mac下安裝Python3.*(最新版本)

時間 2019-11-08

標籤 mac 安裝 python3 python 最新版本欄目 MacBook 简体版

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前言：mac系統自帶python，不過以當前mac系統的最新版本爲例，自帶的python版本都是2.*版本，雖然不影響老版本項目的運行，可是python最新的3.*版本的一些語法與2.*版本並不相同，網上的教程大神們也確定都更新出了最新版的教程，咱們不管是學習仍是使用，固然用最新版會更好一點。html

轉載請註明出處http://www.cnblogs.com/meng1314-shuai/p/9031686.htmlpython

一、在安裝最新版Python3.*以前，咱們先熟悉一下系統自帶的python。sql

　 Mac系統自帶python路徑爲／System／Library／Frameworks／Python.framework/Version,咱們先來打開目錄看一下：bootstrap

open /System/Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions

咱們看到這裏有多個python版本，而在Current目錄下存放的是系統當前的python版本。xcode

mac既然自帶了python，固然確定配置好了python的全局命令，咱們直接在終端運行：bash

python

運行正常。到這裏也差很少對mac系統自帶的python有所瞭解，接下來咱們開始安裝最新版本的python。app

二、開始安裝(這裏咱們使用神器homebrew，還不熟悉此神器的小夥伴請自行百度，也可點擊連接直接前往下載)ide

安裝前先搜索一下是否已經存在python3的包：post

brew search python3

已經存在，咱們能夠直接安裝了：學習

brew install python3

==> Auto-updated Homebrew!

Updated 1 tap (homebrew/core).

==> Updated Formulae

angular-cli fluent-bit links postgresql@9.6 texmath

byacc fn mlt qcachegrind tile38

caddy ipython osrm-backend rhino wtf

cfitsio ipython@5 postgresql siril

cfssl libpq postgresql@9.4 sundials

dnscrypt-proxy libpqxx postgresql@9.5 synfig

==> Installing dependencies for python: sphinx-doc, gdbm, openssl, sqlite, xz

==> Installing python dependency: sphinx-doc

==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/sphinx-doc-1.7.4.high_sierr

######################################################################## 100.0%

==> Pouring sphinx-doc-1.7.4.high_sierra.bottle.tar.gz

==> Caveats

This formula is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /usr/local,

because this formula is mainly used internally by other formulae.

Users are advised to use `pip` to install sphinx-doc.

If you need to have this software first in your PATH run:

echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/sphinx-doc/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile

==> Summary

🍺 /usr/local/Cellar/sphinx-doc/1.7.4: 2,642 files, 36.8MB

==> Installing python dependency: gdbm

==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/gdbm-1.14.1_1.high_sierra.b

######################################################################## 100.0%

==> Pouring gdbm-1.14.1_1.high_sierra.bottle.tar.gz

🍺 /usr/local/Cellar/gdbm/1.14.1_1: 20 files, 555.7KB

==> Installing python dependency: openssl

==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/openssl-1.0.2o_1.high_sierr

######################################################################## 100.0%

==> Pouring openssl-1.0.2o_1.high_sierra.bottle.tar.gz

==> Caveats

A CA file has been bootstrapped using certificates from the SystemRoots

keychain. To add additional certificates (e.g. the certificates added in

the System keychain), place .pem files in

/usr/local/etc/openssl/certs

and run

/usr/local/opt/openssl/bin/c_rehash

This formula is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /usr/local,

because Apple has deprecated use of OpenSSL in favor of its own TLS and crypto libraries.

If you need to have this software first in your PATH run:

echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/openssl/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile

For compilers to find this software you may need to set:

LDFLAGS: -L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib

CPPFLAGS: -I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include

For pkg-config to find this software you may need to set:

PKG_CONFIG_PATH: /usr/local/opt/openssl/lib/pkgconfig

==> Summary

🍺 /usr/local/Cellar/openssl/1.0.2o_1: 1,791 files, 12.3MB

==> Installing python dependency: sqlite

==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/sqlite-3.23.1.high_sierra.b

######################################################################## 100.0%

==> Pouring sqlite-3.23.1.high_sierra.bottle.tar.gz

==> Caveats

This formula is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /usr/local,

because macOS provides an older sqlite3.

If you need to have this software first in your PATH run:

echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/opt/sqlite/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile

For compilers to find this software you may need to set:

LDFLAGS: -L/usr/local/opt/sqlite/lib

CPPFLAGS: -I/usr/local/opt/sqlite/include

For pkg-config to find this software you may need to set:

PKG_CONFIG_PATH: /usr/local/opt/sqlite/lib/pkgconfig

==> Summary

🍺 /usr/local/Cellar/sqlite/3.23.1: 11 files, 3MB

==> Installing python dependency: xz

==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/xz-5.2.4.high_sierra.bottle

######################################################################## 100.0%

==> Pouring xz-5.2.4.high_sierra.bottle.tar.gz

🍺 /usr/local/Cellar/xz/5.2.4: 92 files, 1MB

==> Installing python

Warning: Building python from source:

The bottle needs the Apple Command Line Tools to be installed.

You can install them, if desired, with:

xcode-select --install

==> Downloading https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.5/Python-3.6.5.tar.xz

######################################################################## 100.0%

==> ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.6.5 --enable-ipv6 --dataroot

==> make

==> make install PYTHONAPPSDIR=/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.6.5

==> make frameworkinstallextras PYTHONAPPSDIR=/usr/local/Cellar/python/3.6.5/sha

==> Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/72/c2/c09362ab29338413ab

######################################################################## 100.0%

==> Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ae/e8/2340d46ecadb1692a1

######################################################################## 100.0%

==> Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/5d/c1/45947333669b31bc6b

######################################################################## 100.0%

==> make html

Error: An unexpected error occurred during the `brew link` step

The formula built, but is not symlinked into /usr/local

Permission denied @ dir_s_mkdir - /usr/local/Frameworks

Error: Permission denied @ dir_s_mkdir - /usr/local/Frameworks

全部的包都下載完畢，可是咱們卻發現最後報了兩條錯誤，大概意思是公式已經創建，可是在建立鏈接的時候由於沒有權限而發生意外錯誤。在報錯信息裏咱們看到一個目錄/usr/local/Frameworks，咱們先去找一下這個目錄：

open /usr/local/Frameworks

發現這個目錄居然不存在，那咱們就來手動建立一個：

sudo mkdir /usr/local/Frameworks

建立好目錄以後，再來解決權限問題：

sudo chown $(whoami):admin /usr/local/Frameworks

不報錯即爲修改爲功，修改好權限以後，還須要手動執行一下安裝時未完成的建立鏈接：

brew link python3

鏈接成功。我們來查看一下當前系統下的python3的信息：

brew info python3

發現python3被安裝到了/usr/local/bin/python3目錄下，有興趣的小夥伴自行前往查看想過配置文件。

到這裏python3的安裝就算完成了，不過可能有小夥伴已經發現，無論是在終端運行python -V查看版本號仍是直接運行python啓動python命令行模式，默認的python版本仍是系統自帶的2.*版本。其實這時候只運行命令時須要把python改成python3就好了，固然，有興趣的小夥伴也能夠嘗試配置一下默認版本，把當前系統的默認版本修改成3.*版本。知乎上已經貼出了各類各樣的方法，我這裏就很少作贅述了。

轉載請註明出處http://www.cnblogs.com/meng1314-shuai/p/9031686.html

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