userInfo, "userName" );
       
       BeanInfoUtil.setProperty(userInfo, "age" );
       
     } catch (Exception e) {
       // TODO Auto-generated catch block
       e.printStackTrace();
     }
 
   }
 
}

  輸出:

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get userName:peida
set userName:wong
get userName:wong
set userName:alan
get userName:alan
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: argument type mismatch
   at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
   at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java: 39 )
   at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java: 25 )
   at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java: 597 )
   at com.peidasoft.Introspector.BeanInfoUtil.setProperty(BeanInfoUtil.java: 14 )
   at com.peidasoft.Introspector.BeanInfoTest.main(BeanInfoTest.java: 22 ) 

  說明:BeanInfoUtil.setProperty(userInfo, "age");報錯是應爲age屬性是int數據類型,而setProperty方法裏面默認給age屬性賦的值是String類型。因此會爆出argument type mismatch參數類型不匹配的錯誤信息。

  BeanUtils工具包:

  由上述可看出,內省操做很是的繁瑣,因此因此Apache開發了一套簡單、易用的API來操做Bean的屬性——BeanUtils工具包。

  BeanUtils工具包:下載:http://commons.apache.org/beanutils/ 注意:應用的時候還須要一個logging包 http://commons.apache.org/logging/

  使用BeanUtils工具包完成上面的測試代碼:

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package com.peidasoft.Beanutil;
 
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
 
import org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils;
import org.apache.commons.beanutils.PropertyUtils;
 
import com.peidasoft.Introspector.UserInfo;
 
public class BeanUtilTest {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
     UserInfo userInfo= new UserInfo();
      try {
       BeanUtils.setProperty(userInfo, "userName" , "peida" );
       
       System.out.println( "set userName:" +userInfo.getUserName());
       
       System.out.println( "get userName:" +BeanUtils.getProperty(userInfo, "userName" ));
       
       BeanUtils.setProperty(userInfo, "age" , 18 );
       System.out.println( "set age:" +userInfo.getAge());
       
       System.out.println( "get age:" +BeanUtils.getProperty(userInfo, "age" ));
        
       System.out.println( "get userName type:" +BeanUtils.getProperty(userInfo, "userName" ).getClass().getName());
       System.out.println( "get age type:" +BeanUtils.getProperty(userInfo, "age" ).getClass().getName());
       
       PropertyUtils.setProperty(userInfo, "age" , 8 );
       System.out.println(PropertyUtils.getProperty(userInfo, "age" ));
       
       System.out.println(PropertyUtils.getProperty(userInfo, "age" ).getClass().getName());
          
       PropertyUtils.setProperty(userInfo, "age" , "8" ); 
     }
      catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
       e.printStackTrace();
     }
      catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
       e.printStackTrace();
     }
     catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
       e.printStackTrace();
     }
   }
}

  運行結果:

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set userName:peida
get userName:peida
set age: 18
get age: 18
get userName type:java.lang.String
get age type:java.lang.String
8
java.lang.Integer
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Cannot invoke com.peidasoft.Introspector.UserInfo.setAge
on bean class 'class com.peidasoft.Introspector.UserInfo' - argument type mismatch - had objects of type "java.lang.String"
but expected signature "int"
   at org.apache.commons.beanutils.PropertyUtilsBean.invokeMethod(PropertyUtilsBean.java: 2235 )
   at org.apache.commons.beanutils.PropertyUtilsBean.setSimpleProperty(PropertyUtilsBean.java: 2151 )
   at org.apache.commons.beanutils.PropertyUtilsBean.setNestedProperty(PropertyUtilsBean.java: 1957 )
   at org.apache.commons.beanutils.PropertyUtilsBean.setProperty(PropertyUtilsBean.java: 2064 )
   at org.apache.commons.beanutils.PropertyUtils.setProperty(PropertyUtils.java: 858 )
   at com.peidasoft.orm.Beanutil.BeanUtilTest.main(BeanUtilTest.java: 38 )
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: argument type mismatch
   at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
   at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java: 39 )
   at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java: 25 )
   at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java: 597 )
   at org.apache.commons.beanutils.PropertyUtilsBean.invokeMethod(PropertyUtilsBean.java: 2170 )
   ... 5 more

  說明:

  1.得到屬性的值,例如,BeanUtils.getProperty(userInfo,"userName"),返回字符串

  2.設置屬性的值,例如,BeanUtils.setProperty(userInfo,"age",8),參數是字符串或基本類型自動包裝。設置屬性的值是字符串,得到的值也是字符串,不是基本類型。   3.BeanUtils的特色:
    1). 對基本數據類型的屬性的操做:在WEB開發、使用中,錄入和顯示時,值會被轉換成字符串,但底層運算用的是基本類型,這些類型轉到動做由BeanUtils自動完成。
    2). 對引用數據類型的屬性的操做:首先在類中必須有對象,不能是null,例如,private Date birthday=new Date();。操做的是對象的屬性而不是整個對象,例如,BeanUtils.setProperty(userInfo,"birthday.time",111111);   

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package com.peidasoft.Introspector;
import java.util.Date;
 
public class UserInfo {
 
   private Date birthday = new Date();
   
   public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
     this .birthday = birthday;
   }
   public Date getBirthday() {
     return birthday;
   }  
}

 

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package com.peidasoft.Beanutil;
 
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import org.apache.commons.beanutils.BeanUtils;
import com.peidasoft.Introspector.UserInfo;
 
public class BeanUtilTest {
   public static void main(String[] args) {
     UserInfo userInfo= new UserInfo();
      try {
       BeanUtils.setProperty(userInfo, "birthday.time" , "111111" );
       Object obj = BeanUtils.getProperty(userInfo, "birthday.time" );
       System.out.println(obj);    
     }
      catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
       e.printStackTrace();
     }
      catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
       e.printStackTrace();
     }
     catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
       e.printStackTrace();
     }
   }
}

  3.PropertyUtils類和BeanUtils不一樣在於,運行getProperty、setProperty操做時,沒有類型轉換,使用屬性的原有類型或者包裝類。因爲age屬性的數據類型是int,因此方法PropertyUtils.setProperty(userInfo, "age", "8")會爆出數據類型不匹配,沒法將值賦給屬性。

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