前言html
TensorFlow Lite是一款專門針對移動設備的深度學習框架,移動設備深度學習框架是部署在手機或者樹莓派等小型移動設備上的深度學習框架,能夠使用訓練好的模型在手機等設備上完成推理任務。這一類框架的出現,能夠使得一些推理的任務能夠在本地執行,不須要再調用服務器的網絡接口,大大減小了預測時間。在前幾篇文章中已經介紹了百度的paddle-mobile,小米的mace,還有騰訊的ncnn。這在本章中咱們將介紹谷歌的TensorFlow Lite。java
TensorFlow Lite的GitHub地址:node
github.com/tensorflow/…python
正文android
轉換模型git
手機上執行預測,首先須要一個訓練好的模型,這個模型不能是TensorFlow原來格式的模型,TensorFlow Lite使用的模型格式是另外一種格式的模型。github
下面就介紹如何使用這個格式的模型。 獲取模型主要有兩種方法,第一種是在訓練的時候就保存tflite模型,另一種就是使用其餘格式的TensorFlow模型轉換成tflite模型。ubuntu
最方便的就是在訓練的時候保存tflite格式的模型,主要是使用到tf.contrib.lite.toco_convert()接口,下面就是一個簡單的例子:bash
import tensorflow as tf
img = tf.placeholder(name="img", dtype=tf.float32, shape=(1, 64, 64, 3))
val = img + tf.constant([1., 2., 3.]) + tf.constant([1., 4., 4.])
out = tf.identity(val, name="out")
with tf.Session() as sess:
tflite_model = tf.contrib.lite.toco_convert(sess.graph_def, [img], [out])
open("converteds_model.tflite", "wb").write(tflite_model)
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最後得到的converteds_model.tflite文件就能夠直接在TensorFlow Lite上使用。服務器
第二種就是把tensorflow保存的其餘模型轉換成tflite,咱們能夠在如下的連接下載模型。tensorflow模型地址以下所示:
上面提供的模型同時也包括了tflite模型,咱們能夠直接拿來使用,可是咱們也能夠使用其餘格式的模型來轉換。好比咱們下載一個mobilenet_v1_1.0_224.tgz,解壓以後得到如下文件:
mobilenet_v1_1.0_224.ckpt.data-00000-of-00001 mobilenet_v1_1.0_224_eval.pbtxt mobilenet_v1_1.0_224.tflite
mobilenet_v1_1.0_224.ckpt.index mobilenet_v1_1.0_224_frozen.pb
mobilenet_v1_1.0_224.ckpt.meta mobilenet_v1_1.0_224_info.txt
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首先要安裝Bazel,能夠參考:
只須要完成Installing using binary installer這一部分便可。而後克隆TensorFlow的源碼:
git clone https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow.git
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接着編譯轉換工具,這個編譯時間可能比較長:
cd tensorflow/
bazel build tensorflow/python/tools:freeze_graph
bazel build tensorflow/contrib/lite/toco:toco
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得到到轉換工具以後,咱們就能夠開始轉換模型了,如下操做是凍結圖。
./freeze_graph --input_graph=/mobilenet_v1_1.0_224/mobilenet_v1_1.0_224_frozen.pb
--input_checkpoint=/mobilenet_v1_1.0_224/mobilenet_v1_1.0_224.ckpt
--input_binary=true
--output_graph=/tmp/frozen_mobilenet_v1_224.pb
--output_node_names=MobilenetV1/Predictions/Reshape_1
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如下操做就是把已經凍結的圖轉換成.tflite:
./toco --input_file=/tmp/mobilenet_v1_1.0_224_frozen.pb
--input_format=TENSORFLOW_GRAPHDEF
--output_format=TFLITE
--output_file=/tmp/mobilenet_v1_1.0_224.tflite
--inference_type=FLOAT
--input_type=FLOAT
--input_arrays=input
--output_arrays=MobilenetV1/Predictions/Reshape_1
--input_shapes=1,224,224,3
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通過上面的步驟就能夠獲取到mobilenet_v1_1.0_224.tflite模型了,以後咱們會在Android項目中使用它。
開發Android項目
有了上面的模型以後,咱們就使用Android Studio建立一個Android項目,一路默認就能夠了,並不須要C++的支持,由於咱們使用到的TensorFlow Lite是Java代碼的,開發起來很是方便。
一、建立完成以後,在app目錄下的build.gradle配置文件加上如下配置信息: 在dependencies下加上包的引用,第一個是圖片加載框架Glide,第二個就是咱們這個項目的核心TensorFlow Lite:
implementation 'com.github.bumptech.glide:glide:4.3.1'
implementation 'org.tensorflow:tensorflow-lite:0.0.0-nightly'
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而後在android下加上如下代碼,這個主要是限制不要對tensorflow lite的模型進行壓縮,壓縮以後就沒法加載模型了:
//set no compress models
aaptOptions {
noCompress "tflite"
}
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在main目錄下建立assets文件夾,這個文件夾主要是存放tflite模型和label名稱文件。
如下是主界面的代碼MainActivity.java,這個代碼比較長,咱們來分析這段代碼,重要的方法介紹以下:
package com.yeyupiaoling.testtflite;
import android.Manifest;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.content.res.AssetFileDescriptor;
import android.content.res.AssetManager;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.annotation.NonNull;
import android.support.annotation.Nullable;
import android.support.v4.app.ActivityCompat;
import android.support.v4.content.ContextCompat;
import android.support.v7.app.AlertDialog;
import android.support.v7.app.AppCompatActivity;
import android.text.method.ScrollingMovementMethod;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;
import com.bumptech.glide.Glide;
import com.bumptech.glide.load.engine.DiskCacheStrategy;
import com.bumptech.glide.request.RequestOptions;
import org.tensorflow.lite.Interpreter;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.MappedByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private static final String TAG = MainActivity.class.getName();
private static final int USE_PHOTO = 1001;
private static final int START_CAMERA = 1002;
private String camera_image_path;
private ImageView show_image;
private TextView result_text;
private String assets_path = "lite_images";
private boolean load_result = false;
private int[] ddims = {1, 3, 224, 224};
private int model_index = 0;
private List<String> resultLabel = new ArrayList<>();
private Interpreter tflite = null;
private static final String[] PADDLE_MODEL = {
"mobilenet_v1",
"mobilenet_v2"
};
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
init_view();
readCacheLabelFromLocalFile();
}
// initialize view
private void init_view() {
request_permissions();
show_image = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.show_image);
result_text = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.result_text);
result_text.setMovementMethod(ScrollingMovementMethod.getInstance());
Button load_model = (Button) findViewById(R.id.load_model);
Button use_photo = (Button) findViewById(R.id.use_photo);
Button start_photo = (Button) findViewById(R.id.start_camera);
load_model.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
showDialog();
}
});
// use photo click
use_photo.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
if (!load_result) {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "never load model", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
return;
}
PhotoUtil.use_photo(MainActivity.this, USE_PHOTO);
}
});
// start camera click
start_photo.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
if (!load_result) {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "never load model", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
return;
}
camera_image_path = PhotoUtil.start_camera(MainActivity.this, START_CAMERA);
}
});
}
/**
* Memory-map the model file in Assets.
*/
private MappedByteBuffer loadModelFile(String model) throws IOException {
AssetFileDescriptor fileDescriptor = getApplicationContext().getAssets().openFd(model + ".tflite");
FileInputStream inputStream = new FileInputStream(fileDescriptor.getFileDescriptor());
FileChannel fileChannel = inputStream.getChannel();
long startOffset = fileDescriptor.getStartOffset();
long declaredLength = fileDescriptor.getDeclaredLength();
return fileChannel.map(FileChannel.MapMode.READ_ONLY, startOffset, declaredLength);
}
// load infer model
private void load_model(String model) {
try {
tflite = new Interpreter(loadModelFile(model));
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, model + " model load success", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
Log.d(TAG, model + " model load success");
tflite.setNumThreads(4);
load_result = true;
} catch (IOException e) {
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, model + " model load fail", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
Log.d(TAG, model + " model load fail");
load_result = false;
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
public void showDialog() {
AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(MainActivity.this);
// set dialog title
builder.setTitle("Please select model");
// set dialog icon
builder.setIcon(android.R.drawable.ic_dialog_alert);
// able click other will cancel
builder.setCancelable(true);
// cancel button
builder.setNegativeButton("cancel", null);
// set list
builder.setSingleChoiceItems(PADDLE_MODEL, model_index, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
model_index = which;
load_model(PADDLE_MODEL[model_index]);
dialog.dismiss();
}
});
// show dialog
builder.show();
}
private void readCacheLabelFromLocalFile() {
try {
AssetManager assetManager = getApplicationContext().getAssets();
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(assetManager.open("cacheLabel.txt")));
String readLine = null;
while ((readLine = reader.readLine()) != null) {
resultLabel.add(readLine);
}
reader.close();
} catch (Exception e) {
Log.e("labelCache", "error " + e);
}
}
@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, @Nullable Intent data) {
String image_path;
RequestOptions options = new RequestOptions().skipMemoryCache(true).diskCacheStrategy(DiskCacheStrategy.NONE);
if (resultCode == Activity.RESULT_OK) {
switch (requestCode) {
case USE_PHOTO:
if (data == null) {
Log.w(TAG, "user photo data is null");
return;
}
Uri image_uri = data.getData();
Glide.with(MainActivity.this).load(image_uri).apply(options).into(show_image);
// get image path from uri
image_path = PhotoUtil.get_path_from_URI(MainActivity.this, image_uri);
// predict image
predict_image(image_path);
break;
case START_CAMERA:
// show photo
Glide.with(MainActivity.this).load(camera_image_path).apply(options).into(show_image);
// predict image
predict_image(camera_image_path);
break;
}
}
}
// predict image
private void predict_image(String image_path) {
// picture to float array
Bitmap bmp = PhotoUtil.getScaleBitmap(image_path);
ByteBuffer inputData = PhotoUtil.getScaledMatrix(bmp, ddims);
try {
// Data format conversion takes too long
// Log.d("inputData", Arrays.toString(inputData));
float[][] labelProbArray = new float[1][1001];
long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
// get predict result
tflite.run(inputData, labelProbArray);
long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
long time = end - start;
float[] results = new float[labelProbArray[0].length];
System.arraycopy(labelProbArray[0], 0, results, 0, labelProbArray[0].length);
// show predict result and time
int r = get_max_result(results);
String show_text = "result:" + r + " name:" + resultLabel.get(r) + " probability:" + results[r] + " time:" + time + "ms";
result_text.setText(show_text);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
// get max probability label
private int get_max_result(float[] result) {
float probability = result[0];
int r = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < result.length; i++) {
if (probability < result[i]) {
probability = result[i];
r = i;
}
}
return r;
}
// request permissions
private void request_permissions() {
List<String> permissionList = new ArrayList<>();
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.CAMERA) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
permissionList.add(Manifest.permission.CAMERA);
}
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
permissionList.add(Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
}
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
permissionList.add(Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);
}
// if list is not empty will request permissions
if (!permissionList.isEmpty()) {
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this, permissionList.toArray(new String[permissionList.size()]), 1);
}
}
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
switch (requestCode) {
case 1:
if (grantResults.length > 0) {
for (int i = 0; i < grantResults.length; i++) {
int grantResult = grantResults[i];
if (grantResult == PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED) {
String s = permissions[i];
Toast.makeText(this, s + " permission was denied", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
}
break;
}
}
}
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AndroidManifest.xml下加上申請的權限,用到了相機和讀取外部存儲的內存:
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
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而後還要在application下加上如下的配置信息,這個主要是爲了兼容Android 7.0的相機:
<!-- FileProvider配置訪問路徑,適配7.0及其以上 -->
<provider
android:name="android.support.v4.content.FileProvider"
android:authorities="com.yeyupiaoling.testtflite.fileprovider"
android:exported="false"
android:grantUriPermissions="true">
<meta-data
android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"
android:resource="@xml/file_paths"/>
</provider>
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以後在res建立一個xml目錄,而後建立一個file_paths.xml文件,在這個文件中加上如下代碼,這個是咱們拍照以後圖片存放的位置:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
<external-path
name="images"
path="lite_mobile/" />
</resources>
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主界面佈局代碼activity_main.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
tools:context=".MainActivity">
<LinearLayout
android:id="@+id/btn1_ll"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_alignParentBottom="true"
android:orientation="horizontal">
<Button
android:id="@+id/use_photo"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:text="相冊" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/start_camera"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:text="拍照" />
</LinearLayout>
<LinearLayout
android:id="@+id/btn2_ll"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_above="@id/btn1_ll"
android:orientation="horizontal">
<Button
android:id="@+id/load_model"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:text="加載模型" />
</LinearLayout>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/result_text"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="150dp"
android:layout_above="@id/btn2_ll"
android:hint="預測結果會在這裏顯示"
android:inputType="textMultiLine"
android:textSize="16sp"
tools:ignore="TextViewEdits" />
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/show_image"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_above="@id/result_text"
android:layout_alignParentTop="true" />
</RelativeLayout>
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如下就是效果圖片: