composer create-project --prefer-dist yiisoft/yii2-app-basic basic
composer install
composer update
composer require [options] [--] [vendor/packages]...
Yii的數據庫讀取對象,在PDO之上,DAO後有了Query Builder和ARjavascript
$conn = Yii::$app->db;
Yii::$app->db->createCommand("SELECT * FROM `user`"); Yii::$app->db->createCommand("SELECT * FROM `user` WHERE uid=:uid",[":uid"=>1]); Yii::$app->db->createCommand("SELECT * FROM `user` WHERE uid=:uid")->addValue([":uid"=>1]);
Yii::$app->db
->createCommand('INSERT INTO user (email, password) VALUES("test3@example.com", "test3");')->execute();
Yii::$app->db->createCommand()->insert('user', [ 'email' => 'test4@example.com', 'password' => 'changeme7', 'first_name' => 'Test' ])->execute();
Yii::$app->db->createCommand()->batchInsert('user', ['email', 'password', 'first_name'], [ ['james.franklin@example.com', 'changeme7', 'James'], ['linda.marks@example.com', 'changeme7', 'Linda'] ['roger.martin@example.com', 'changeme7'] ])->execute();
Yii::$app->db->createCommand()->update('user', ['updated_at' => time()], 'id = 2')->execute();
Yii::$app->db->createCommand()->delete('user', 'id = 3')->execute();
Yii::$app->db->createCommand("SELECT * FROM `user`")->queryAll();
Yii::$app->db->createCommand("SELECT * FROM `user` WHERE id = 1")->queryOne();
Yii::$app->db->createCommand("SELECT count(*) AS total FROM `user` WHERE id = 1")->queryScalar();
Yii::$app->db->createCommand("SELECT username FROM `user`")->queryColumn();
日誌功能php
Yii::trace($message,$category)
Yii::info($message,$category)
Yii::warning($message,$category)
Yii::error($message,$category)
數據驗證,最經常使用於模型的rules()函數css
["username",'required'] [["username","email"],'required'] [["username"],'required',"message"=>"{attribute}必須填寫"] [["username"],'required','requiredValue'=>"abei"] // 用戶填寫的值必須等於requiredValue才能經過驗證。
["email",'email'] [["email","work_email"],'email']
['sex', 'boolean', 'trueValue' => true, 'falseValue' => false, 'strict' => true];// 能夠認爲置頂 true / false 值。
['verificationCode', 'captcha'];
['username', 'compare', 'compareAttribute' => 'province','message'=>'username和province必須同樣'] //錯誤信息將提示給username ['age', 'compare', 'compareValue' => 30, 'operator' => '>=','type' => 'number'];//compareValue:比較常量值 operator:比較操做符 type爲值類型,默認爲string,會一個每一個字符對比,若爲number則直接判斷數值 // operator 待選值==、===、!=、!==、>、>=、<、<=
["birth","date","format"=>"Y-m-d"]
['age','default','value'=>null] // 當age爲空的時候設置爲null ['country','default','value'=>'USA'] // 當 country爲空時設置爲USA /* 若是from爲空,則=今天+3天,若是to爲空,則=今天+6天 */ [['from','to'],'default','value'=>function($model,$attribute){ return date('Y-m-d', strtotime($attribute === 'to' ? '+3 days' : '+6 days')); }]
['v','double'] // 判斷v是否爲數字 ['v','double','max'=>90,'min'=>1]//判斷v是否爲數字且大於等於一、小於等於90
/* 要求驗證的元素必須爲數組,不然會返回假並報錯 */ ["categoryIds","each","rule"=>['integer']]
/* 所謂對存在的檢查實質爲where的與操做,必須同時瞞住的記錄存在方可。兄弟們能夠研究下,exist是對sql語句EXISTS的應用*/ ["username","exist"] // username輸入的值已經存在 ["username","exist","targetAttribute"=>"province"] // username的輸入值必須在province列存在 ["username","exist",'targetAttribute' => ['username', 'province']] // username的輸入值必須在username和province中存在 [["username","province"],"exist",'targetAttribute' => ['username', 'province']] // username和province的輸入值必須在username和province中存在
/* maxFiles表明一次最多傳幾個,mimeTypes表明上傳文件類型 */ ['primaryImage', 'file', 'extensions' => ['png', 'jpg', 'gif'],'mimeTypes'=>["image/*"], 'maxSize' => 1024*1024,'minSize'=>100*1024,'maxFiles'=>6,'checkExtensionByMimeType'=>true],
[['username', 'email'], 'filter', 'filter' => 'trim', 'skipOnArray' => true], ['phone', 'filter', 'filter' => function ($value) { // normalize phone input here return $value; }],
/* 上傳png/jpg格式,最大寬度不能超過1000px,最小寬度不能低於100px,最大高度不能高於1000px。最小高度不能低於100px */ ['primaryImage', 'image', 'extensions' => 'png, jpg','minWidth' => 100, 'maxWidth' => 1000,'minHeight' => 100, 'maxHeight' => 1000]
["ip_addess","ip"]
["level","in","range"=>[1,2,3]]
["age",'integer']; ["age","integer","max"=>90,"min"=>1]
["username","match","pattern"=>"/^[a-z]\w*$/i"]
["description","safe"]
["username","string","length"=>[4,24]]; ["username","string","min"=>4]; ["username","string","max"=>32]; ["username","string","encoding"=>"UTF-8"];
["username","unique"] ["username","unique","targetAttribute"=>"province"]
["website","url"] ["website","url","validSchemes"=>["http","https"]]
字符串html
StringHelper::countWords("hello world");//2
StringHelper::basename("/path/hello.txt",".txt"); // hello
StringHelper::dirname("/home/path/hello.txt");// /home/path
StringHelper::truncate("hello world",7,'...'); //hello w...
StringHelper::truncate("hello world",7,'...',null,true);//hello w...
StringHelper::truncateWords('This is a test sentance', 4, '...') //This is a test ...
StringHelper::truncateWords('This is a test for a sentance', 5, '...',true) //This is a test for...
StringHelper::startsWith("hello world","he");//true
StringHelper::endsWith("hello world","ald");//false
StringHelper::explode('It, is, a first, test'));//['It','is','a first','test'] StringHelper::explode("a@b@c","@");['a','b','c'] StringHelper::explode("a, b ,c ");['a','b','c']
Session被封裝成一個應用組件,直接經過Yii::$app->session來訪問;Cookie經過Request和Response來操做。前端
$session = Yii::$app->session;
Yii::$app->session->isActive
Yii::$app->session->open()
Yii::$app->session->close();
Yii::$app->session->destroy();
/* 如下三種方法效果等同 */ $language = $session->get('language'); $language = $session['language']; $language = isset($_SESSION['language']) ? $_SESSION['language'] : null;
/* 如下三種方法效果等同 */
$session->set('language', 'en-US'); $session['language'] = 'en-US'; $_SESSION['language'] = 'en-US';
/* 下面三種方法效果等同 */ $session->remove('language'); unset($session['language']); unset($_SESSION['language']);
/* 如下三種方法效果一致 */ if ($session->has('language')) ... if (isset($session['language'])) ... if (isset($_SESSION['language'])) ...
$cookies = Yii::$app->request->cookies;
$cookies = Yii::$app->response->cookies;
$language = $cookies->getValue('language', 'en');// 若是獲取language失敗,則返回"en"代替
if (($cookie = $cookies->get('language')) !== null) { $language = $cookie->value; }
if (isset($cookies['language'])) { $language = $cookies['language']->value; }
if ($cookies->has('language')) ... if (isset($cookies['language'])) ...
$cookies->add(new \yii\web\Cookie([ 'name' => 'language', 'value' => 'zh-CN', ]));
$cookies->remove('language'); unset($cookies['language']);
Request 被配置爲一個應用組件,咱們能夠經過Yii::$app->request訪問它。java
Yii::$app->request->getAbsoluteUrl();
Yii::$app->request->getHostInfo();
Yii::$app->request->getQueryString()
Yii::$app->request->getServerPort();
Yii::$app->request-> getAcceptableContentTypes ();// Header Accept
Yii::$app->request-> getAcceptableLanguages(); // Header Accept-Language
Yii::$app->request->get();
Yii::$app->request->get("id"); Yii::$app->request->POST(); Yii::$app->request->POST("username");
Yii::$app->request->isAjax // 判斷是否爲ajax請求 Yii::$app->request->isConsoleRequest // 判斷是否爲控制發起的請求 Yii::$app->request->isDelete // 判斷是否爲DELETE請求 Yii::$app->request->isGet // 判斷是否爲GET請求 Yii::$app->request->isPost // 判斷是否爲POST請求 Yii::$app->request->isPjax // 判斷是否爲isPjax請求
Yii::$app->request->getUserIP();
和Request同樣,Response被封裝成Yii的一個組件,你能夠經過Yii::$app->response輕鬆的訪問它。nginx
Yii::$app->response->statusCode = 200;
yii\web\BadRequestHttpException: status code 400. yii\web\ConflictHttpException: status code 409. yii\web\ForbiddenHttpException: status code 403. yii\web\GoneHttpException: status code 410. yii\web\MethodNotAllowedHttpException: status code 405. yii\web\NotAcceptableHttpException: status code 406. yii\web\NotFoundHttpException: status code 404. yii\web\ServerErrorHttpException: status code 500. yii\web\TooManyRequestsHttpException: status code 429. yii\web\UnauthorizedHttpException: status code 401. yii\web\UnsupportedMediaTypeHttpException: status code 415.
throw new \yii\web\HttpException(402); // 若是系統沒有,能夠經過HttpException本身寫狀態碼 throw new \yii\web\HttpException(402,"message");
$headers = Yii::$app->response->headers;
// add a Pragma header. Existing Pragma headers will NOT be overwritten. $headers->add('Pragma', 'no-cache'); // set a Pragma header. Any existing Pragma headers will be discarded. $headers->set('Pragma', 'no-cache'); // remove Pragma header(s) and return the removed Pragma header values in an array $values = $headers->remove('Pragma');
Yii::$app->response->content = 'hello world!';
控制器,可在action內直接用$this調用。web
$this->render('index',['model'=>$model])
$this->renderPartial('index',['model'=>$model])
// 注入全部註冊的JS/CSS腳本和文件,一般使用在響應AJAX網頁請求的狀況下 $this->renderAjax('index',['model'=>$model])
$this->renderContent($content);
重點!列出最經常使用的ActiveForm方法。ajax
$form = ActiveForm::begin([
'enableClientValidation'=>false ]);
$form = ActiveForm::begin([
'enableClientScript'=>false ]);
$form = ActiveForm::begin([
"action"=>$url ])
$form = ActiveForm::begin([
"method"=>"POST" ]);
$form = ActiveForm::begin([
'options'=>["class"=>"f","data-name"=>"xxx"] ]);
$form->field($model, 'date')->textInput(["key"=>"value"]);
$form->field($model, 'date')->textarea(["key"=>"value"]);
$form->field($model,'sex')->radioList($arr,["key"=>"value"]);
$form->field($model,"password")->passwordInput();
$form->field($model,"city_id")->checkboxList($arr);
$form->field($model,"image")->fileInput();
$form->field($model,"name")->hiddenInput();
幾個經常使用也好用的文件幫助方法sql
FileHelper::findFiles('/path/to/search/'); FileHelper::findFiles('.', ['only' => ['*.php', '*.txt']]); // 只返回php和txt文件 FileHelper::findFiles('.', ['except' => ['*.php', '*.txt']]); // 排除php和txt文件
FileHelper::getMimeType('/path/to/img.jpeg');
FileHelper::copyDirectory($src, $dst, $options = [])
FileHelper::removeDirectory($dir, $options = [])
FileHelper::createDirectory($path, $mode = 0775, $recursive = true)
上傳文件幫助類
$file = UploadedFile::getInstance($model,'avatar')
$files = UploadedFile::getInstances($model,'avatar') //view $form->field($model,'avatar[]')->fileInput()
$file = UploadedFile::getInstanceByName('avatar');
$file = UploadedFile::getInstancesByName('avatar'); // view Html::fileInput('avatar[]')
$file->saveAs(Yii::getAlias("@webroot").'/data/test.jpg');
$file->getBaseName();//test.jpg ===> test
$file->getExtension();// 是png、不是image/png
$file->name;//test.jpg
$file->type;// image/png
$file->tempName;
$file->size;// 21744
經過Html類的一些靜態方法生成Html標籤。
Html::a('連接的文本', $url);
Html::a('連接文本', Url::to(['/site/index'], true)); Html::a('連接文本', Yii::$app->urlManager->createUrl(['/site/index']));
Html::img("/images/logo.png",['class'=>'img']);
Html::button("按鈕文本",['class'=>'button-action']);
Html::mailto("阿北",'abei@nai8.me',$options);
$list = ['china','usa']; Html::ol($list);
$list = ['china','usa','japan']; Html::ul($list);
Html::script("alert('hello world');")
Html::style("color:#F60"); Html::style(".list {background:#FFF;}");
Html::cssFile("http://baidu.com/style.css",[]);
Html::jsFile($url,[]);
Html::encode($html);
Html::decode($string);
Yii::setAlias('@baidu', 'http://www.baidu.com');
Yii::getAlias($name);
Yii::getAlias('@yii')
Yii::getAlias('@app')
Yii::getAlias("@vendor")
Yii::getAlias("@bower");
Yii::getAlias("@npm");
Yii::getAlias("@runtime");
Yii::getAlias("@webroot");
Yii::getAlias("@web");
Yii::getAlias("@common");
Yii::getAlias("@frontend");
Yii::getAlias("@backend");
Yii::getAlias("@console");
主要解決DAO在查詢語句上的繁瑣問題,無需輸入原生SQL語句就能夠完成數據庫檢索。
$query = (new \yii\db\Query()); // yii2使用Query對象來採集SQL的各個部分,而後由Query Builder組成SQL語句後由DAO發給數據庫得到請求。
$query->select("id,username");// 字符串形式 $query->select(['id','username']); // 數組形式 $query->select(["userId"=>"id","fName"=>"user.frist_name"]); // 起別名 $query->select(["full_name"=>"CONCAT(id,'-',username)"]); // 支持MYSQL函數
$query->from("user"); // 字符串形式 $query->from(["u"=>"user"]); // 數據表別名
$query->select("username")->distinct()->from("user"); // distinct
/* 傳遞字符串 */ $query->where("id = 1"); $query->where("id = :id")->addParams([":id"=>1]); $query->where("id = :id",[":id"=>1]); /* 傳遞數組 */ $query->where(["username"=>"abei","age"=>[20,19,26]])->from("user");// select * from user where username="abei" AND age in (20,19,26) /* 操做符 */ $query->where([">","id",10]);// id > 10 $query->where(["<","id",10]); // id < 10 $query->where(["<>","id",10]); // id <> 10 $query->where(["in","id",[10,12]]);// id in (10,20) $query->where(["not in","id",[10,12]]);// id not in (10,20) $query->where(["and","id=1","id=2"]); id=1 AND id=2 $query->where(['or', ['type' => [7, 8, 9]], ['id' => [1, 2, 3]]]); // (type IN (7, 8, 9) OR (id IN (1, 2, 3))) $query->where(["between", 'id', 1, 10]);// id between 1 AND 10 $query->where(["not",["id"=>5]]);// not (id=5) $query->where(["not between","id",1,10]);// id not between 1 AND 10 $query->where(["like","username","abei"]); // username like "%abei%" $query->where([['like', 'username', ['abei', 'liuhuan']]]); // username like "%abei%" AND username like "%liuhuan%" $query->where(['like', 'username', '%abei', false]); // username like "%abei" $query->where(["or like", 'username', ['abei', 'liuhuan']]);// username like "%abei%" OR username like "%liuhuan%",只做用於範圍爲數組的形式 $query->where(["not like",xxxxx]);// 與like用法一致 $query->where(["or not like",xxx])// 與not like用法一致
/* EXISTS用於檢查子查詢是否至少會返回一行數據,該子查詢實際上並不返回任何數據,而是返回值True或False */ $query->where(['exists', (new Query())->select('id')->from('user')->where(['id' => 1])]);
$query->orderBy("id DESC"); $query->orderBy(["id"=>SORT_DESC]); $query->orderBy(["id"=>SORT_DESC,'create_time'=>SORT_ASC]);
$query->groupBy(["username"]); $query->groupBy(["id"])->having([">",'id',20]);
$query->createCommand()->sql;
$query->all();// 二位數組
$query->one();
(new \yii\db\Query)->from('user')->exists();
$query->count();
$query->scalar();
$query->column();// 一位數組
$query = new \yii\db\Query; $query->from("user"); $query->select(["fname"=>"username"]); $query->where([">",'id',10]); $query->all();
數據庫遷移工具
./yii migrate/create script_name // script_name爲腳本名字(須要英文格式)
./yii migrate ./yii migrate/up
./yii migrate/up 腳本名 // 不用含有擴展名
Asset資源管理
$basePath // 資源文件所在的web服務器目錄路徑,通常爲@webroot $baseUrl // js和css文件相對url基地址 $css // asset bundle 所包含的css文件數組 $cssOptions // 對link標籤的屬性控制 $js // asset bundle 所包含的js文件數組 $jsOptions // 對script標籤的屬性控制 $publishOptions // 發佈操做 $sourcePath // 當資源網絡不能夠訪問,則必須指定此目錄。
'appendTimestamp' => true // 在web.php裏的components - assetManager
public $publishOptions = [ 'only' => [ 'fonts/*', 'css/*', 'test.js' ], 'except'=>[ 'img' ], ];
public $jsOptions = ['position' => \yii\web\View::POS_HEAD];//js文件發佈到head標籤內 public $jsOptions = ['position' => \yii\web\View::POS_END];//js文件發佈到body標籤底部 public $jsOptions = ['position' => \yii\web\View::POS_BEGIN];//js文件放到body標籤開始處
public $cssOptions = ['condition' => 'IE 11'];// 表明兼容ie11
'linkAssets' => true // 在web.php裏的components - assetManager
// 在web.php裏的components - assetManager,配置自定義的也能夠 'bundles' => [ 'yii/web/YiiAsset'=>[ 'js'=>[], ...... ] ]
有關事件的全部,系統自帶事件統統給你。
Application::EVENT_BEFORE_REQUEST
Application::EVENT_AFTER_REQUEST
Controller::EVENT_BEFORE_ACTION
Controller::EVENT_AFTER_ACTION
Model::EVENT_BEFORE_VALIDATE
Model::EVENT_AFTER_VALIDATE
Module::EVENT_BEFORE_ACTION
Module::EVENT_AFTER_ACTION
View::EVENT_BEGIN_PAGE
View::EVENT_END_PAGE
View::EVENT_BEFORE_RENDER
View::EVENT_AFTER_RENDER
View::EVENT_BEGIN_BODY
View::EVENT_END_BODY
Widget::EVENT_INIT
Widget::EVENT_BEFORE_RUN
Widget::EVENT_AFTER_RUN
ActiveQuery::EVENT_INIT
BaseActiveRecord::EVENT_INIT
BaseActiveRecord::EVENT_AFTER_FIND
BaseActiveRecord::EVENT_BEFORE_INSERT
BaseActiveRecord::EVENT_AFTER_INSERT
BaseActiveRecord::EVENT_BEFORE_UPDATE
BaseActiveRecord::EVENT_AFTER_UPDATE
BaseActiveRecord::EVENT_BEFORE_DELETE
BaseActiveRecord::EVENT_AFTER_DELETE
BaseActiveRecord::EVENT_AFTER_REFRESH
Connection::EVENT_AFTER_OPEN
Connection::EVENT_BEGIN_TRANSACTION
Connection::EVENT_COMMIT_TRANSACTION
Connection::EVENT_ROLLBACK_TRANSACTION
Response::EVENT_BEFORE_SEND
Response::EVENT_AFTER_SEND
Response::EVENT_AFTER_PREPARE
User::EVENT_BEFORE_LOGIN
User::EVENT_AFTER_LOGIN
User::EVENT_BEFORE_LOGOUT
User::EVENT_AFTER_LOGOUT
路由管理
// conf/web.php 'urlManager' => [ 'enablePrettyUrl' => true, 'showScriptName' => false, 'suffix'=>'.html',// 統一後綴名,若不須要則無需配置 'enableStrictParsing'=>false,//默認爲false,是否採用嚴格解析 'rules' => [ ], ]
// Apache須要支持url重寫其AllowOverride爲all AllowOverride:all //web目錄下增長.htaccess,隱藏index.php文件 內容以下 RewriteEngine on RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d RewriteRule . index.php
location / { if (!-e $request_filename){ rewrite ^/(.*) /index.php last; } }
RewriteEngine On RewriteBase / RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d RewriteRule ^(.*)\?*$ index.php/$1 [L,QSA]
GET /users
GET /users?page=2 GET /users?fields=id,username,created_at GET /users?sort=id,-username
200: OK。一切正常。 201: 響應 POST 請求時成功建立一個資源。Location header 包含的URL指向新建立的資源。 204: 該請求被成功處理,響應不包含正文內容 (相似 DELETE 請求)。 304: 資源沒有被修改。可使用緩存的版本。 400: 錯誤的請求。可能經過用戶方面的多種緣由引發的,例如在請求體內有無效的JSON 數據,無效的操做參數,等等。 401: 驗證失敗。 403: 已經通過身份驗證的用戶不容許訪問指定的 API 末端。 404: 所請求的資源不存在。 405: 不被容許的方法。 請檢查 Allow header 容許的HTTP方法。 415: 不支持的媒體類型。 所請求的內容類型或版本號是無效的。 422: 數據驗證失敗 (例如,響應一個 POST 請求)。 請檢查響應體內詳細的錯誤消息。 429: 請求過多。 因爲限速請求被拒絕。 500: 內部服務器錯誤。 這多是因爲內部程序錯誤引發的。