DHCP服務配置之主服務器配置

1.DHCP簡介：

DHCP（Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol，動態主機配置協議）一般被應用在大型的局域網絡環境中，主要做用是集中的管理、分配IP地址，使網絡環境中的主機動態的得到IP地址、Gateway地址、DNS服務器地址等信息，並可以提高地址的使用率。

2.DHCP服務器簡介:

DHCP服務器指的是由服務器控制一段IP地址範圍，客戶端登陸服務器時就能夠自動得到服務器分配的IP地址和子網掩碼。

3.安裝DHCP軟件

[root@localhost Server]# rpm -ivh dhcp-3.0.5-21.el5.x86_64.rpm

[root@localhost Server]# yum install   dhcp -y    

4.安裝後DHCP生成的軟件文件路徑（部分）

[root@localhost Server]# rpm -ql dhcp
/etc/dhcpd.conf
/etc/rc.d/init.d/dhcpd
/etc/rc.d/init.d/dhcrelay
/etc/sysconfig/dhcpd
/etc/sysconfig/dhcrelay
/usr/bin/omshell
/usr/sbin/dhcpd（啓動腳本）
/usr/sbin/dhcrelay
/usr/share/doc/dhcp-3.0.5/api+protocol
/usr/share/doc/dhcp-3.0.5/dhcpd.conf.sample（重點文件）
/var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases （租約文件）

5.配置文件說明

說明：CentOS 5.X之前的配置文件路徑 是/etc/dhcpd.conf     新版的配置文件路徑 是/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf

[root@localhost Server]#cat /etc/dhcpd.conf
# DHCP Server Configuration file.
# see /usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.sample （說明配置文件的模版路徑 ）
[root@localhost Server]# cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp-3.0.5/dhcpd.conf.sample   /etc/dhcpd.conf

[root@localhost Server]# cat /etc/dhcpd.conf

#這部分是全局設置    

option domain-name"zzhz.com"; #設置"域名"體如今/etc/resolv.conf中的search

option domain-name-servers IP1, IP2;    # DNS設置，會修改客戶端的/etc/resolv.conf

default-lease-time 259200;   租約時間

max-lease-time 518400;   最大租約時間

ddns-update-style none;  #也有這個值 interim; 

 ignore client-updates;

#subnet ：指定子網做用域(動態IP)

subnet 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {

range dynamic-bootp 192.168.0.128 192.168.0.254;#地址範圍  有使用這個range dynamic-BOOTP

option routers 192.168.0.1;   #網關

option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0; #子網掩碼

 

option nis-domain "domain.org"; 

option broadcast-address 192.168.0.255;#廣播地址

option time-offset -18000; #時區時間

option ntp-servers 192.168.1.1;

 option netbios-name-servers 192.168.1.1;

option netbios-node-type 2;

# 固定IP地址設置
　　host win7 {
　　hardware ethernet 12:34:56:78:AB:CD;
　　fixed-address 207.175.42.254;
　　}
}

6.重啓服務和語法檢查

[root@localhost Server]# service dhcpd restart
啓動 dhcpd： [肯定]
[root@localhost Server]# service dhcpd configtest
Syntax: OK

7.防火牆設置

iptables -I INPUT 1 -p tcp tcp --dport 67  -j ACCEPT

iptables -I INPUT 1 -p tcp tcp --dport 68  -j ACCEPT

iptables -I INPUT 1 -p tcp udp --dport 67  -j ACCEPT

iptables -I INPUT 1 -p tcp udp --dport 68 -j ACCEPT

8.一些文件說明： 

tailf /var/log/messages   服務器端：顯示客戶端請求IP過程
Aug 21 16:13:45 localhost dhcpd: Sending on LPF/eth0/00:0c:29:52:2f:a0/192.168.80/24
Aug 21 16:13:45 localhost dhcpd: Sending on Socket/fallback/fallback-net
Aug 21 16:13:50 localhost dhcpd: DHCPREQUEST for 192.168.80.200 from 00:0c:29:b8:d1:2a via eth0
Aug 21 16:13:50 localhost dhcpd: DHCPACK on 192.168.80.200 to 00:0c:29:b8:d1:2a via eth0
Aug 21 16:14:02 localhost dhcpd: DHCPREQUEST for 192.168.80.200 from 00:0c:29:b8:d1:2a via eth0
Aug 21 16:14:02 localhost dhcpd: DHCPACK on 192.168.80.200 to 00:0c:29:b8:d1:2a via eth0
Aug 21 16:15:31 localhost dhcpd: DHCPDISCOVER from 00:0c:29:f4:21:01 via eth0
Aug 21 16:15:31 localhost dhcpd: DHCPOFFER on 192.168.80.199 to 00:0c:29:f4:21:01 via eth0
Aug 21 16:15:32 localhost dhcpd: DHCPREQUEST for 192.168.80.199 (192.168.80.100) from 00:0c:29:f4:21:01 via eth0
Aug 21 16:15:32 localhost dhcpd: DHCPACK on 192.168.80.199 to 00:0c:29:f4:21:01 via eth0

服務器端：顯示分配過的IP信息

cat /var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases

客戶端：顯示客戶端請求到的IP信息

cat /var/lib//dhclient/dhclient-eth0.leases

服務器端：若是有我個網卡，設置其中一個接受客戶端DHCP請求接口

[root@localhost Server]# cat /etc/sysconfig/dhcpd 

DHCPDARGS="eht0"