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內省(Introspector) 是Java 語言對 JavaBean 類屬性、事件的一種缺省處理方法。java
JavaBean是一種特殊的類,主要用於傳遞數據信息,這種類中的方法主要用於訪問私有的字段,且方法名符合某種命名規則。若是在兩個模塊之間傳遞信息,能夠將信息封裝進JavaBean中,這種對象稱爲「值對象」(Value Object),或「VO」。方法比較少。這些信息儲存在類的私有變量中,經過set()、get()得到。例如UserInfo
git
package com.niocoder.test.introspector;
/** * */
public class UserInfo {
private String userName;
private Integer age;
private String webSite;
public Integer getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(Integer age) {
this.age = age;
}
public String getUserName() {
return userName;
}
public void setUserName(String userName) {
this.userName = userName;
}
public String getWebSite() {
return webSite;
}
public void setWebSite(String webSite) {
this.webSite = webSite;
}
}
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在類UserInfo中有屬性 userName, 那咱們能夠經過 getUserName,setUserName來獲得其值或者設置新的值。經過 getUserName/setUserName來訪問 userName屬性,這就是默認的規則。 Java JDK中提供了一套 API 用來訪問某個屬性的 getter/setter 方法,這就是內省。github
PropertyDescriptor類表示JavaBean類經過存儲器導出一個屬性。主要方法:web
package com.niocoder.test.introspector;
import java.beans.PropertyDescriptor;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
public class BeanInfoUtil {
/** * @param userInfo 實例 * @param propertyName 屬性名 * @throws Exception */
public static void setProperty(UserInfo userInfo, String propertyName) throws Exception {
PropertyDescriptor propDesc = new PropertyDescriptor(propertyName, UserInfo.class);
Method methodSetUserName = propDesc.getWriteMethod();
methodSetUserName.invoke(userInfo, "鄭龍飛");
System.out.println("set userName:" + userInfo.getUserName());
}
/** * @param userInfo 實例 * @param propertyName 屬性名 * @throws Exception */
public static void getProperty(UserInfo userInfo, String propertyName) throws Exception {
PropertyDescriptor proDescriptor = new PropertyDescriptor(propertyName, UserInfo.class);
Method methodGetUserName = proDescriptor.getReadMethod();
Object objUserName = methodGetUserName.invoke(userInfo);
System.out.println("get userName:" + objUserName.toString());
}
}
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將JavaBean中的屬性封裝起來進行操做。在程序把一個類當作JavaBean來看,就是調用Introspector.getBeanInfo()方法,獲得的BeanInfo對象封裝了把這個類當作JavaBean看的結果信息,即屬性的信息。spring
getPropertyDescriptors(),得到屬性的描述,能夠採用遍歷BeanInfo的方法,來查找、設置類的屬性。具體代碼以下:apache
package com.niocoder.test.introspector;
import java.beans.BeanInfo;
import java.beans.Introspector;
import java.beans.PropertyDescriptor;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
public class BeanInfoUtil {
/** * @param userInfo 實例 * @param propertyName 屬性名 * @throws Exception */
public static void setPropertyByIntrospector(UserInfo userInfo, String propertyName) throws Exception {
BeanInfo beanInfo = Introspector.getBeanInfo(UserInfo.class);
PropertyDescriptor[] proDescrtptors = beanInfo.getPropertyDescriptors();
if (proDescrtptors != null && proDescrtptors.length > 0) {
for (PropertyDescriptor propDesc : proDescrtptors) {
if (propDesc.getName().equals(propertyName)) {
Method methodSetUserName = propDesc.getWriteMethod();
methodSetUserName.invoke(userInfo, "niocoder");
System.out.println("set userName:" + userInfo.getUserName());
break;
}
}
}
}
/** * @param userInfo 實例 * @param propertyName 屬性名 * @throws Exception */
public static void getPropertyByIntrospector(UserInfo userInfo, String propertyName) throws Exception {
BeanInfo beanInfo = Introspector.getBeanInfo(UserInfo.class);
PropertyDescriptor[] proDescrtptors = beanInfo.getPropertyDescriptors();
if (proDescrtptors != null && proDescrtptors.length > 0) {
for (PropertyDescriptor propDesc : proDescrtptors) {
if (propDesc.getName().equals(propertyName)) {
Method methodGetUserName = propDesc.getReadMethod();
Object objUserName = methodGetUserName.invoke(userInfo);
System.out.println("get userName:" + objUserName.toString());
break;
}
}
}
}
}
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經過這兩個類的比較能夠看出,都是須要得到PropertyDescriptor,只是方式不同:前者經過建立對象直接得到,後者須要遍歷,因此使用PropertyDescriptor類更加方便。socket
public class BeanInfoTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
UserInfo userInfo = new UserInfo();
userInfo.setUserName("merryyou");
try {
BeanInfoUtil.getProperty(userInfo, "userName");
BeanInfoUtil.setProperty(userInfo, "userName");
BeanInfoUtil.getProperty(userInfo, "userName");
BeanInfoUtil.setPropertyByIntrospector(userInfo, "userName");
BeanInfoUtil.getPropertyByIntrospector(userInfo, "userName");
BeanInfoUtil.setProperty(userInfo, "age");
} catch (Exception e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
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輸出工具
get userName:merryyou
set userName:鄭龍飛
get userName:鄭龍飛
set userName:niocoder
get userName:niocoder
Disconnected from the target VM, address: '127.0.0.1:65243', transport: 'socket'
java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: argument type mismatch
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at com.niocoder.test.introspector.BeanInfoUtil.setProperty(BeanInfoUtil.java:13)
at com.niocoder.test.introspector.BeanInfoTest.main(BeanInfoTest.java:19)
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說明:BeanInfoUtil.setProperty(userInfo, "age")
;報錯是應爲age屬性是int數據類型,而setProperty方法裏面默認給age屬性賦的值是String類型。因此會爆出argument type mismatch參數類型不匹配的錯誤信息。this
由上述可看出,內省操做很是的繁瑣,因此因此Apache開發了一套簡單、易用的API來操做Bean的屬性——BeanUtils工具包。
public class BeanUtilTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
UserInfo userInfo = new UserInfo();
try {
BeanUtils.setProperty(userInfo, "userName", "鄭龍飛");
System.out.println("set userName:" + userInfo.getUserName());
System.out.println("get userName:" + BeanUtils.getProperty(userInfo, "userName"));
BeanUtils.setProperty(userInfo, "age", 18);
System.out.println("set age:" + userInfo.getAge());
System.out.println("get age:" + BeanUtils.getProperty(userInfo, "age"));
System.out.println("get userName type:" + BeanUtils.getProperty(userInfo, "userName").getClass().getName());
System.out.println("get age type:" + BeanUtils.getProperty(userInfo, "age").getClass().getName());
PropertyUtils.setProperty(userInfo, "age", 8);
System.out.println(PropertyUtils.getProperty(userInfo, "age"));
System.out.println(PropertyUtils.getProperty(userInfo, "age").getClass().getName());
// 特殊 age屬性爲Integer類型
PropertyUtils.setProperty(userInfo, "age", "8");
} catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
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輸出
set userName:鄭龍飛
get userName:鄭龍飛
set age:18
get age:18
get userName type:java.lang.String
get age type:java.lang.String
8
java.lang.Integer
Disconnected from the target VM, address: '127.0.0.1:50244', transport: 'socket'
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: Cannot invoke com.niocoder.test.introspector.UserInfo.setAge on bean class 'class com.niocoder.test.introspector.UserInfo' - argument type mismatch - had objects of type "java.lang.String" but expected signature "java.lang.Integer"
at org.apache.commons.beanutils.PropertyUtilsBean.invokeMethod(PropertyUtilsBean.java:2195)
at org.apache.commons.beanutils.PropertyUtilsBean.setSimpleProperty(PropertyUtilsBean.java:2108)
at org.apache.commons.beanutils.PropertyUtilsBean.setNestedProperty(PropertyUtilsBean.java:1914)
at org.apache.commons.beanutils.PropertyUtilsBean.setProperty(PropertyUtilsBean.java:2021)
at org.apache.commons.beanutils.PropertyUtils.setProperty(PropertyUtils.java:896)
at com.niocoder.test.introspector.BeanUtilTest.main(BeanUtilTest.java:28)
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: argument type mismatch
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.apache.commons.beanutils.PropertyUtilsBean.invokeMethod(PropertyUtilsBean.java:2127)
... 5 more
Process finished with exit code 1
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