Android面試常客之Handler全解

前言:又到了一年一度的跳槽季,準備跳槽的你在關於Android面試方面的知識都徹底掌握了嗎?Android面試中常常被問到的知識——Android消息機制即Handler有關的問題你都能解釋的清楚嗎?若是你對Android消息機制比較模糊或者可以回答與Handler有關的問題可是不清楚其中的原理,那麼你將會在本文獲得你想要的答案。java

閱讀本文後的收貨

  閱讀本文後你將會有如下收穫:android

  • 清楚的理解Handler的工做原理
  • 理清Handler、Message、MessageQueue以及Looper之間的關係
  • 知道Looper是怎麼和當前線程進行綁定的
  • 是否能在子線程中建立Handler
  • 得到分析Handler源碼的思路

要想有以上的收穫,就須要研究Handler的源碼,從源碼中來獲得答案。git

開始探索之路

Handler的使用

  先從Handler的使用開始。咱們都知道Android的主線程不能處理耗時的任務,否者會致使ANR的出現,可是界面的更新又必需要在主線程中進行,這樣,咱們就必須在子線程中處理耗時的任務,而後在主線程中更新UI。可是,咱們怎麼知道子線程中的任務什麼時候完成,又應該何時更新UI,又更新什麼內容呢?爲了解決這個問題,Android爲咱們提供了一個消息機制即Handler。下面就看下Handler的常見使用方式,代碼以下github

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {
    private Button mStartTask;

    @SuppressLint("HandlerLeak")
    private Handler mHandler = new Handler() {
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            super.handleMessage(msg);
            if (msg.what == 1) {
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "刷新UI、", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        }
    };

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        initView();
    }

    private void initView() {
        mStartTask = findViewById(R.id.btn_start_task);
        mStartTask.setOnClickListener(this);
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        switch (v.getId()) {
            case R.id.btn_start_task:
                new Thread(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        try {
                            Thread.sleep(1000);
                            mHandler.sendEmptyMessage(1);
                        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }
                    }
                }).start();
                break;
        }
    }
}

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能夠看到在子線程中,讓線程睡了一秒,來模仿耗時的任務,當耗時任務處理完以後,Handler會發送一個消息,而後咱們能夠在Handler的handleMessage方法中獲得這個消息,獲得消息以後就可以在handleMessage方法中更新UI了,由於handleMessage是在主線程中嘛。到這裏就會有如下疑問了:面試

  • Handler明明是在子線程中發的消息怎麼會跑到主線程中了呢?
  • Handler的發送消息handleMessage又是怎麼接收到的呢?

帶着這兩個疑問,開始分析Handler的源碼。多線程

Handler的源碼分析

  先看下在咱們實例化Handler的時候,Handler的構造方法中都作了那些事情,看代碼併發

final Looper mLooper;
    final MessageQueue mQueue;
    final Callback mCallback;
    final boolean mAsynchronous;

/** * Default constructor associates this handler with the {@link Looper} for the * current thread. * * If this thread does not have a looper, this handler won't be able to receive messages * so an exception is thrown. */
    public Handler() {
        this(null, false);
    }

/** * Use the {@link Looper} for the current thread with the specified callback interface * and set whether the handler should be asynchronous. * * Handlers are synchronous by default unless this constructor is used to make * one that is strictly asynchronous. * * Asynchronous messages represent interrupts or events that do not require global ordering * with respect to synchronous messages. Asynchronous messages are not subject to * the synchronization barriers introduced by {@link MessageQueue#enqueueSyncBarrier(long)}. * * @param callback The callback interface in which to handle messages, or null. * @param async If true, the handler calls {@link Message#setAsynchronous(boolean)} for * each {@link Message} that is sent to it or {@link Runnable} that is posted to it. * * @hide */
    public Handler(Callback callback, boolean async) {
        if (FIND_POTENTIAL_LEAKS) {
            final Class<? extends Handler> klass = getClass();
            if ((klass.isAnonymousClass() || klass.isMemberClass() || klass.isLocalClass()) &&
                    (klass.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0) {
                Log.w(TAG, "The following Handler class should be static or leaks might occur: " +
                    klass.getCanonicalName());
            }
        }

        mLooper = Looper.myLooper();
        if (mLooper == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException(
                "Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()");
        }
        mQueue = mLooper.mQueue;
        mCallback = callback;
        mAsynchronous = async;
    }
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經過源碼能夠看到Handler的無參構造函數調用了兩個參數的構造函數,而在兩個參數的構造函數中就是將一些變量進行賦值。less

  看下下面的代碼async

mLooper = Looper.myLooper();
        if (mLooper == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException(
                "Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()");
        }
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這裏是經過Looper中的myLooper方法來得到Looper實例的,若是Looper爲null的話就會拋異常,拋出的異常內容翻譯過來就是ide

沒法在未調用Looper.prepare()的線程內建立handler

從這句話中,咱們能夠知道,在調用Looper.myLooper()以前必需要先調用Looper.prepare()方法,如今來看下prepare方法中的內容,以下

/** Initialize the current thread as a looper. * This gives you a chance to create handlers that then reference * this looper, before actually starting the loop. Be sure to call * {@link #loop()} after calling this method, and end it by calling * {@link #quit()}. */
    public static void prepare() {
        prepare(true);
    }

    private static void prepare(boolean quitAllowed) {
        if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread");
        }
        sThreadLocal.set(new Looper(quitAllowed));
    }
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從上面代碼中能夠看到,prepare()方法調用了prepare(boolean quitAllowed)方法,prepare(boolean quitAllowed) 方法中則是實例化了一個Looper,而後將Looper設置進sThreadLocal中,到了這裏就有必要了解一下ThreadLocalle。

什麼是ThreadLocal

ThreadLocal 爲解決多線程程序的併發問題提供了一種新的思路。使用這個工具類能夠很簡潔地編寫出優美的多線程程序。當使用ThreadLocal 維護變量時,ThreadLocal 爲每一個使用該變量的線程提供獨立的變量副本,因此每個線程均可以獨立地改變本身的副本,而不會影響其它線程所對應的副本。

若是看完上面這段話仍是搞不明白ThreadLocal有什麼用,那麼能夠看下下面代碼運行的結果,相信看下結果你就會明白ThreadLocal有什麼做用了。

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    
    private static final String TAG = "MainActivity";
    private ThreadLocal<Integer> mThreadLocal = new ThreadLocal<>();
    
    @SuppressLint("HandlerLeak")
    private Handler mHandler = new Handler(){
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            super.handleMessage(msg);
            if (msg.what == 1) {
                Log.d(TAG, "onCreate: "+mThreadLocal.get());
            }
        }
    };

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        mThreadLocal.set(5);

        Thread1 thread1 = new Thread1();
        thread1.start();

        Thread2 thread2 = new Thread2();
        thread2.start();

        Thread3 thread3 = new Thread3();
        thread3.start();

        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(2000);
                    mHandler.sendEmptyMessage(1);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }).start();
    }

    class Thread1 extends Thread {

        @Override
        public void run() {
            super.run();
            mThreadLocal.set(1);
            Log.d(TAG, "mThreadLocal1: "+ mThreadLocal.get());
        }
    }

    class Thread2 extends Thread {

        @Override
        public void run() {
            super.run();
            mThreadLocal.set(2);
            Log.d(TAG, "mThreadLocal2: "+ mThreadLocal.get());
        }
    }

    class Thread3 extends Thread {

        @Override
        public void run() {
            super.run();
            mThreadLocal.set(3);
            Log.d(TAG, "mThreadLocal3: "+ mThreadLocal.get());
        }
    }
}

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看下這段代碼運行以後打印的log

能夠看到雖然在不一樣的線程中對同一個mThreadLocal中的值進行了更改,但最後仍能夠正確拿到當前線程中mThreadLocal中的值。由此咱們能夠得出結論ThreadLocal.set方法設置的值是與當前線程進行綁定了的。

  知道了ThreadLocal.set方法的做用,則Looper.prepare方法就是將Looper與當前線程進行綁定(當前線程就是調用Looper.prepare方法的線程)

  文章到了這裏咱們能夠知道如下幾點信息了

  • 在對Handler進行實例化的時候,會對一些變量進行賦值。
  • 對Looper進行賦值是經過Looper.myLooper方法,但在調用這句代碼以前必須已經調用了Looper.prepare方法。
  • Looper.prepare方法的做用就是將實例化的Looper與當前的線程進行綁定。

這裏就又出現了一個問題:在調用Looper.myLooper方法以前必須必須已經調用了Looper.prepare方法,即在實例化Handler以前就要調用Looper.prepare方法,可是咱們日常在主線程中使用Handler的時候並無調用Looper.prepare方法呀!這是怎麼回事呢?

  其實,在主線程中Android系統已經幫咱們調用了Looper.prepare方法,能夠看下ActivityThread類中的main方法,代碼以下

public static void main(String[] args) {
        Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "ActivityThreadMain");

        // CloseGuard defaults to true and can be quite spammy. We
        // disable it here, but selectively enable it later (via
        // StrictMode) on debug builds, but using DropBox, not logs.
        CloseGuard.setEnabled(false);

        Environment.initForCurrentUser();

        // Set the reporter for event logging in libcore
        EventLogger.setReporter(new EventLoggingReporter());

        // Make sure TrustedCertificateStore looks in the right place for CA certificates
        final File configDir = Environment.getUserConfigDirectory(UserHandle.myUserId());
        TrustedCertificateStore.setDefaultUserDirectory(configDir);

        Process.setArgV0("<pre-initialized>");

        Looper.prepareMainLooper();

        ActivityThread thread = new ActivityThread();
        thread.attach(false);

        if (sMainThreadHandler == null) {
            sMainThreadHandler = thread.getHandler();
        }

        if (false) {
            Looper.myLooper().setMessageLogging(new
                    LogPrinter(Log.DEBUG, "ActivityThread"));
        }

        // End of event ActivityThreadMain.
        Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER);
        Looper.loop();

        throw new RuntimeException("Main thread loop unexpectedly exited");
    }
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上面的代碼中有一句

Looper.prepareMainLooper();
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這句話的實質就是調用了Looper的prepare方法,代碼以下

public static void prepareMainLooper() {
        prepare(false);//這裏調用了prepare方法
        synchronized (Looper.class) {
            if (sMainLooper != null) {
                throw new IllegalStateException("The main Looper has already been prepared.");
            }
            sMainLooper = myLooper();
        }
    }
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到這裏就解決了,爲何咱們在主線程中使用Handler以前沒有調用Looper.prepare方法的問題了。

  讓咱們再回到Handler的構造方法中,看下

mLooper = Looper.myLooper();
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myLooper()方法中代碼以下

/** * Return the Looper object associated with the current thread. Returns * null if the calling thread is not associated with a Looper. */
    public static @Nullable Looper myLooper() {
        return sThreadLocal.get();
    }
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其實就是從當前線程中的ThreadLocal中取出Looper實例。

  再看下Handler的構造方法中的

mQueue = mLooper.mQueue;
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這句代碼。這句代碼就是拿到Looper中的mQueue這個成員變量,而後再賦值給Handler中的mQueue,下面看下Looper中的代碼

final MessageQueue mQueue;
    
	private Looper(boolean quitAllowed) {
        mQueue = new MessageQueue(quitAllowed);
        mThread = Thread.currentThread();
    }
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同過上面的代碼,咱們能夠知道mQueue就是MessageQueue,在咱們調用Looper.prepare方法時就將mQueue實例化了。

Handler的sendMessage方法都作了什麼

  還記得文章開始時的兩個問題嗎?

  • Handler明明是在子線程中發的消息怎麼會跑到主線程中了呢?
  • Handler的發送消息handleMessage又是怎麼接收到的呢?

下面就分析一下Handler的sendMessage方法都作了什麼,看代碼

public final boolean sendMessage(Message msg) {
        return sendMessageDelayed(msg, 0);
    }

public final boolean sendMessageDelayed(Message msg, long delayMillis) {
        if (delayMillis < 0) {
            delayMillis = 0;
        }
        return sendMessageAtTime(msg, SystemClock.uptimeMillis() + delayMillis);
    }

/** * Enqueue a message into the message queue after all pending messages * before the absolute time (in milliseconds) <var>uptimeMillis</var>. * <b>The time-base is {@link android.os.SystemClock#uptimeMillis}.</b> * Time spent in deep sleep will add an additional delay to execution. * You will receive it in {@link #handleMessage}, in the thread attached * to this handler. * * @param uptimeMillis The absolute time at which the message should be * delivered, using the * {@link android.os.SystemClock#uptimeMillis} time-base. * * @return Returns true if the message was successfully placed in to the * message queue. Returns false on failure, usually because the * looper processing the message queue is exiting. Note that a * result of true does not mean the message will be processed -- if * the looper is quit before the delivery time of the message * occurs then the message will be dropped. */
    public boolean sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
        MessageQueue queue = mQueue;
        if (queue == null) {
            RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException(
                    this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue");
            Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e);
            return false;
        }
        return enqueueMessage(queue, msg, uptimeMillis);
    }
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由上面的代碼能夠看出,Handler的sendMessage方法最後調用了sendMessageAtTime這個方法,其實,不管時sendMessage、sendEmptyMessage等方法最終都是調用sendMessageAtTime。能夠看到sendMessageAtTime這個方法最後返回的是*enqueueMessage(queue, msg, uptimeMillis);*下面看下這個方法,代碼以下

private boolean enqueueMessage(MessageQueue queue, Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
        msg.target = this;
        if (mAsynchronous) {
            msg.setAsynchronous(true);
        }
        return queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis);
    }
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這裏有一句代碼很是重要,

msg.target = this;
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這句代碼就是將當前的Handler賦值給了Message中的target變量。這樣,就將每一個調用sendMessage方法的Handler與Message進行了綁定。

enqueueMessage方法最後返回的是**queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis);**也就是調用了MessageQueue中的enqueueMessage方法,下面看下MessageQueue中的enqueueMessage方法,代碼以下

boolean enqueueMessage(Message msg, long when) {
        if (msg.target == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Message must have a target.");
        }
        if (msg.isInUse()) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(msg + " This message is already in use.");
        }

        synchronized (this) {
            if (mQuitting) {
                IllegalStateException e = new IllegalStateException(
                        msg.target + " sending message to a Handler on a dead thread");
                Log.w(TAG, e.getMessage(), e);
                msg.recycle();
                return false;
            }

            msg.markInUse();
            msg.when = when;
            Message p = mMessages;
            boolean needWake;
            if (p == null || when == 0 || when < p.when) {
                // New head, wake up the event queue if blocked.
                msg.next = p;
                mMessages = msg;
                needWake = mBlocked;
            } else {
                // Inserted within the middle of the queue. Usually we don't have to wake
                // up the event queue unless there is a barrier at the head of the queue
                // and the message is the earliest asynchronous message in the queue.
                needWake = mBlocked && p.target == null && msg.isAsynchronous();
                Message prev;
                for (;;) {
                    prev = p;
                    p = p.next;
                    if (p == null || when < p.when) {
                        break;
                    }
                    if (needWake && p.isAsynchronous()) {
                        needWake = false;
                    }
                }
                msg.next = p; // invariant: p == prev.next
                prev.next = msg;
            }

            // We can assume mPtr != 0 because mQuitting is false.
            if (needWake) {
                nativeWake(mPtr);
            }
        }
        return true;
    }
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上面的代碼就是將消息放進消息隊列中,若是消息已成功放入消息隊列,則返回true。失敗時返回false,而失敗的緣由一般是由於處理消息隊列正在退出。代碼分析到這裏能夠得出如下兩點結論了

  1. Handler在sendMessage時會將本身設置給Message的target變量即將本身與發送的消息綁定。
  2. Handler的sendMessage是將Message放入MessageQueue中。

到了這裏已經知道Handler的sendMessage是將消息放進MessageQueue中,那麼又是怎樣從MessageQueue中拿到消息的呢?想要知道答案請繼續閱讀。

怎樣從MessageQueue中獲取Message

  在文章的前面,貼出了ActivityThread類中的main方法的代碼,不知道細心的你有沒有注意到,在main方法的結尾處調用了一句代碼

Looper.loop();
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好了,如今能夠看看*Looper.loop();*這句代碼到底作了什麼了loop方法中的代碼以下

/** * Run the message queue in this thread. Be sure to call * {@link #quit()} to end the loop. */
    public static void loop() {
        final Looper me = myLooper();//經過myLooper方法拿到與主線程綁定的Looper
        if (me == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread.");
        }
        final MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;//從Looper中獲得MessageQueue

        // Make sure the identity of this thread is that of the local process,
        // and keep track of what that identity token actually is.
        Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
        final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();

        //開始死循環
        for (;;) {
            //從消息隊列中不斷取出消息
            Message msg = queue.next(); // might block
            if (msg == null) {
                // No message indicates that the message queue is quitting.
                return;
            }

            // This must be in a local variable, in case a UI event sets the logger
            final Printer logging = me.mLogging;
            if (logging != null) {
                logging.println(">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " " +
                        msg.callback + ": " + msg.what);
            }

            final long slowDispatchThresholdMs = me.mSlowDispatchThresholdMs;

            final long traceTag = me.mTraceTag;
            if (traceTag != 0 && Trace.isTagEnabled(traceTag)) {
                Trace.traceBegin(traceTag, msg.target.getTraceName(msg));
            }
            final long start = (slowDispatchThresholdMs == 0) ? 0 : SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
            final long end;
            try {
                //這句代碼是重點
                msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);
                end = (slowDispatchThresholdMs == 0) ? 0 : SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
            } finally {
                if (traceTag != 0) {
                    Trace.traceEnd(traceTag);
                }
            }
            if (slowDispatchThresholdMs > 0) {
                final long time = end - start;
                if (time > slowDispatchThresholdMs) {
                    Slog.w(TAG, "Dispatch took " + time + "ms on "
                            + Thread.currentThread().getName() + ", h=" +
                            msg.target + " cb=" + msg.callback + " msg=" + msg.what);
                }
            }

            if (logging != null) {
                logging.println("<<<<< Finished to " + msg.target + " " + msg.callback);
            }

            // Make sure that during the course of dispatching the
            // identity of the thread wasn't corrupted.
            final long newIdent = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
            if (ident != newIdent) {
                Log.wtf(TAG, "Thread identity changed from 0x"
                        + Long.toHexString(ident) + " to 0x"
                        + Long.toHexString(newIdent) + " while dispatching to "
                        + msg.target.getClass().getName() + " "
                        + msg.callback + " what=" + msg.what);
            }

            msg.recycleUnchecked();
        }
    }
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上面的代碼,我已經進行了部分註釋,這裏有一句代碼很是重要

msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);
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執行到這句代碼,說明已經從消息隊列中拿到了消息,還記得msg.target嗎?就是Message中的target變量呀!也就是發送消息的那個Handler,因此這句代碼的本質就是調用了Handler中的dispatchMessage(msg)方法,代碼分析到這裏是否是有點小激動了呢!穩住!下面看下dispatchMessage(msg)這個方法,代碼以下

/** * Handle system messages here. */
    public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) {
        if (msg.callback != null) {
            handleCallback(msg);
        } else {
            if (mCallback != null) {
                if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) {
                    return;
                }
            }
            handleMessage(msg);
        }
    }
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如今來一句句的來分析上面的代碼,先看下這句

if (msg.callback != null) {
            handleCallback(msg);
        } 
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msg.callback就是Runnable對象,當msg.callback不爲null時會調用 handleCallback(msg)方法,先來看下 handleCallback(msg)方法,代碼以下

private static void handleCallback(Message message) {
        message.callback.run();
    }
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上面的代碼就是調用了Runnable的run方法。那什麼狀況下**if (msg.callback != null)**這個條件成立呢!還記得使用Handler的另外一種方法嗎?就是調用Handler的post方法呀!這裏說明一下,使用Handler實際上是有兩種方法的

  1. 使用Handler的sendMessage方法,最後在handleMessage(Message msg)方法中來處理消息。
  2. 使用Handler的post方法,最後在Runnable的run方法中來處理,代碼以下
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity implements View.OnClickListener {
    private Button mTimeCycle,mStopCycle;
    private Runnable mRunnable;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        initView();
    }

    private void initView() {
        mTimeCycle = findViewById(R.id.btn_time_cycle);
        mTimeCycle.setOnClickListener(this);
        mStopCycle = findViewById(R.id.btn_stop_cycle);
        mStopCycle.setOnClickListener(this);


        mRunnable = new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "正在循環!!!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
                mHandler.postDelayed(mRunnable, 1000);
            }
        };
    }

    @Override
    public void onClick(View v) {
        switch (v.getId()) {
            case R.id.btn_time_cycle:
                mHandler.post(mRunnable);
                break;
            case R.id.btn_stop_cycle:
                mHandler.removeCallbacks(mRunnable);
                break;
        }
    }
}
複製代碼

第一種方法,咱們已經分析了,下面來分析一下第二種使用方式的原理,先看下Handler的post的方法作了什麼,代碼以下

/** * Causes the Runnable r to be added to the message queue. * The runnable will be run on the thread to which this handler is * attached. * * @param r The Runnable that will be executed. * * @return Returns true if the Runnable was successfully placed in to the * message queue. Returns false on failure, usually because the * looper processing the message queue is exiting. */
    public final boolean post(Runnable r) {
       return  sendMessageDelayed(getPostMessage(r), 0);
    }

 private static Message getPostMessage(Runnable r) {
        Message m = Message.obtain();
        m.callback = r;
        return m;
    }
複製代碼

由上面的代碼不難看出,post方法最終也是將Runnable封裝成消息,而後將消息放進MessageQueue中。下面繼續分析dispatchMessage方法中的代碼

else {
    		//if中的代碼實際上是和if (msg.callback != null) {handleCallback(msg);} 
    		//原理差很少的,只不過mCallback是Handler中的成員變量。
            if (mCallback != null) {
                if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) {
                    return;
                }
            }
    //當上面的條件都不成立時,就會調用這句代碼
            handleMessage(msg);
        }
複製代碼

上面的代碼就不分析了,我已經在代碼中進行了註釋,下面再看下**handleMessage(msg)**這個方法,代碼以下

/** * Subclasses must implement this to receive messages. */
    public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
    }
複製代碼

其實,他就是一個空方法,具體的代碼讓咱們本身重寫這個方法進行處理。代碼分析到這裏,已經能夠給出下面問題的答案了。

  • Handler明明是在子線程中發的消息怎麼會跑到主線程中了呢?
  • Handler的發送消息handleMessage又是怎麼接收到的呢?

在子線程中Handler在發送消息的時候已經把本身與當前的message進行了綁定,在經過Looper.loop()開啓輪詢message的時候,當得到message的時候會調用 與之綁定的Handler的**handleMessage(Message msg)**方法,因爲Handler是在主線程建立的,因此天然就由子線程切換到了主線程。

總結

  上面已經嗯將Handler的源碼分析了一遍,如今來進行一些總結:

一、Handler的工做原理

  在使用Handler以前必需要調用Looper.prepare()這句代碼,這句代碼的做用是將Looper與當前的線程進行綁定,在實例化Handler的時候,經過Looper.myLooper()獲取Looper,而後再得到Looper中的MessageQueue。在子線程中調用Handler的sendMessage方法就是將Message放入MessageQueue中,而後調用Looper.loop()方法來從MessageQueue中取出Message,在取到Message的時候,執行 **msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);**這句代碼,這句代碼就是從當前的Message中取出Handler而後執行Handler的handleMessage方法。

二、Handler、Message、MessageQueue以及Looper之間的關係

  在介紹它們之間的關係以前,先說一下它們各自的做用。

  • Handler:負責發送和處理消息。
  • Message:用來攜帶須要的數據。
  • MessageQueue:消息隊列,隊列裏面的內容就是Message。
  • Looper:消息輪巡器,負責不停的從MessageQueue中取Message。

它們的關係以下圖(圖片來源於網上)

三、在子線程中使用Handler

  在子線程中使用Handler的方式以下

class LooperThread extends Thread {
    public Handler mHandler;
    public void run() {
        Looper.prepare();
        mHandler = new Handler() {
            public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
                // process incoming messages here
            }
        };
        Looper.loop();
    }
}
複製代碼

上面的代碼來自官方的源碼。

結束語

  本文將Handler的機制詳細講解了一遍,包括在面試中有關Handler的一些問題,在文章中也能找到答案。順便說下閱讀代碼應該注意的地方,在分析源碼以前應該知道你分析代碼的目的,就是你爲了獲得什麼答案而分析代碼;在分析代碼時切記要避輕就重,不要想着要搞懂每句代碼作了什麼,要找準大方向。文中的代碼已上傳到GitHub,能夠在這裏獲取,與Handler有關的源碼在我上傳的源碼的handler包中。

ps: 歷史文章中有乾貨哦!

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