038-LVM配置過程詳解
1. 理解LVM概念
LVM:logical Volume Manager 邏輯卷管理器node
VG：Volume Group 卷組，是單個或多個物理卷的集合web
PV：physical volume 物理卷，物理卷是LVM的邏輯存儲塊，物理卷是磁盤分區的邏輯對應關係，LVM提供的命令可使物理磁盤進行物理卷的分區，以後多個物理卷造成卷組app
LV:Logical Volume 邏輯卷，就是LVM邏輯上的分區，咱們能夠指定從卷組中提取多少容量來建立邏輯卷，最後對邏輯卷格式化並掛載使用ide
PE：physical Extent，物理長度是將物理卷組合成爲卷組後，所劃分的最小存儲單位，即邏輯意義上磁盤的最小存儲單元，LVM默認PE大小爲4MB工具
2. 使用命令（pvcreate,vgcreate,lvcreate,pvs,vgs,lvs）
以前一小節理解了概念，那麼如何理論加實踐？pvcreate將分區轉換爲物理卷的命令。vgcreate是將物理卷整合成卷組，lvcreate是將卷組中提取的容量建立邏輯卷 ，建立完成以後用pvdisplay,vgdisplay,lvdisplay 能夠查看狀態。ui
pvcreate: pvcreate /dev/sda this
vgcreate:vgcreate VGgroup00 /dev/sda1 /dev/sda2spa
vgcreate VGgroup01 -s 16M /dev/sda1 /dev/sda2 ＃定義ＰＥ大小１６Ｍcode
lvcreate: lvcreate -L 1G -n test-lv test-vg #建立容量爲1G的邏輯卷orm
lvcreate -l 200 -n test-lv test-vg ＃使用２００個ＰＥ建立邏輯卷，ＰＥ大小爲１６Ｍ
lvcreate -L 1G -n test-lv test-vg /dev/sda3 #指定使用/dev/sdb6這個物理卷的存儲空間
3.實戰演練
3.1 分區
[root@cnsz142728 ~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
VolGroup00 1 6 0 wz--n- 98.97g 8.97g
[root@cnsz142728 ~]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/sda2 VolGroup00 lvm2 a-- 98.97g 8.97g
[root@cnsz142728 ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
LVhome VolGroup00 -wi-ao---- 2.00g
LVpalog VolGroup00 -wi-ao---- 30.00g
LVroot VolGroup00 -wi-ao---- 20.00g
LVswap VolGroup00 -wi-ao---- 8.00g
LVtmp VolGroup00 -wi-ao---- 10.00g
LVvar VolGroup00 -wi-ao---- 20.00g
[root@cnsz142728 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xa4652d68.
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
After that, of course, the previous content won't be recoverable.
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
sectors (command 'u').
Command (m for help): m
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-6527, default 1): 1
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (1-6527, default 6527): 2000
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sdb: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk identifier: 0xa4652d68
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 2000 16064968+ 83 Linux
Command (m for help): n
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 2
First cylinder (2001-6527, default 2001):
Using default value 2001
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (2001-6527, default 6527): 4000
...重複操做...
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 2000 16064968+ 83 Linux
/dev/sdb2 2001 4000 16065000 83 Linux
/dev/sdb4 4001 6527 20298127+ 83 Linux
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
使用fdisk工具只是將分區信息寫到磁盤，若是須要mkfs磁盤分區則須要重啓系統，而使用partprobe則可使kernel從新讀取分區信息，從而避免重啓系統。
[root@cnsz142728 ~]# partprobe /dev/sdb
3.2 使用pvdisplay查看結果
這個時候的sda4是沒有進行物理卷的生成
[root@cnsz142728 ~]# pvdisplay --- Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sda2 VG Name VolGroup00 PV Size 99.00 GiB / not usable 31.00 MiB Allocatable yes PE Size 32.00 MiB Total PE 3167 Free PE 287 Allocated PE 2880 PV UUID ysQSII-3CCh-8PiV-Of3P-5iXh-kSFc-1QZb8P "/dev/sdb1" is a new physical volume of "15.32 GiB" --- NEW Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sdb1 VG Name PV Size 15.32 GiB Allocatable NO PE Size 0 Total PE 0 Free PE 0 Allocated PE 0 PV UUID SrPRqp-yyhm-LcX5-KVHk-upN2-A1zo-cw06T6 "/dev/sdb2" is a new physical volume of "15.32 GiB" --- NEW Physical volume --- PV Name /dev/sdb2 VG Name PV Size 15.32 GiB Allocatable NO PE Size 0 Total PE 0 Free PE 0 Allocated PE 0 PV UUID 3gPnzn-m4sc-UE8K-Dq9i-hP5D-vnIm-Q0xUNf
3.3 建立卷組
[root@cnsz142728 ~]# vgcreate Catlron_007 /dev/sdb{1,2}
Volume group "Catlron_007" successfully created
[root@cnsz142728 ~]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/sda2 VolGroup00 lvm2 a-- 98.97g 8.97g
/dev/sdb1 Catlron_007 lvm2 a-- 15.32g 15.32g
/dev/sdb2 Catlron_007 lvm2 a-- 15.32g 15.32g
[root@cnsz142728 ~]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name Catlron_007
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 1
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 0
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 30.63 GiB
PE Size 4.00 MiB
Total PE 7842
Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0
Free PE / Size 7842 / 30.63 GiB
VG UUID OQfuUj-uQAk-bMXs-CZn1-NUkg-IwTv-gNuW3o
--- Volume group ---
VG Name VolGroup00
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 1
Metadata Sequence No 7
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 6
Open LV 6
Max PV 0
Cur PV 1
Act PV 1
VG Size 98.97 GiB
PE Size 32.00 MiB
Total PE 3167
Alloc PE / Size 2880 / 90.00 GiB
Free PE / Size 287 / 8.97 GiB
VG UUID jZb7ls-eYSl-Z9a7-esT2-8EnG-GS2w-phNLyI
3.4 建立邏輯卷
[root@cnsz142728 ~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
Carlton_TT 2 0 0 wz--n- 30.63g 30.63g
VolGroup00 1 6 0 wz--n- 98.97g 8.97g
[root@cnsz142728 ~]# lvcreate -L 1G -n test VolGroup00
Logical volume "test" created
[root@cnsz142728 ~]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
Carlton_TT 2 0 0 wz--n- 30.63g 30.63g
VolGroup00 1 7 0 wz--n- 98.97g 7.97g
[root@cnsz142728 ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
LVhome VolGroup00 -wi-ao---- 2.00g
LVpalog VolGroup00 -wi-ao---- 30.00g
LVroot VolGroup00 -wi-ao---- 20.00g
LVswap VolGroup00 -wi-ao---- 8.00g
LVtmp VolGroup00 -wi-ao---- 10.00g
LVvar VolGroup00 -wi-ao---- 20.00g
test VolGroup00 -wi-a----- 1.00g
若是出現報錯，好比Faied to activate new LV
能夠去看看/etc/lvm/lvm.conf 中的配置中是否是有卷組名稱
# If any host tags exist but volume_list is not defined, a default
# single-entry list containing "@*" is assumed.
#
volume_list = ["Carlton_TT" "VolGroup00", "VolGroup01", "VolGroup02", "@cnsz142728" ]
[root@cnsz142728 ~]# mkdir /test/mumu
[root@cnsz142728 ~]# mount /dev/Carlton_TT/music /test/mumu
[root@cnsz142728 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LVroot 20G 2.5G 17G 14% /
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LVhome 2.0G 68M 1.9G 4% /home
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LVtmp 9.9G 151M 9.2G 2% /tmp
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LVvar 20G 292M 19G 2% /var
/dev/sda1 1008M 63M 895M 7% /boot
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LVpalog 30G 182M 28G 1% /palog
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-test 1008M 34M 924M 4% /test/web
/dev/mapper/Carlton_TT-music 9.9G 151M 9.2G 2% /test/mumu
3.5 格式化並掛載磁盤
[root@cnsz142728 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/VolGroup00/test
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
65536 inodes, 262144 blocks
13107 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=268435456
8 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 29 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
看提示
tune2fs -i0 -c0 /dev/VolGroup00/test
[root@cnsz142728 ~]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
LVhome VolGroup00 -wi-ao---- 2.00g
LVpalog VolGroup00 -wi-ao---- 30.00g
LVroot VolGroup00 -wi-ao---- 20.00g
LVswap VolGroup00 -wi-ao---- 8.00g
LVtmp VolGroup00 -wi-ao---- 10.00g
LVvar VolGroup00 -wi-ao---- 20.00g
test VolGroup00 -wi-a----- 1.00g
[root@cnsz142728 ~]# mount /dev/VolGroup00/test /mnt/
[root@cnsz142728 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LVroot 20G 2.5G 17G 14% /
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 1008M 63M 895M 7% /boot
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LVhome 2.0G 68M 1.9G 4% /home
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LVtmp 9.9G 151M 9.2G 2% /tmp
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LVvar 20G 292M 19G 2% /var
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LVpalog 30G 182M 28G 1% /palog
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-test 1008M 34M 924M 4% /mnt
設置自動掛載，若是沒有掛載上去， 系統能夠幫你掛載上去
[root@cnsz142728 ~]# cat >>/etc/fstab <<EOF
> /dev/VolGroup00/test /test/web ext4 defaults 0 0
> EOF
[root@cnsz142728 ~]# mount -a
[root@cnsz142728 ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LVroot 20G 2.5G 17G 14% /
tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 1008M 63M 895M 7% /boot
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LVhome 2.0G 68M 1.9G 4% /home
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LVtmp 9.9G 151M 9.2G 2% /tmp
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LVvar 20G 292M 19G 2% /var
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LVpalog 30G 182M 28G 1% /palog
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-test 1008M 34M 924M 4% /test/web
4.磁盤碰見問題的常見處理方式
4.1 邏輯卷不夠用擴卷（由原來的1G擴到1.5G ）
能夠線上操做，不會影響該卷的原來數據，lvextend -L +500M /dev/XXX 以後記得用resize2fs 進行生效
[root@cnsz142728 ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LVroot 20G 2.5G 17G 14% / /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LVhome 2.0G 68M 1.9G 4% /home /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LVtmp 9.9G 151M 9.2G 2% /tmp /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LVvar 20G 292M 19G 2% /var /dev/sda1 1008M 63M 895M 7% /boot tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LVpalog 30G 182M 28G 1% /palog /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-test 1008M 34M 924M 4% /test/web /dev/mapper/Carlton_TT-music 9.9G 151M 9.2G 2% /test/mumu [root@cnsz142728 ~]# lvextend -L +500M /dev/VolGroup00/test Rounding size to boundary between physical extents: 512.00 MiB Extending logical volume test to 1.50 GiB Logical volume test successfully resized [root@cnsz142728 ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LVroot 20G 2.5G 17G 14% / /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LVhome 2.0G 68M 1.9G 4% /home /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LVtmp 9.9G 151M 9.2G 2% /tmp /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LVvar 20G 292M 19G 2% /var /dev/sda1 1008M 63M 895M 7% /boot tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LVpalog 30G 182M 28G 1% /palog /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-test 1008M 34M 924M 4% /test/web /dev/mapper/Carlton_TT-music 9.9G 151M 9.2G 2% /test/mumu [root@cnsz142728 ~]# lvs LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert music Carlton_TT -wi-ao---- 10.00g LVhome VolGroup00 -wi-ao---- 2.00g LVpalog VolGroup00 -wi-ao---- 30.00g LVroot VolGroup00 -wi-ao---- 20.00g LVswap VolGroup00 -wi-ao---- 8.00g LVtmp VolGroup00 -wi-ao---- 10.00g LVvar VolGroup00 -wi-ao---- 20.00g test VolGroup00 -wi-ao---- 1.50g [root@cnsz142728 ~]# resize2fs /dev/VolGroup00/test resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Filesystem at /dev/VolGroup00/test is mounted on /test/web; on-line resizing required old desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 1 Performing an on-line resize of /dev/VolGroup00/test to 393216 (4k) blocks. The filesystem on /dev/VolGroup00/test is now 393216 blocks long. [root@cnsz142728 ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LVroot 20G 2.5G 17G 14% / /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LVhome 2.0G 68M 1.9G 4% /home /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LVtmp 9.9G 151M 9.2G 2% /tmp /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LVvar 20G 292M 19G 2% /var /dev/sda1 1008M 63M 895M 7% /boot tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LVpalog 30G 182M 28G 1% /palog /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-test 1.5G 34M 1.4G 3% /test/web /dev/mapper/Carlton_TT-music 9.9G 151M 9.2G 2% /test/mumu
4.2 卷組不夠用
vgextend 卷組名 /dev/sdb*
[root@cnsz142728 ~]# pvs PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/sda2 VolGroup00 lvm2 a-- 98.97g 7.47g /dev/sdb1 Carlton_TT lvm2 a-- 15.32g 5.32g /dev/sdb2 Carlton_TT lvm2 a-- 15.32g 15.32g [root@cnsz142728 ~]# fdisk -l |grep sdb Disk /dev/sdb: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes /dev/sdb1 1 2000 16064968+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 2001 4000 16065000 83 Linux /dev/sdb4 4001 6527 20298127+ 83 Linux [root@cnsz142728 ~]# vgextend Carlton_TT /dev/sdb4 No physical volume label read from /dev/sdb4 Physical volume /dev/sdb4 not found Physical volume "/dev/sdb4" successfully created Volume group "Carlton_TT" successfully extended [root@cnsz142728 ~]# pvs PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/sda2 VolGroup00 lvm2 a-- 98.97g 7.47g /dev/sdb1 Carlton_TT lvm2 a-- 15.32g 5.32g /dev/sdb2 Carlton_TT lvm2 a-- 15.32g 15.32g /dev/sdb4 Carlton_TT lvm2 a-- 19.36g 19.36g [root@cnsz142728 ~]# vgs VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree Carlton_TT 3 1 0 wz--n- 49.99g 39.99g VolGroup00 1 7 0 wz--n- 98.97g 7.47g
4.3 當邏輯卷不夠用時，能夠縮卷
縮卷之間先umount,
注意，邏輯卷和文件系統保持同樣的大小
[root@cnsz142728 ~]# e2fsck -f /dev/mapper/Carlton_TT-music e2fsck 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes Pass 2: Checking directory structure Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity Pass 4: Checking reference counts Pass 5: Checking group summary information /dev/mapper/Carlton_TT-music: 11/655360 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 79663/2621440 blocks [root@cnsz142728 ~]# resize2fs /dev/mapper/Carlton_TT-music 500M resize2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010) Resizing the filesystem on /dev/mapper/Carlton_TT-music to 128000 (4k) blocks. The filesystem on /dev/mapper/Carlton_TT-music is now 128000 blocks long. [root@cnsz142728 ~]# lvreduce -L 500M /dev/mapper/Carlton_TT-music WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to 500.00 MiB THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.) Do you really want to reduce music? [y/n]: y Reducing logical volume music to 500.00 MiB Logical volume music successfully resized [root@cnsz142728 ~]# mount /dev/Carlton_TT/music /test/mumu [root@cnsz142728 ~]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LVroot 20G 2.5G 17G 14% / /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LVhome 2.0G 68M 1.9G 4% /home /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LVtmp 9.9G 151M 9.2G 2% /tmp /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LVvar 20G 292M 19G 2% /var /dev/sda1 1008M 63M 895M 7% /boot tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LVpalog 30G 182M 28G 1% /palog /dev/mapper/VolGroup00-test 1.5G 34M 1.4G 3% /test/web /dev/mapper/Carlton_TT-music 492M 136M 332M 30% /test/mumu
4.4 若是某一塊磁盤或者分區故障瞭如何將數據快速轉移到相同的卷組其餘的空間去
a、經過pvmove命令轉移空間數據
b、經過vgreduce命令將即將壞的磁盤或者分區從卷組vgdata裏面移除除去。
c、經過pvremove命令將即將壞的磁盤或者分區從系統中刪除掉。
d、手工拆除硬盤或者經過一些工具修復分區。
[root@cnsz142728 ~]# pvs PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/sda2 VolGroup00 lvm2 a-- 98.97g 7.47g /dev/sdb1 Carlton_TT lvm2 a-- 15.32g 14.83g /dev/sdb2 Carlton_TT lvm2 a-- 15.32g 15.32g /dev/sdb4 Carlton_TT lvm2 a-- 19.36g 19.36g [root@cnsz142728 ~]# pvmove /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdb2 /dev/sdb1: Moved: 0.0% /dev/sdb1: Moved: 100.0% [root@cnsz142728 ~]# pvs PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/sda2 VolGroup00 lvm2 a-- 98.97g 7.47g /dev/sdb1 Carlton_TT lvm2 a-- 15.32g 15.32g /dev/sdb2 Carlton_TT lvm2 a-- 15.32g 14.83g /dev/sdb4 Carlton_TT lvm2 a-- 19.36g 19.36g [root@cnsz142728 ~]# vgs VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree Carlton_TT 3 1 0 wz--n- 49.99g 49.50g VolGroup00 1 7 0 wz--n- 98.97g 7.47g [root@cnsz142728 ~]# vgreduce Carlton_TT /dev/sdb1 Removed "/dev/sdb1" from volume group "Carlton_TT" [root@cnsz142728 ~]# vgs VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree Carlton_TT 2 1 0 wz--n- 34.67g 34.18g VolGroup00 1 7 0 wz--n- 98.97g 7.47g [root@cnsz142728 ~]# pvremove /dev/sdb1 Labels on physical volume "/dev/sdb1" successfully wiped [root@cnsz142728 ~]# fdisk -l |grep sdb Disk /dev/sdb: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes /dev/sdb1 1 2000 16064968+ 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 2001 4000 16065000 83 Linux /dev/sdb4 4001 6527 20298127+ 83 Linux [root@cnsz142728 ~]# pvs PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree /dev/sda2 VolGroup00 lvm2 a-- 98.97g 7.47g /dev/sdb2 Carlton_TT lvm2 a-- 15.32g 14.83g /dev/sdb4 Carlton_TT lvm2 a-- 19.36g 19.36g
4.5 刪除整個邏輯卷
a、先經過umount命令卸載掉邏輯卷test
b、修改/etc/fstab裏面邏輯卷的掛載信息，不然系統有可能啓動不起來。
c、經過lvremove 刪除邏輯卷test
d、經過vgremove 刪除卷組Carlton_TT
e、經過pvremove 將物理卷轉化成普通分區。
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