Docker & Kubenetes 系列四:集羣,擴容,升級,回滾

本篇將會講解應用部署到Kubenetes集羣,集羣副本集查看,集羣自愈能力演示,集羣擴容,滾動升級,以及回滾。html

本篇是Docker&Kubenetes系列的第四篇,在前面的篇幅中,咱們向Kubenetes中部署了單個應用實例。若是單個節點故障了,那麼服務就不可用了,這在實際環境中是不能接受的。在實際的正式環境中,咱們不只要避免單點,還要根據負載變化動態的調整節點數量。爲了實現這個目的,咱們能夠藉助於Kubenetes的Deployment,Deployment能夠建立指定數量的Pod,並有自愈能力,還能完成升級更新及回滾操做。nginx

向Kubenetes中部署一個3節點的集羣

和以前介紹的同樣部署集羣也由過yml配置文件開始的,本例咱們依然使用前面篇幅中建立的docker鏡像來部署集羣。Deployment配置文件內容以下,這個配置文件是從Kubenetes官網複製的,手寫yml文件太容易出錯了,yml格式挺煩的。docker

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: my-first-demo-dep
  labels:
    app: my-first-demo
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: my-first-demo
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: my-first-demo
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: my-first-demo
        image: hellodm/my-first-demo:v1.0
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80

配置文件中,replicas=3表示要啓動3個副本,使用的鏡像是hellodm/my-first-demo:v1.0。配置完了以後,咱們來啓動集羣,命令以下:api

$ kubectl create -f dep.yml       
deployment.apps/my-first-demo-dep created

咱們來看查看副本集狀況:app

$ kubectl get rs                     
NAME                          DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AGE
my-first-demo-dep-5647fd55f   3         3         3       3m15s

在查看一下pod:運維

$ kubectl get pods
NAME                                READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
my-first-demo-dep-5647fd55f-4wzxs   1/1     Running   0          22s
my-first-demo-dep-5647fd55f-c9lwx   1/1     Running   0          22s
my-first-demo-dep-5647fd55f-nnwt6   1/1     Running   0          22s

暴露集羣,使得咱們能夠在訪問集羣內部的應用。curl

$ kubectl apply -f svc.yml                  
service/my-first-demo-svc created

訪問:網站

$ curl 'http://localhost:30000/'
<h1>Hello world! <h1>

OK,成功了。ui

Kubenetes 擴容演示

上面咱們部署了3個節點的集羣,假設如今3個節點已經有點吃力了,咱們準備擴展到4個節點。編輯上面的Deployment文件,修改的地方以下:this

spec:
  replicas: 4

其餘的不變,只是replicas爲4了。從新啓動一下看看:

$ kubectl apply -f dep.yml --record=true             
deployment.apps/my-first-demo-dep configured

看下副本集,以下,變成4個了。

$ kubectl get rs 
NAME                           DESIRED   CURRENT   READY   AGE
my-first-demo-dep-5647fd55f    4         4         4       10h

檢查Kubenetes集羣的自愈性

咱們來刪掉2個Pod,模擬宕機狀況,執行kubectl delete pod命令,以下:

$ kubectl delete pod my-first-demo-dep-5647fd55f-4wzxs my-first-demo-dep-5647fd55f-c9lwx

立馬查看Pod是否恢復:

$ kubectl get pods                                                                      
NAME                                READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
my-first-demo-dep-5647fd55f-bxpn7   1/1     Running   0          25s
my-first-demo-dep-5647fd55f-nnwt6   1/1     Running   0          5m8s
my-first-demo-dep-5647fd55f-vwxgz   1/1     Running   0          25s

能夠看到仍是3臺,從NAME和AGE能夠看出,多了兩個新的。OK,至此,咱們演示了擴容和自愈性。

Kubenetes滾動升級

爲了演示滾動升級,咱們先製做v2.0版本的鏡像,修改index的內容爲:

<h1>Hello worldls , this is Version 2.</h1>

這裏我故意拼錯了一個單詞,別急,後面有妙用。下面咱們來

製做v2.0的鏡像:

$ docker build . -t my-frist-demo:v2.0  
Sending build context to Docker daemon  6.144kB
Step 1/2 : FROM nginx
 ---> 602e111c06b6
Step 2/2 : COPY index.html /usr/share/nginx/html
 ---> 7484909c0df2
Successfully built 7484909c0df2
Successfully tagged my-frist-demo:v2.0

發佈鏡像:

$ docker tag my-frist-demo:v2.0 hellodm/my-first-demo:v2.0

$ docker push hellodm/my-first-demo:v2.0                  
The push refers to repository [docker.io/hellodm/my-first-demo]
a3e37d09f192: Preparing 
b3003aac411c: Preparing 
216cf33c0a28: Preparing 
c2adabaecedb: Layer already exists 
denied: requested access to the resource is denied

修改deployment的配置文件,改用v2.0的鏡像,以下:

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: my-first-demo-dep
  labels:
    app: my-first-demo
spec:
  replicas: 3
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: my-first-demo
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: my-first-demo
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: my-first-demo
        image: hellodm/my-first-demo:v2.0
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80

執行發佈,此次附帶了一個參數--record=true讓 Kubernetes 把這行命令記到發佈歷史中方便後面查看。

$ kubectl apply -f dep.yml --record=true
deployment.apps/my-first-demo-dep configured

趕忙查看一下pod狀態以下,能夠發現已經在滾動發佈了,ContainerCreating狀態的表示新版本的容器正在啓動,Running的是新版本的已經運行起來了,Terminating的這個是老版本正在中止。

$ kubectl get pods
NAME                                 READY   STATUS              RESTARTS   AGE
my-first-demo-dep-54596847d8-6m4n9   0/1     ContainerCreating   0          2s
my-first-demo-dep-54596847d8-jrm8g   1/1     Running             0          4s
my-first-demo-dep-5647fd55f-cbcrz    1/1     Running             0          56s
my-first-demo-dep-5647fd55f-ll7tt    0/1     Terminating         0          56s
my-first-demo-dep-5647fd55f-s8d6l    1/1     Running             0          56s

再趕快查看一下滾動發佈的狀態:

$ kubectl rollout status deployment my-first-demo-dep
Waiting for rollout to finish: 1 old replicas are pending termination...
deployment "my-first-demo-dep" successfully rolled out

如上命令所表示,隨着最後一個old replicas 終止,新版本的deployment成功發佈了successfully rolled out

簡直是太激動了,驗證一下是否是3個pod,以下,沒問題,3個Running狀態。

$ kubectl get pods
NAME                                 READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
my-first-demo-dep-54596847d8-6m4n9   1/1     Running   0          36s
my-first-demo-dep-54596847d8-jrm8g   1/1     Running   0          38s
my-first-demo-dep-54596847d8-nqgmn   1/1     Running   0          34s

訪問一下看看:

$ curl 'http://localhost:30000/'
<h1>Hello worldls , this is Version 2.</h1>

已是新版本了,惋惜啊,新版本有問題啊!單詞拼錯了,world寫成了worldls,咱們來趕忙回滾一下。

Kubenetes應用集羣回滾

上面咱們使用滾動發佈,將網站升級爲version2了。可是有錯誤,咱們來查看一下發布歷史:

$ kubectl rollout history deployment my-first-demo-dep
deployment.extensions/my-first-demo-dep 
REVISION  CHANGE-CAUSE
1         kubectl apply --filename=dep.yml --record=true
2         kubectl apply --filename=dep.yml --record=true

能夠看到,有兩個版本,咱們回滾到版本1,執行以下命令:

$ kubectl rollout undo deployment my-first-demo-dep --to-revision=1
deployment.extensions/my-first-demo-dep rolled back

查看回滾過程狀態:

$ kubectl rollout status deployment my-first-demo-dep
Waiting for deployment "my-first-demo-dep" rollout to finish: 2 out of 3 new replicas have been updated...
Waiting for deployment "my-first-demo-dep" rollout to finish: 2 out of 3 new replicas have been updated...
Waiting for deployment "my-first-demo-dep" rollout to finish: 2 out of 3 new replicas have been updated...
Waiting for deployment "my-first-demo-dep" rollout to finish: 1 old replicas are pending termination...
Waiting for deployment "my-first-demo-dep" rollout to finish: 1 old replicas are pending termination...
deployment "my-first-demo-dep" successfully rolled out

上面的日誌顯示了完整的回滾過程,看到最後一行successfully rolled out輸出的時候,說明回滾完成了。這時候響應的應該就是 Hello world!,咱們來驗證一下回滾效果:

$ curl 'http://localhost:30000/'
<h1>Hello world! <h1>

OK,成功了,回滾到了沒有錯誤的原始版本。

總結

本篇演示了Kubenetes集羣發佈,集羣副本集查看,集羣自愈能力演示,集羣擴容,滾動升級,以及回滾。然而這一切來得是如此的簡單,咱們只須要修改一下配置,執行一個命令,剩下的工做Kubenetes都幫咱們作了。當我在回顧我幾年前所在的某家公司的時候,程序升級上線都是由運維手工完成,雖然也完成了任務,可是那種原始的操做方式,在時下若是還有人用的話,那簡直是不敢想象。

Docker & k8s 系列一:快速上手docker
Docker & k8s 系列二:本機k8s環境搭建
Docker & k8s 系列三:在k8s中部署單個服務實例
alt 逃離沙漠公衆號

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