CentOS6.x靜默安裝Oracle12c
1、準備
1.1 安裝環境
系統要求java
內存 > 2G 安裝目錄空間 > 6.5G /tmp目錄空間 > 1G
操做系統linux
cat /etc/redhat-release
用rpm命令確認軟件是否已安裝c++
rpm -q binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libXext libXtst libX11 libXau libxcb libXi make sysstat
提示未安裝的軟件用yum安裝sql
yum install -y compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 libaio-devel libXext libXtst libX11 libXau libxcb libXi sysstat
確認安裝shell
1.2 建立用戶
groupadd oinstall groupadd oper groupadd dba useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper oracle # 修改密碼 passwd oracle
1.3 修改系統參數
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
追加：數據庫
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 fs.file-max = 6815744 kernel.shmall = 2097152 kernel.shmmax = 536870912 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048586
使配置生效vim
/sbin/sysctl -p
1.4 修改用戶Limits
vi /etc/security/limits.conf
追加：centos
oracle soft nofile 65536 oracle hard nofile 65536 oracle soft nproc 16384 oracle hard nproc 16384 oracle stack nproc 10240 oracle stack nproc 10240
1.5 建立相關目錄
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/12c/db_1 mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/archlog chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01
1.6 配置環境變量
su - oracle vi .bash_profile
追加：bash
# Oracle Settings COLUMNS=132; export COLUMNS LINES=47; export LINES EDITOR=vi; export EDITOR TMP=/tmp; export TMP TMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIR ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12c/db_1; export ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID=orcl; export ORACLE_SID SHLIB_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH;export SHLIB_PATH NLS_LANG=American_America.zhs16gbk;export NLS_LANG ORA_NLS10=$ORACLE_HOME/nls/data;export ORA_NLS10 TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin;export TNS_ADMIN ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM PATH=/usr/sbin:$PATH; export PATH PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH; export PATH LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jre:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib; export CLASSPATH alias glance=/opt/perf/bin/glance:x alias gohome='cd /u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0' alias cdb='cd /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/bdump' alias cdu='cd /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/udump'
使配置生效oracle
source .bash_profile
1.7 修改/etc/hosts
vi /etc/hosts 添加: xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx your_host_name
1.8 上傳文件
unzip -d orainstall oracle-12.1.0.2-linux-x86_64.zip
2、安裝oracle
2.1 新建靜默安裝的應答文件
su - oracle vi 12102db_install.rsp
內容，注意hostname，和相關路徑要與實際相符
###################################################################### ## Copyright(c) Oracle Corporation 1998,2013. All rights reserved. ## ## ## ## Specify values for the variables listed below to customize ## ## your installation. ## ## ## ## Each variable is associated with a comment. The comment ## ## can help to populate the variables with the appropriate ## ## values. ## ## ## ## IMPORTANT NOTE: This file contains plain text passwords and ## ## should be secured to have read permission only by oracle user ## ## or db administrator who owns this installation. ## ## ## ###################################################################### #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Do not change the following system generated value. #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- oracle.install.responseFileVersion=/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v12.1.0 #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Specify the installation option. # It can be one of the following: # - INSTALL_DB_SWONLY # - INSTALL_DB_AND_CONFIG # - UPGRADE_DB #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Specify the hostname of the system as set during the install. It can be used # to force the installation to use an alternative hostname rather than using the # first hostname found on the system. (e.g., for systems with multiple hostnames # and network interfaces) #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ORACLE_HOSTNAME=ser6-51 #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Specify the Unix group to be set for the inventory directory. #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Specify the location which holds the inventory files. # This is an optional parameter if installing on # Windows based Operating System. #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Specify the languages in which the components will be installed. # # en : English ja : Japanese # fr : French ko : Korean # ar : Arabic es : Latin American Spanish # bn : Bengali lv : Latvian # pt_BR: Brazilian Portuguese lt : Lithuanian # bg : Bulgarian ms : Malay # fr_CA: Canadian French es_MX: Mexican Spanish # ca : Catalan no : Norwegian # hr : Croatian pl : Polish # cs : Czech pt : Portuguese # da : Danish ro : Romanian # nl : Dutch ru : Russian # ar_EG: Egyptian zh_CN: Simplified Chinese # en_GB: English (Great Britain) sk : Slovak # et : Estonian sl : Slovenian # fi : Finnish es_ES: Spanish # de : German sv : Swedish # el : Greek th : Thai # iw : Hebrew zh_TW: Traditional Chinese # hu : Hungarian tr : Turkish # is : Icelandic uk : Ukrainian # in : Indonesian vi : Vietnamese # it : Italian # # all_langs : All languages # # Specify value as the following to select any of the languages. # Example : SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,fr,ja # # Specify value as the following to select all the languages. # Example : SELECTED_LANGUAGES=all_langs #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Specify the complete path of the Oracle Home. #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/12c/db_1 #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Specify the complete path of the Oracle Base. #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Specify the installation edition of the component. # # The value should contain only one of these choices. # - EE : Enterprise Edition # - SE : Standard Edition # - SEONE : Standard Edition One # - PE : Personal Edition (WINDOWS ONLY) #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE ################################################################################# # # # PRIVILEGED OPERATING SYSTEM GROUPS # # ------------------------------------------ # # Provide values for the OS groups to which OSDBA and OSOPER privileges # # needs to be granted. If the install is being performed as a member of the # # group "dba", then that will be used unless specified otherwise below. # # # # The value to be specified for OSDBA and OSOPER group is only for UNIX based # # Operating System. # # # ############################################################################### #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # The DBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSDBA privileges. #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # The OPER_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSOPER privileges. # The value to be specified for OSOPER group is optional. #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oper #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # The BACKUPDBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSBACKUPDBA privileges. #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oracle.install.db.BACKUPDBA_GROUP=dba #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # The DGDBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSDGDBA privileges. #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oracle.install.db.DGDBA_GROUP=dba #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # The KMDBA_GROUP is the OS group which is to be granted OSKMDBA privileges. #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oracle.install.db.KMDBA_GROUP=dba ################################################################################ # # # Database Configuration Options # # # ################################################################################ #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Specify the type of database to create. # It can be one of the following: # - GENERAL_PURPOSE/TRANSACTION_PROCESSING # - DATA_WAREHOUSE #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type= #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Specify the Starter Database Global Database Name. #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName= #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Specify the Starter Database SID. #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID= #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Specify whether the database should be configured as a Container database. #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- oracle.install.db.ConfigureAsContainerDB= #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Specify the Pluggable Database name for the pluggable database in Container Database. #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- oracle.install.db.config.PDBName= #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Specify the Starter Database character set. # # One of the following # AL32UTF8, WE8ISO8859P15, WE8MSWIN1252, EE8ISO8859P2, # EE8MSWIN1250, NE8ISO8859P10, NEE8ISO8859P4, BLT8MSWIN1257, # BLT8ISO8859P13, CL8ISO8859P5, CL8MSWIN1251, AR8ISO8859P6, # AR8MSWIN1256, EL8ISO8859P7, EL8MSWIN1253, IW8ISO8859P8, # IW8MSWIN1255, JA16EUC, JA16EUCTILDE, JA16SJIS, JA16SJISTILDE, # KO16MSWIN949, ZHS16GBK, TH8TISASCII, ZHT32EUC, ZHT16MSWIN950, # ZHT16HKSCS, WE8ISO8859P9, TR8MSWIN1254, VN8MSWIN1258 #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet= #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # This variable should be set to true if Automatic Memory Management # in Database is desired. # If Automatic Memory Management is not desired, and memory allocation # is to be done manually, then set it to false. #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption= #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Specify the total memory allocation for the database. Value(in MB) should be # at least 256 MB, and should not exceed the total physical memory available # on the system. # Example: oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=512 #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit= ################################################################################# # # # Passwords can be supplied for the following four schemas in the # # starter database: # # SYS # # SYSTEM # # DBSNMP (used by Enterprise Manager) # # # # Same password can be used for all accounts (not recommended) # # or different passwords for each account can be provided (recommended) # # # ################################################################################# #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # This variable holds the password that is to be used for all schemas in the # starter database. #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Specify the SYS password for the starter database. #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS= #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Specify the SYSTEM password for the starter database. #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM= #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Specify the DBSNMP password for the starter database. #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP= #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # Specify the PDBADMIN password required for creation of Pluggable Database in the Container Database. #------------------------------------------------------------------------------- oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.PDBADMIN= #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Specify whether user doesn't want to configure Security Updates. # The value for this variable should be true if you don't want to configure # Security Updates, false otherwise. # # The value can be either true or false. If left blank it will be assumed # to be false. # # Example : DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=false #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Specify the auto-updates option. It can be one of the following: # - MYORACLESUPPORT_DOWNLOAD # - OFFLINE_UPDATES # - SKIP_UPDATES #------------------------------------------------------------------------------ oracle.installer.autoupdates.option=SKIP_UPDATES
2.2 靜默安裝軟件
chmod 777 /home/oracle/orainstall/runInstaller chmod 777 /home/oracle/orainstall/install/.oui chmod 777 /home/oracle/orainstall/install/unzip su - oracle cd /home/oracle/orainstall ./runInstaller -silent -ignorePrereq -responseFile /home/oracle/12102db_install.rsp
若是提示不能訪問臨時目錄，執行以下命令後，再從新執行runInstaller。
chmod 777 /tmp/CVU_12.1.0.2.0_oracle/*
執行完成安裝命令後會當即返回，能夠使用tail -f 安裝日誌，查看安裝進度，安裝完成的話會讓執行兩個命令： 使用root執行：
sh /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh sh /u01/app/oracle/product/12c/db_1/root.sh
若是想從新安裝
rm -rf /u01/app/oraInventory cd $ORACLE_HOME rm *
3、建庫
3.1 建響應文件
vi /home/oracle/dbca.rsp
內容：
[GENERAL] RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "12.1.2.0" OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase" [CREATEDATABASE] GDBNAME = "orcl" SID = "orcl" TEMPLATENAME = "New_Database.dbt" SYSPASSWORD = "orcl" SYSTEMPASSWORD = "orcl" SYSMANPASSWORD = "orcl" DBSNMPPASSWORD = "orcl" DATAFILEDESTINATION ="/u01/app/oracle/oradata" STORAGETYPE=FS CHARACTERSET = "ZHS16GBK" DATABASETYPE = "MULTIPURPOSE" AUTOMATICMEMORYMANAGEMENT = "FALSE"
3.2 靜默建庫
dbca -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/dbca.rsp export ORACLE_SID=orcl sqlplus / as sysdba
進入sqlplus後執行，結果應顯示OPEN
select status from v$instance;
4、配監聽
4.1 應答文件
vi 12102_netca.rsp
內容
[GENERAL]
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION="12.1"
CREATE_TYPE="CUSTOM"
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : SHOW_GUI
# Datatype : Boolean
# Description: This variable controls appearance/suppression of the NetCA GUI,
# Pre-req : N/A
# Default : TRUE
# Note:
# This must be set to false in order to run NetCA in silent mode.
# This is a substitute of "/silent" flag in the NetCA command line.
# The command line flag has precedence over the one in this response file.
# This feature is present since 10.1.0.3.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#SHOW_GUI=false
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# Name : LOG_FILE
# Datatype : String
# Description: If present, NetCA will log output to this file in addition to the
# standard out.
# Pre-req : N/A
# Default : NONE
# Note:
# This is a substitute of "/log" in the NetCA command line.
# The command line argument has precedence over the one in this response file.
# This feature is present since 10.1.0.3.
#-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#LOG_FILE=""/oracle12cHome/network/tools/log/netca.log""
[oracle.net.ca]
#INSTALLED_COMPONENTS;StringList;list of installed components
# The possible values for installed components are:
# "net8","server","client","aso", "cman", "javavm"
INSTALLED_COMPONENTS={"server","net8","javavm"}
#INSTALL_TYPE;String;type of install
# The possible values for install type are:
# "typical","minimal" or "custom"
INSTALL_TYPE=""typical""
#LISTENER_NUMBER;Number;Number of Listeners
# A typical install sets one listener
LISTENER_NUMBER=1
#LISTENER_NAMES;StringList;list of listener names
# The values for listener are:
# "LISTENER","LISTENER1","LISTENER2","LISTENER3", ...
# A typical install sets only "LISTENER"
LISTENER_NAMES="LISTENER"
#LISTENER_PROTOCOLS;StringList;list of listener addresses (protocols and parameters separated by semicolons)
# The possible values for listener protocols are:
# "TCP;1521","TCPS;2484","NMP;ORAPIPE","IPC;IPCKEY","VI;1521"
# A typical install sets only "TCP;1521"
LISTENER_PROTOCOLS="TCP;1521"
#LISTENER_START;String;name of the listener to start, in double quotes
LISTENER_START=""LISTENER""
#NAMING_METHODS;StringList;list of naming methods
# The possible values for naming methods are:
# LDAP, TNSNAMES, ONAMES, HOSTNAME, NOVELL, NIS, DCE
# A typical install sets only: "TNSNAMES","ONAMES","HOSTNAMES"
# or "LDAP","TNSNAMES","ONAMES","HOSTNAMES" for LDAP
NAMING_METHODS={"TNSNAMES","ONAMES","HOSTNAME"}
#NOVELL_NAMECONTEXT;String;Novell Directory Service name context, in double quotes
# A typical install does not use this variable.
#NOVELL_NAMECONTEXT = ""NAMCONTEXT""
#SUN_METAMAP;String; SUN meta map, in double quotes
# A typical install does not use this variable.
#SUN_METAMAP = ""MAP""
#DCE_CELLNAME;String;DCE cell name, in double quotes
# A typical install does not use this variable.
#DCE_CELLNAME = ""CELL""
#NSN_NUMBER;Number;Number of NetService Names
# A typical install sets one net service name
NSN_NUMBER=1
#NSN_NAMES;StringList;list of Net Service names
# A typical install sets net service name to "EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA"
NSN_NAMES="EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA"
#NSN_SERVICE;StringList;Oracle12c database's service name
# A typical install sets Oracle12c database's service name to "PLSExtProc"
NSN_SERVICE="PLSExtProc"
4.2 靜默配監聽
netca -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/12102_netca.rsp
5、開機啓動
5.1 設置開機啓動
/u01/app/oracle/product/12c/db_1/bin/dbstart
假如執行/u01/app/oracle/product/12c/db_1/bin/dbstart報錯：
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER is not SET, unable to auto-start Oracle Net Listener Usage: /u01/app/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/dbstart ORACLE_HOME
ddd
修改dbstart文件，將 ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1 修改成 ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME 修改/etc/oratab： 添加： orcl:/u01/app/oracle/product/12c/db_1:Y 1 修改/etc/rc.d/rc.local 添加一行： su oracle -lc /u01/app/oracle/product/12c/db_1/bin/dbstart /u01/app/oracle/product/12c/dbhome_1爲oracle的安裝目錄，要根據實際狀況進行修改。 vim /etc/oratab 將 orcl:/u01/app/oracle/product/12c/db_1:Y 中的「N」改成「Y」
5.2 重啓
重啓後，plsql鏈接數據庫，sys/orcl
參考
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