MapServer Tutorial——MapServer7.2.1教程學習——第一節用例實踐:Example1.3 Displaying Classes in a Layerhtml
1、前言web
關於第一節的案例,分別介紹了一個基本的地圖站點應用程序建立和多圖層地圖站點 應用程序建立。這個案例 主要來介紹一下mapfile文件中 LAYER 對象裏面,CLASS對象的應用。數據庫
同時還有如何根據CLASSITEM、EXPRESSION等配置去修改地圖的顯示方式。express
最後還有一個很酷炫的方法一次性讀取shp文件中的數據信息。瀏覽器
當前案例官網:https://www.mapserver.org/tutorial/example1-3.html#example1-3app
附帶一點其餘的,當前系列博客的大綱博文《MapServer Tutorial——MapServer7.2.1教程學習(大綱)》,我會持續更新。less
以及我所寫博文的應用環境 《MapServer Configuring with IIS》。學習
但願可以給新手帶來幫助。ui
2、建立Example1.3 Displaying Classes in a Layer站點this
老規矩,按照先前的建立站點規則。
在cmd中輸入:cd /d E:\SvnWorkspace\LY_WEB_GIS\branches\Documents\ms4w-mapserver-for-wimdows\release-1911-x64-gdal-2-3-3-mapserver-7-2-1\apps
在cmd中輸入:md Example1.3
在cmd中輸入:cd Example1.3
在cmd中輸入:md data
在cmd中輸入:md logs
在cmd中輸入:cd.>web.config
在cmd中輸入:cd.>example1_3.map
紅色標記路徑部分,按照你站點建立位置填寫。
修改web.config,內容以下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <configuration> <system.webServer> <handlers> <add name="MapServerFastCgi"
path="*" verb="*" type="" modules="FastCgiModule"
scriptProcessor="E:\SvnWorkspace\LY_WEB_GIS\branches\Documents\ms4w-mapserver-for-wimdows\release-1911-x64-gdal-2-3-3-mapserver-7-2-1\bin\mapserv.exe"
resourceType="Unspecified" requireAccess="Script" allowPathInfo="false" preCondition="" /> </handlers> <caching enabled="true" enableKernelCache="true" /> </system.webServer> </configuration>
打開IIS建立站點,站點名稱、應用程序池名稱爲:Example1.3。端口號:8013。
給應用程序池添加對logs文件夾的讀寫權限。
在cmd中輸入:icacls "E:\SvnWorkspace\LY_WEB_GIS\branches\Documents\ms4w-mapserver-for-wimdows\release-1911-x64-gdal-2-3-3-mapserver-7-2-1\apps\Example1.3\logs" /grant "IIS AppPool\Example1.3":(OI)(CI)RW
將states_ugl.dbf、states_ugl.shp、states_ugl.shx等文件複製到Example1.3中的data文件夾下面。
mapfile(example1_3.map)文件內容以下:
# The annotated map file (sort of) # Created by Pericles S. Nacionales for the MapServer tutorial # 20050408 # # MapServer map file uses the pound sign (#) to denote the start of a line # comment--each line that needs to be commented has to be prepended with a "#". # # Map files begin with MAP keyword to signify the start of the map object. # Well, the entire map file is THE map object. Enclosed between MAP and END # at the very bottom of this map file, are keyword/value pairs and other # objects. MAP IMAGETYPE PNG EXTENT -97.238976 41.619778 -82.122902 49.385620 SIZE 400 300 SHAPEPATH "./data" IMAGECOLOR 255 255 255 # Layer objects are defined beneath the map object. You need at least one # layer defined in your map file before you can display a map... You can # define as many layers as you'd like although a limit is typically hard-coded # in map.h in the MapServer source. The default limit is set at 100. You'd # have to have a very specialized application to need more than 100 layers in # your application. # Start of LAYER DEFINITIONS --------------------------------------------- LAYER # States polygon layer begins here NAME states_poly DATA states_ugl STATUS OFF TYPE POLYGON # CLASSITEM defines the non-spatial attribute that you will be using to # separate a layer into classes. This attribute will be in the DBF file # of your shapefile (it will be different for each data format). In this # example the shapefile states_ugl has an associated database # (states_ugl.dbf) that contains an attribute called "CLASS". You will be # using two values in the CLASS attribute to separate the classes (also # called themes) used in this layer--land and water. CLASSITEM is used in # association with the EXPRESSION parameter in the CLASS object. See below. CLASSITEM "CLASS" # The class object is defined within the layer object. You can define as # many classes as you need (well, there are limits as with layers, but it's # senseless to define more than ten on a "normal" layer. There are # situations, however, where you might have to do it.) CLASS NAME 'States' EXPRESSION 'land' # Only polygons where "CLASS" = 'land' will be drawn. # There are styles in a class, just like there are classes in a layer, # just like there are layers in a map. You can define multiple styles in # a class just as you can define multiple classes in a layer and multiple # layers in a map. STYLE COLOR 232 232 232 END END CLASS NAME 'Water' EXPRESSION 'water' # Only polygons where "CLASS" = 'water' will be drawn. STYLE COLOR 198 198 255 END END END # States polygon layer ends here LAYER # States line layer begins here NAME states_line DATA states_ugl STATUS OFF TYPE LINE CLASSITEM "CLASS" CLASS NAME 'State Boundary' EXPRESSION 'land' STYLE COLOR 32 32 32 END END END # States line layer ends here # End of LAYER DEFINITIONS ------------------------------- DEBUG 5 CONFIG "MS_ERRORFILE" "logs\ms.log" END # All map files must come to an end just as all other things must come to...
在瀏覽器中輸入:http://localhost:8013/mapserv?map=../apps/Example1.3/example1_3.map&layer=states_poly&layer=states_line&mode=map
URL參數解析通上一章《MapServer Tutorial——MapServer7.2.1教程學習——第一節用例實踐:Example1.2 Static Map with Two Layers》相同,詳見上一章URL參數解析。
一樣的shp數據文件,只是mapfile文件不一樣,而後 polygon 區域的顏色就不一樣。這就是mapfile中CLASS對象的不一樣配置致使的。
3、MapFile文件解析
mapfile文件結構以下:
MAP
(states_poly) LAYER----------|---------LAYER (states_line)
| |
(land) CLASS---|---CLASS (water) |-CLASS
| | |
STYLE-| |-STYLE |-STYLE
當前mapfile一樣只有兩個圖層(layer),可是 polygon(NAME值爲states_poly)的圖層卻有兩個 CLASS 對象。其中 polygon 顏色的區分是經過:CLASSITEM、EXPRESSION等兩個對象座椅區分的。
CLASSITEM
當一個layer使用多個CLASS時,CLASSITEM用於指定DBF文件(可理解爲shp文件的數據庫表)中,根據哪一個屬性(可理解爲當前表的字段)去使用對應的CLASS。
當前案例 states_ugl.shp 文件有多個 polygon 區域,states_ugl.shp記錄這個區域的矢量數據 polygon 所在區域、數量等。同時每一個polygon還包含其餘哪些屬性。
可是,states_ugl.shp 中的 polygon 的其餘屬性數據在 states_ugl.dbf 文件裏面。
打開cmd輸入:cd /d E:\SvnWorkspace\LY_WEB_GIS\branches\Documents\ms4w-mapserver-for-wimdows\release-1911-x64-gdal-2-3-3-mapserver-7-2-1\apps\Example1.3\data
在cmd中輸入:ogrinfo -al -so states_ugl.shp,查看當前shp文件的相關屬性數據。數據以下:
INFO: Open of `states_ugl.shp'
using driver `ESRI Shapefile' successful.
Layer name: states_ugl
Metadata:
DBF_DATE_LAST_UPDATE=2002-03-07
Geometry: Polygon
Feature Count: 204
Extent: (-97.238976, 41.619778) - (-82.122902, 49.385620)
Layer SRS WKT:
(unknown)
AREA: Real (12.3)
PERIMETER: Real (12.3)
STATESP020: Integer64 (11.0)
STATE: String (20.0)
STATE_FIPS: String (2.0)
CLASS: String (5.0)
能夠看到,shp的屬性中包含一個叫作CLASS的屬性。
在cmd中輸入:ogrinfo -al -ro states_ugl.dbf 。能夠查看當前shp文件的全部數據。
固然,輸入:ogrinfo -al -ro states_ugl.shp也能夠。由於目前案例中的數據文件是ESRI Shapefiles,因此最少包含三個文件,後綴名分別是:dbf、shp、shx,能夠查看:https://www.mapserver.org/input/vector/format_types.html
相關命令查看:https://gdal.org/ogrinfo.html
EXPRESSION
EXPRESSION,字面意思就是表達式。
當前mapfile中,對於 CLASS 對象,咱們根據 EXPRESSION 指定的屬性值去選擇 CLASS 應用到 LAYER 層上。
固然,EXPRESSION 能夠多個值,也能夠是邏輯表達式。詳情請看:https://www.mapserver.org/mapfile/expressions.html#expressions
4、後記
經過當前案例,主要學習了CLASSITEM、EXPRESSION等的簡單使用。
同時,也知道了如何經過GDAL包中的相關ogrinfo命令去查看shape文件中的相關數據。