Babel插件開發入門示例詳解

Babel簡介

Babel是Javascript編譯器,是種代碼到代碼的編譯器,一般也叫作『轉換編譯器』。css

Babel的工做過程

Babel的處理主要過程:解析(parse)、轉換(transform)、生成(generate)。node

  • 代碼解析
    詞法分析和語法分析構造AST。
  • 代碼轉換
    處理AST,處理工具、插件等就是在這個階段進行代碼轉換,返回新的AST。
  • 代碼生成
    遍歷AST,輸出代碼字符串。

    因此咱們須要對AST有必定了解才能進行Babel插件開發。react

AST

在這整個過程當中,都是圍繞着抽象語法樹(AST)來進行的。在Javascritp中,AST,簡單來講,就是一個記錄着代碼語法結構的Object。感興趣的同窗可到https://astexplorer.net/ 去深刻體驗
好比下面的代碼:git

import {Button} from 'antd';

import Card from 'antd/button/lib/index.js';

轉換成AST後以下,github

{
  "type": "Program",
  "start": 0,
  "end": 253,
  "body": [
    {
      "type": "ImportDeclaration",
      "start": 179,
      "end": 207,
      "specifiers": [
        {
          "type": "ImportSpecifier",
          "start": 187,
          "end": 193,
          "imported": {
            "type": "Identifier",
            "start": 187,
            "end": 193,
            "name": "Button"
          },
          "local": {
            "type": "Identifier",
            "start": 187,
            "end": 193,
            "name": "Button"
          }
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "type": "Literal",
        "start": 200,
        "end": 206,
        "value": "antd",
        "raw": "'antd'"
      }
    },
    {
      "type": "ImportDeclaration",
      "start": 209,
      "end": 253,
      "specifiers": [
        {
          "type": "ImportDefaultSpecifier",
          "start": 216,
          "end": 220,
          "local": {
            "type": "Identifier",
            "start": 216,
            "end": 220,
            "name": "Card"
          }
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "type": "Literal",
        "start": 226,
        "end": 252,
        "value": "antd/button/lib/index.js",
        "raw": "'antd/button/lib/index.js'"
      }
    }
  ],
  "sourceType": "module"
}

插件開發思路

  • 肯定咱們須要處理的節點類型
  • 處理節點
  • 返回新的節點

簡單插件結構

插件必須是一個函數,根據官方文檔要求,形式以下:json

module.exports = function ({ types: t }) {
    return {
        visitor: {
            ImportDeclaration(path, source){
                //todo
            },
            FunctionDeclaration(path, source){
                //todo
            },
        }    
    }
}

types來自@babel/types工具類,主要用途是在建立AST的過程當中判斷各類語法的類型和節點構造。數組

實現示例

不少同窗用過 babel-plugin-import ,它幫助咱們在使用一些JS類庫是達到按需加載。其實,該插件幫助咱們作了以下代碼轉換:babel

//from
import {Button } from 'antd';

//to
import Button from 'antd/es/button';
import 'antd/es/button/style.css';

咱們先看看二者的AST有何差異,以幫助咱們對轉換有個清晰的認識:antd

轉換前:函數

[{
      "type": "ImportDeclaration",
      "start": 6,
      "end": 45,
      "specifiers": [
        {
          "type": "ImportSpecifier",
          "start": 14,
          "end": 20,
          "imported": {
            "type": "Identifier",
            "start": 14,
            "end": 20,
            "name": "Button"
          },
          "local": {
            "type": "Identifier",
            "start": 14,
            "end": 20,
            "name": "Button"
          }
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "type": "Literal",
        "start": 28,
        "end": 44,
        "value": "antd/es/button",
        "raw": "'antd/es/button'"
      }
    }]

轉換後:

[{
  "type": "ImportDeclaration",
  "start": 5,
  "end": 41,
  "specifiers": [
    {
      "type": "ImportDefaultSpecifier",
      "start": 12,
      "end": 18,
      "local": {
        "type": "Identifier",
        "start": 12,
        "end": 18,
        "name": "Button"
      }
    }
  ],
  "source": {
    "type": "Literal",
    "start": 24,
    "end": 40,
    "value": "antd/es/button",
    "raw": "'antd/es/button'"
  }
},
{
  "type": "ImportDeclaration",
  "start": 46,
  "end": 76,
  "specifiers": [],
  "source": {
    "type": "Literal",
    "start": 53,
    "end": 75,
    "value": "antd/es/button/style",
    "raw": "'antd/es/button/style'"
  }
}]

對比兩棵樹,咱們應該有個大體的思路。在轉換過程當中,咱們還須要一些參數,這些參數在配置文件(package.json或者.babelrc)中,提供了一些自定義配置,好比antd的按需加載:

["import",{libraryName:"antd",libraryDireactory:"es","style":"css"}]

如今咱們開始嘗試實現這個插件吧:

module.exports = function ({ types: t }) {
return {
    visitor: {
        ImportDeclaration(path, source) {
            
            //取出參數
            const { opts: { libraryName, libraryDirectory='lib', style="css" } } = source;
            //拿到老的AST節點
            let node = path.node

            if(node.source.value !== libraryName){
                return;
            }
            //建立一個數組存入新生成AST
            let newImports = [];
            //構造新節點
            path.node.specifiers.forEach(item => {
                newImports.push(t.importDeclaration([t.importDefaultSpecifier(item.local)], t.stringLiteral(`${libraryName}/${libraryDirectory}/${item.local.name}`)));
                newImports.push(t.importDeclaration([], t.stringLiteral(`${libraryName}/${libraryDirectory}/style.${style}`)))
            });
            //替換原節點
            path.replaceWithMultiple(newImports);                
        }
    }
}

}

如今,簡單版本的@babel-plugin-import的babel插件咱們已經完成了。
若感興趣瞭解更多內容,babel插件中文開發文檔提供了不少詳細資料。

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