Oracle DG(Data Guard)支持異構平臺說明

Oracle DG(Data Guard)支持異構平臺說明 


一.說明


OracleData Guard 最簡單的配置是主備庫的環境都同樣,可是在有些狀況下須要異構的配置,好比在遷移時爲了減小停機時間或者零停機,可能就須要使用異構的DG 配置。node

關於Oralce DataGuard 異構平臺的搭建,MOS上有2篇文章專門來講明:數據庫

Data Guard Support for HeterogeneousPrimary and Logical Standbys in Same Data Guard Configuration [ID 1085687.1]服務器

Data Guard Support for HeterogeneousPrimary and Physical Standbys in Same Data Guard Configuration [ID 413484.1]app


Prior to DataGuard 11g, the Data Guard Broker did not support different word-size in the same Data Guard configuration, thus requiring management from the SQL*Plus command line for mixed word-size Data Guard configurations. Thisrestriction is lifted from Data Guard 11g onward.less

--在Oracle 11g 以前,DG Broker 不支持不一樣word-size的DG 配置,所以須要修改word-size. 到了Oracle 11g 以後,DG 就沒有了這個限制。ide

Changing between 32-bit and 64-bit WordSizes [ID 62290.1]post


這裏的word-size 只的是數據庫的位數,是32位仍是64位。其查看方法,我以前的Blog 有說明。測試


查看Oracle 是32位仍是64位的方法ui

http://blog.csdn.net/tianlesoftware/article/details/6818709this



在配置異構DG 以前,要先查看主備庫的Platform. ID,能夠從v$database 視圖中查看:


SQL> select platform_id,platform_name from v$database;


PLATFORM_ID PLATFORM_NAME

----------- ---------------------------------------------

7 Microsoft Windows IA (32-bit)


SQL> select platform_id,platform_name from v$database;


PLATFORM_ID PLATFORM_NAME

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

10 Linux IA (32-bit)


這裏的Platform_ID 是惟一的,不一樣的平臺,即OS 對應一個ID。


Differencesbetween the primary server(s) and the standby server(s) are always supported aslong as the Oracle software installed on all servers is of the same OraclePlatform. as defined above, is certified to run on each server, and is the sameOracle Database Release and Patch Set. Examples of such differences that aresupported include the following:

--只要server 上Oracle 的軟件的版本和位數是一致的,主備庫就支持不一樣的server,即OS 不影響,好比:

(1)Hardware manufacturer (e.g. Delland Sun or Hitachi and EMC)

(2)Hardware configuration (e.g. numberof CPUs, amount of RAM, storage configuration, etc)

(3)Processor (e.g. x86-64 AMD64 andx86-64 Intel 64; POWER4 and POWER5)

(4)Operating system distribution (e.g.Red Hat Linux, SUSE Linux or Oracle Enterprise Linux)

(5)Operating system version (e.g.Windows 2000 and Windows XP)



二.物理standby

In addition togeneral support when using the same Oracle platform, Data Guard Redo Apply(physical standby) can support specific mixed Oracle Platformcombinations. Oracle Platform. IDs, platform. names, and which combinationsof platform. ID(s) that can be combined to form. a supported Data Guardconfiguration using Redo Apply are listed in the table below. Platformcombinations not listed in the table below are not supported using Data GuardRedo Apply.

--物理standby 支持的混合平臺以下表所列,不在下表不受支持。


Table Notes –表格註釋

(1) Prior to Data Guard 11g, theData Guard Broker did not support different word-size in the same Data Guardconfiguration, thus requiring management from the SQL*Plus command line formixed word-size Data Guard configurations. This restriction is lifted fromData Guard 11g onward.

--在Oracle 11g以後,不受數據庫word-size的限制(數據庫32仍是64位)

(2) Both primary and standbydatabases must be set at the same compatibility mode as the minimum release (ifspecified) in the table below.

--在下表所列的平臺中,主備庫的compatible 參數必須相同。

(3) A standby database cannot beopen read-only in any environment that has binary-level PL/SQL-relatedincompatibilities between primary and standby databases. Support Note414043.1 is referenced in the table below for any platform. combinations wherethis is the case (the note provides instructions for eliminatingincompatibilities post role transition). It is possible to access astandby database in such environments in Oracle Database 11g by temporarilyconverting it to a SnapshotStandby database, or in Oracle Database 10g by opening the standbyread/write as described in the Data Guard 10g Concepts and Administrationguide: Usinga Physical Standby Database for Read/Write Testing and Reporting. Bothprocedures require following the steps in note 414043.1 before making thedatabase available to users.


(4) Please be sure to read SupportNotes when referenced in the table below.

(5) RMAN generally supportsinstantiation of a physical standby database for the supported platformcombinations. Please see Support Note 1079563.1 for details.

(6) Platforms in a supportedcombination may operate in either the primary or standby role.

--平臺支持主備庫角色的轉換

(7) Enterprise Manager can not beused for standby database creation or other administrative functions in anyconfiguration where PLATFORM_IDs are not identical. Oracle recommends using theData Guard Broker command line interface (DGMGRL) to administer mixed platformcombinations from Oracle Database 11g onward and SQL*Plus command line forconfigurations that pre-date Oracle Database 11g.

--在PLATFORM_ID 不同的狀況下,備庫不能建立和使用EM。但可使用DG Broker。


PLATFORM_ID

PLATFORM_NAME
Release name

PLATFORM_IDs supported within the same Data Guard configuration when using Data Guard Redo Apply (Physical Standby)

2

Solaris[tm] OE (64-bit)
Solaris Operating System (SPARC) (64-bit)

2
6 - This is not supported due to issues reported in Bug 12702521

3

HP-UX (64-bit)
HP-UX PA-RISC

3
4 - Oracle 10g onward, see Support Notes 395982.1 and 414043.1

4

HP-UX IA (64-bit)
HP-UX Itanium

4
3 - Oracle 10g onward, see Support Notes 395982.1 and 414043.1

5

HP Tru64 UNIX
HP Tru64 UNIX

5

6

IBM AIX on POWER Systems (64-bit)

2 - This is not supported due to issues reported in Bug 12702521
6

7

Microsoft Windows (32-bit)
Microsoft Windows (x86)

7
8, 12 - Oracle 10g onward, see Support Note 414043.1
10 - Oracle 11g onward, requires patch for Bug 13104881
11, 13 - Oracle 11g onward, see Support Note 414043.1, also requires patch for Bug 13104881

8

Microsoft Windows IA (64-bit)
Microsoft Windows (64-bit Itanium)

7 - Oracle 10g onward, see Support Note 414043.1
8
12 - Oracle 10g onward
11, 13 - Oracle 11g onward, requires patch for Bug 13104881

9

IBM zSeries Based Linux
z/Linux

9
18 (64-bit zSeries only)

10

Linux (32-bit)
Linux x86

7 - Oracle 11g onward, requires patch for Bug 13104881
10
11, 13 - Oracle 10g onward, see Support Note 414043.1

11

Linux IA (64-bit)
Linux Itanium

10 - Oracle 10g onward, see Support Note 414043.1
11
13 - Oracle 10g onward
7 - Oracle 11g onward, see Support Note 414043.1, also requires patch for Bug 13104881
8, 12 - Oracle 11g onward, requires patch for Bug 13104881

12

Microsoft Windows 64-bit for AMD
Microsoft Windows (x86-64)

7 - Oracle 10g onward, see Support Note 414043.1
8 - Oracle 10g onward
12
11, 13 - Oracle 11g onward, requires patch for Bug 13104881

13

Linux 64-bit for AMD
Linux x86-64

7 - Oracle 11g onward, see Support Note 414043.1, also requires patch for Bug 13104881
10 - Oracle 10g onward, see Support Note 414043.1
11 - Oracle 10g onward
8, 12 - Oracle 11g onward, requires patch for Bug 13104881
13
20 - Oracle 11g onward

15

HP Open VMS
HP OpenVMS Alpha
HP IA OpenVMS
OpenVMS Itanium

15

16

Apple Mac OS
Mac OS X Server

16

17

Solaris Operating System (x86)
Solaris Operating System (x86)

17
20 - Oracle 10g onward, see Support Note 414043.1

18

IBM Power Based Linux
Linux on Power

9 (64-bit zSeries only)
18

20

Solaris Operating System (AMD64)
Solaris Operating System (x86-64)

13 - Oracle 11g onward 
17 - Oracle 10g onward, see Support Note 414043.1
20


對錶格查看的解釋,這裏舉一例,假設準備搭建一個物理DG:

主庫:7(platform. id) Microsoft Windows IA (32-bit)

備庫:10 (platform. id) Linux IA (32-bit)


7

Microsoft Windows (32-bit)
Microsoft Windows (x86)

7
8, 12 - Oracle 10g onward, see Support Note 414043.1
10 - Oracle 11g onward, requires patch for Bug 13104881
11, 13 - Oracle 11g onward, see Support Note 414043.1, also requires patch for Bug 13104881


從這裏能夠看出,7支持的備庫有7,8,12,10,11,13. 可是不一樣的版本也有限制。 咱們的備庫要用10,那麼只能是Oracle 11g 之後才支持,而且還須要修復13104881的bug。




Additional information:

Transient Logical Database Rolling Upgrades: Beginning withOracle Database 11.1.0.7, a physical standby database can be used to execute arolling database upgrade to a new Oracle Patch Set or database release by usingthe transient logical rolling database upgrade process. See the MaximumAvailability Architecture Best Practice paper, " Rolling Database Upgrades for PhysicalStandby Databases using Transient Logical Standby 11g". Thedatabase rolling upgrade process enables a standby database to apply redo sentby a primary database that is operating at a previous Oracle release orpatchset. The transient logical rolling upgrade process requires that theprimary and standby platform. combination be a supported configuration for bothRedo Apply (see table above) and SQL Apply (see Support Note 1085687.1) as ofthe pre-upgrade Oracle release deployed in the Data Guard configuration.

DataGuard Configurations that Include a Combination of Physical and Logical StandbyDatabases: A Data Guardconfiguration includes a primary database and up to 30 standby databases.These standby databases may be a mix of physical and logical standby databases.All physical standby databases within a single Data Guard configuration mustadhere to the requirements described in this note. Likewise, if theconfiguration includes logical standby databases, they must conform. to therequirements of Support Note 1085687.1.

Real Application Cluster &Automatic Storage Management: It isnot necessary that the primary and the standby both be Oracle RAC databases, orboth use ASM. For example, the primary database may be running Oracle RAC withor without ASM, and the standby database(s) may be single-instance, with orwithout ASM. Also, in case both the primary and standby are Oracle RACdatabases, the number of Oracle RAC nodes between the primary and standbydatabases may vary. Furthermore, the versions of ASM and CRS do not need to bethe same between the primary and standby systems.

ExadataDatabase Machine: It istransparent to Data Guard whether primary and/or standby databases reside on anExadata Database Machine or on other hardware, as long as the platform. ID's ofprimary and standby systems within the same Data Guard configuration conform. tothe support requirements defined in the above table. If Exadata HybridColumnar Compression (EHCC) is used, it is strongly recommended that bothprimary and standby databases reside on Exadata. See the Maximum AvailabilityArchitecture Best Practice paper, "Disaster Recovery for Exadata Database Machine".


三.邏輯standby

In addition togeneral support when using the same Oracle platform, Data Guard SQL Apply(logical standby) can support specific mixed Oracle Platform. combinations as ofOracle Database 11g. Oracle Platform. IDs, platform. names, and whichcombinations of platform. ID(s) that can be combined to form. a supported DataGuard configuration using SQL Apply are listed in the table below. Platform. combinations not listed in the table below are not supported usingData Guard SQL Apply.

--邏輯standby 支持以下的平臺


Table Notes – 表格註釋

(1) All mixed platform. combinationsfor SQL Apply in the table below are supported from Oracle Database 11g onward.

(2) Prior to Data Guard Broker 11g,the Data Guard Broker did not support different word-size in the same DataGuard configuration, thus requiring all management from the SQL*Plus commandline. This restriction is lifted from Data Guard 11g onward.

(3) Both primary and standbydatabases must be set at the same compatibility mode as the minimum release (ifspecified) in the table below.

(4) Please be sure to read SupportNotes when referenced in the table below.

(5) RMAN generally supportsinstantiation of a physical standby database for the supported platformcombinations. Please see Support Note 1079563.1 for details.

(6) Platforms in a supportedcombination may operate in either the primary or standby role unless otherwisespecified.

(7) Enterprise Manager can not beused for standby database creation or other administrative functions in anyconfiguration where PLATFORM_IDs are not identical. Oracle recommends using theData Guard Broker command line interface (DGMGRL) to administer mixed platformcombinations from Oracle Database 11g onward and SQL*Plus command line forconfigurations that pre-date Oracle Database 11g.


PLATFORM_ID

PLATFORM_NAME
Release name

PLATFORM_IDs supported within the same Data Guard configuration when using Data Guard SQL Apply (Logical Standby)

2

Solaris[tm] OE (64-bit)
Solaris Operating System (SPARC) (64-bit)

2

3

HP-UX (64-bit)
HP-UX PA-RISC

3, 4

4

HP-UX IA (64-bit)
HP-UX Itanium

3, 4

5

HP Tru64 UNIX
HP Tru64 UNIX

5

6

AIX-Based Systems (64-bit)
AIX5L

6

7

Microsoft Windows (32-bit)
Microsoft Windows (x86)


10 requires patch for Bug 13104881 
8, 12 - Replication can only occur from a 32-bit primary to a 64-bit standby, once a role transition has promoted the 64-bit system to the primary role, the original 32-bit primary is not supported as a standby database.

8

Microsoft Windows IA (64-bit)
Microsoft Windows (64-bit Itanium)

7 - Replication can only occur from a 32-bit primary to a 64-bit standby, once a role transition has promoted the 64-bit system to the primary role, the original 32-bit primary is not supported as a standby database.
8, 12
11, 13, both require patch for Bug 13104881

9

IBM zSeries Based Linux
z/Linux

9

10

Linux (32-bit)
Linux x86

7, requires patch for Bug 13104881
10
11, 13 - Replication can only occur from a 32-bit primary to a 64-bit standby, once a role transition has promoted the 64-bit system to the primary role, the original 32-bit primary is not supported as a standby database.

11

Linux IA (64-bit)
Linux Itanium

10 - Replication can only occur from a 32-bit primary to a 64-bit standby, once a role transition has promoted the 64-bit system to the primary role, the original 32-bit primary is not supported as a standby database.
8, requires patch for Bug 13104881
11, 13

12

Microsoft Windows 64-bit for AMD
Microsoft Windows (x86-64)

7 - from Oracle 11g onward. Replication can only occur from a 32-bit primary to a 64-bit standby, once a role transition has promoted the 64-bit system to the primary role, the original 32-bit primary is not supported as a standby database.
8, 12

13

Linux 64-bit for AMD
Linux x86-64

10 - Replication can only occur from a 32-bit primary to a 64-bit standby, once a role transition has promoted the 64-bit system to the primary role, the original 32-bit primary is not supported as a standby database.
8, requires patch for Bug 13104881
11, 13

15

HP Open VMS
HP OpenVMS Alpha
HP IA OpenVMS
OpenVMS Itanium

15

16

Apple Mac OS
Mac OS X Server

16

17

Solaris Operating System (x86)
Solaris Operating System (x86)

17

18

IBM Power Based Linux
Linux on Power

18

20

Solaris Operating System (AMD64)
Solaris Operating System (x86-64)

20



Additional information:

Mixing Database Versions During Database Rolling Upgrades:Beginning with Oracle Database 10.1.0.3 and onward, a logical standby databasecan operate at a later Oracle release than on the primary when using SQL Applyto execute a rolling database upgrade. Please refer to "Rolling Database Upgrades using Data GuardSQL Apply", " Rolling Database Upgrades for PhysicalStandby Databases using Transient Logical Standby 11g", 

DataGuard Configurations that Include a Combination of Physical and Logical StandbyDatabases: A Data Guardconfiguration includes a primary database and up to 30 standby databases.These standby databases may be a mix of physical and logical standby databases.All logical standby databases within a single Data Guard configuration mustadhere to the requirements described in this note. Likewise, if theconfiguration includes physical standby databases, they must conform. to therequirements of Support Note 413484.1.

Real Application Cluster &Automatic Storage Management: It isnot necessary that the primary and the standby both be Oracle RAC databases, orboth use ASM. For example, the primary database may be running Oracle RAC withor without ASM, and the standby database(s) may be single-instance, with orwithout ASM. Also, in case both the primary and standby are Oracle RACdatabases, the number of Oracle RAC nodes between the primary and standbydatabases may vary. Furthermore, the versions of ASM and CRS do not need to bethe same between the primary and standby systems.

Exadata Database Machine: It is transparent to Data Guardwhether primary and/or standby databases reside on Exadata Database Machine oron other hardware, as long as the platform. ID's of primary and standby systemswithin the same Data Guard configuration conform. to the support requirementsdefined in the above table. If Exadata Hybrid Columnar Compression isused, it is strongly recommended that both primary and standby databases resideon Exadata storage. Note that Data Guard SQL Apply adds support for EHCC inOracle Database 11.2.0.2. See the Maximum Availability Architecture BestPractice paper, "Disaster Recovery for Exadata Database Machine".




在物理 Data Guard 中對異構主備系統的支持 (文檔 ID 1602437.1)

    

Data Guard中主數據庫與物理備用數據庫(Redo Apply)之間能夠有什麼差異?

本說明針對重作應用和 Oracle Data Guard 12 發行版 1 進行了更新。它適用於 Oracle Database 10g 和 Oracle Database 12c 的全部版本。

 

您是否但願與其餘 Oracle 客戶、Oracle 員工和業內專家進一步探討此主題?

您能夠直接在本說明底部關於本文的討論帖子中討論本說明,介紹您的經驗,也能夠直接提出相關問題。

若是您但願就其餘文章和話題進行討論,或者展開新的討論,您能夠訪問中文數據庫社區。

 

有關使用邏輯備用數據庫(SQL Apply)的支持配置信息,請參閱技術支持Note 1085687.1

範圍和適用性:

部署 Data Guard 時最簡單的途徑是配置同構的對稱主/備用配置。可是,爲了利用運行不一樣操做系統的現有服務器,或者爲了在儘量減小停機時間或風險的狀況下幫助從一個平臺向另外一個平臺移植時,一般部署異構配置會很是有用。對於但願使用低於生產環境的處理能力的配置或者使用成本低於其主系統的組件來配置備用系統,從而減小其災難恢復投資的用戶而言,這是至關合理的選擇。使用本技術支持文檔中提供的指示和信息來肯定單個 Data Guard 配置中支持哪些平臺組合以及可能存在的任何其餘要求或限制。  

若是考慮使用異構主/備配置,則 Oracle 建議用戶進行足夠的測試以確保在 switchover(切換)或 failover(故障轉移)到備用系統以後,可以繼續達到所需的服務水平。  

1. 肯定主數據庫和備用數據庫的平臺 ID。

使用如下查詢可在     V$DATABASE   視圖中找到數據庫的PLATFORM_ID:  

SQL> select platform_id, platform_name from v$database;  

PLATFORM_ID PLATFORM_NAME  
----------- -----------------------------------  
         10 Linux IA (32-bit)  


只要知足如下條件,則始終支持主服務器與備用服務器之間的差異:在全部服務器上安裝的 Oracle 軟件是相同Oracle平臺(如上定義);通過認證可在各服務器上運行;具備相同的 Oracle 數據庫發行版和 Patch Set(補丁程序集)。支持的這種差異的示例包括:  

  • 硬件生產商(例如 Dell 和 Sun 或 Hitachi 和 EMC)
  • 硬件配置(例如,CPU 數、RAM 大小、存儲配置等)
  • 處理器(例如 x86-64 AMD64 和 x86-64 Intel 64;POWER4 和 POWER5)
  • 操做系統發行版(例如 Red Hat Linux、SUSE Linux 或 Oracle Enterprise Linux)
  • O操做系統版本(例如 Windows 2000 和 Windows XP)


2. 若是您的主平臺與備用平臺的平臺 ID 不一樣,請檢查下表以查看 Data Guard 重作日誌應用(物理備用)是否支持您的配置。

除了在使用相同 Oracle 平臺時的通常支持以外,Data Guard 重作日誌應用(物理備用)能夠支持特定的混合 Oracle 平臺組合。下表中列出了 Oracle 平臺 ID、平臺名稱以及哪些平臺 ID 能夠組合以構成支持的 Data Guard 配置來使用重作日誌應用。下表中未列出的平臺組合不支持使用 Data Guard 重作日誌應用。  

表註釋

  1. 在 Data Guard 11g 以前,Data Guard Broker在相同 Data Guard 配置中不支持不一樣的字長,於是須要從 SQL*Plus 命令行管理混合字長的 Data Guard 配置。從 Data Guard 11g 開始消除了此限制。
  2. 主數據庫和備用數據庫必須設置爲與下表中最低發行版(若是指定)相同的兼容性模式。
  3. 在任何環境中,若是主數據庫和備用數據庫之間存在與二進制級別相關的 PL/SQL 不兼容,則備用數據庫沒法以只讀模式打開。下表中引用了文檔 Note:414043.1,介紹這種狀況的任意平臺組合(該說明提供有關在角色轉換後消除不兼容性的指導)。  在 Oracle Database 11g 的這種環境中,能夠經過將其臨時轉換爲 Snapshot(快照)備用備用數據庫來的方式來訪問備用數據庫,而在 Oracle Database 10g 中,則按照《Data Guard 10g Concepts and Administration guide》中的如下章節所述來以讀/寫方式打開備用數據庫:Using a Physical Standby Database for Read/Write Testing and Reporting。 這兩種方法須要遵照 Note:414043.1 中的步驟操做才能使數據庫對用戶可用。
  4. 請確保閱讀了下表中引用的技術支持文檔。.
  5. 對於所支持平臺組合,RMAN 一般支持物理備用數據庫的實例化。有關詳細信息,請參閱技術支持 Note 1079563.1。
  6. 支持組合中的平臺可以以主或備用的角色運行。
  7. 在具備不一樣 PLATFORM_ID 的任意配置中,Enterprise Manager 不能用於備用數據庫建立或其餘管理功能。Oracle 建議使用 Data Guard Broker命令行界面 (DGMGRL) 來管理 Oracle Database 11g 及更高版本的混合平臺組合,Oracle Database 11g 以前的配置則使用 SQL*Plus 命令行界面。
PLATFORM_ID
PLATFORM_NAME
發行版名稱
使用 Data Guard 重作日誌應用(物理備用)時,相同 Data Guard 配置中支持的 PLATFORM_ID
2
Solaris[tm] OE (64-bit)
Solaris Operating System (SPARC) (64-bit)
2
6 - 請參考文檔 Note: 1982638.1 和 Note: 414043.1 
3 HP-UX (64-bit)
HP-UX PA-RISC
3
4 - Oracle 10g 及更高版本,請參閱技術支持文檔 Note: 395982.1 和 Note:414043.1
4 HP-UX IA (64-bit)
HP-UX Itanium
4
3 - Oracle 10g 及更高版本,請參閱技術支持文檔 Note: 395982.1 和 Note:414043.1
5 HP Tru64 UNIX
HP Tru64 UNIX
5
6 IBM AIX on POWER Systems (64-bit)
2 - 請參考文檔 Note: 1982638.1 和 Note: 414043.1
6
7 Microsoft Windows (32-bit)
Microsoft Windows (x86)
7
8, 12  - Oracle 10g 及更高版本,請參閱 技術支持文檔 Note: 414043.1 
10 - Oracle 11g 及更高版本,須要 Patch 13104881
11, 13 - Oracle 11g 及更高版本,請參閱 技術支持文檔 Note: 414043.1,還須要 Patch 13104881
8 Microsoft Windows IA (64-bit)
Microsoft Windows (64-bit Itanium)
7 - Oracle 10g 及更高版本,請參閱 技術支持文檔 Note: 414043.1
8
12 - Oracle 10g 及更高版本
11, 13 - Oracle 11g 及更高版本,須要 Patch 13104881
9 IBM zSeries Based Linux
z/Linux
9
18 (僅 64 位 zSeries)
10 Linux (32-bit)
Linux x86
7 - Oracle 11g 及更高版本,須要 Patch 13104881 
10
11, 13 - Oracle 10g 及更高版本,請參閱 技術支持文檔 Note: 414043.1
11 Linux IA (64-bit)
Linux Itanium
10 - Oracle 10g 及更高版本,請參閱 技術支持文檔 Note: 414043.1
11
13 - Oracle 10g 及更高版本
7 - Oracle 11g 及更高版本,請參閱 技術支持文檔 Note: 414043.1,還須要 Patch 13104881
8, 12 - Oracle 11g 及更高版本,須要 Patch 13104881
12 Microsoft Windows 64-bit for AMD
Microsoft Windows (x86-64)
7 - Oracle 10g 及更高版本,請參閱技術支持說明 Note: 414043.1
8 - Oracle 10g 及更高版本
12
11, 13 - Oracle 11g 及更高版本,須要 Patch 13104881
13 Linux 64-bit for AMD
Linux x86-64
7 - Oracle 11g 及更高版本,請參閱 技術支持文檔 Note: 414043.1,還須要 Patch 13104881
10 - Oracle 10g 及更高版本,請參閱技術支持文檔 Note: 414043.1
11 - Oracle 10g 及更高版本
8, 12 - Oracle 11g 及更高版本,須要 Patch 13104881
13
20 - Oracle 11g 及更高版本
15 HP Open VMS
HP OpenVMS Alpha
HP IA OpenVMS
OpenVMS Itanium
15
16 Apple Mac OS
Mac OS X Server
16
17 Solaris Operating System (x86)
Solaris Operating System (x86)
17
20 - Oracle 10g 及更高版本,請參閱 技術支持文檔 Note: 414043.1
18 IBM Power Based Linux
Linux on Power
9(僅 64 位 zSeries)
18
20 Solaris Operating System (AMD64)
Solaris Operating System (x86-64)
13 - Oracle 11g 及更高版本
17 - Oracle 10g 及更高版本,請參閱 技術支持文檔 Note: 414043.1
20



3. 其餘信息:

臨時邏輯數據庫滾動升級:     從 Oracle Database 11.1.0.7 開始,能夠利用物理備用數據庫,進行臨時邏輯備庫滾動數據庫升級過程,將數據庫滾動升級到新的 Oracle Patch Set(補丁程序集)和 數據庫發行版。請參閱「Maximum Availability Architecture Best Practice」一文中的 "   Rolling Database Upgrades for Physical Standby  Databases using Transient Logical Standby 11g  "。  使用數據庫滾動升級過程使得備用數據庫能夠應用主數據庫發送的重作,雖然主數據庫仍然在舊的 Oracle 發行版或 patchset(補丁程序集)上運行。臨時邏輯備庫滾動升級過程要求,在升級前 Oracle 發行版部署到 Data Guard 配置中時,主平臺和備用平臺組合是重作日誌應用(參見上表)和 SQL 應用(參閱 技術支持文檔 1085687.1)支持的配置。  
    
包括物理和邏輯備用 數據庫組合的 Data Guard 配置:     Data Guard 配置  包括一個主數據庫和最多30個備用數據庫。這些備用數據庫能夠是物理備用數據庫和邏輯備用數據庫的混合。單個Data Guard 配置中的全部物理備用數據庫必須符合本說明中的要求。與此相似,若是配置包括邏輯備用數據庫,則必須符合技術支持文檔1085687.1 的要求。  

Real Application Cluster 和 Automatic Storage Management:   主數據庫和備用數據庫沒必要都是 Oracle RAC 數據庫,也沒必要均使用 ASM。例如,主數據庫能夠運行 Oracle RAC,使用或不使用 ASM,而備用數據庫則能夠是單實例,使用或不使用ASM。 此外,在主數據庫和備用數據庫均爲 Oracle RAC 數據庫時,主數據庫和備用數據庫之間的 Oracle RAC節點數能夠不一樣。此外,主系統與備用系統之間的 ASM 和 CRS 的版本沒必要相同。  

Exadata Database Machine:        只要相同 Data Guard 配置中的主系統和備用系統的平臺 ID 遵照上表中定義的支持要求,則主和/或備用數據庫是駐留在 Exadata Database Machine 上仍是其餘硬件上對於 Data Guard 來講是透明的。若是使用了 Exadata Hybrid Columnar Compression (EHCC),則強烈建議主系統和備用系統駐留在 Exadata 上。請參閱「Maximum Availability Architecture Best Practice」一文中的 "  Disaster Recovery for Exadata Database Machine  "。  

參考

BUG:13104881   - ORA-600 [6101] DATA CORRUPTION IN 11.2.0.2 WINDOWS TO LINUX STANDBY DUPLICATION  
NOTE:1079563.1   - RMAN DUPLICATE/RESTORE/RECOVER Mixed Platform Support  
NOTE:414043.1   - Role Transitions for Data Guard Configurations Using Mixed Oracle Binaries  
BUG:12702521   - CANNOT SUPPORT SPARC<->AIX MIXED DATA GUARD DUE TO CONTROLFILE INCOMPATIBILITY  
BUG:13104881   - ORA-600 [6101] DATA CORRUPTION IN 11.2.0.2 WINDOWS TO LINUX STANDBY DUPLICATION    


   



在物理 Data Guard 中對異構主備系統的支持 (文檔 ID 1602437.1)

Data Guard中主數據庫與物理備用數據庫(Redo Apply)之間能夠有什麼差異?

本說明針對重作應用和 Oracle Data Guard 12 發行版 1 進行了更新。它適用於 Oracle Database 10g 和 Oracle Database 12c 的全部版本。

 

您是否但願與其餘 Oracle 客戶、Oracle 員工和業內專家進一步探討此主題?

您能夠直接在本說明底部關於本文的討論帖子中討論本說明,介紹您的經驗,也能夠直接提出相關問題。

若是您但願就其餘文章和話題進行討論,或者展開新的討論,您能夠訪問中文數據庫社區。

 

有關使用邏輯備用數據庫(SQL Apply)的支持配置信息,請參閱技術支持Note 1085687.1

範圍和適用性:

部署 Data Guard 時最簡單的途徑是配置同構的對稱主/備用配置。可是,爲了利用運行不一樣操做系統的現有服務器,或者爲了在儘量減小停機時間或風險的狀況下幫助從一個平臺向另外一個平臺移植時,一般部署異構配置會很是有用。對於但願使用低於生產環境的處理能力的配置或者使用成本低於其主系統的組件來配置備用系統,從而減小其災難恢復投資的用戶而言,這是至關合理的選擇。使用本技術支持文檔中提供的指示和信息來肯定單個 Data Guard 配置中支持哪些平臺組合以及可能存在的任何其餘要求或限制。

若是考慮使用異構主/備配置,則 Oracle 建議用戶進行足夠的測試以確保在 switchover(切換)或 failover(故障轉移)到備用系統以後,可以繼續達到所需的服務水平。

1. 肯定主數據庫和備用數據庫的平臺 ID。

使用如下查詢可在   V$DATABASE  視圖中找到數據庫的PLATFORM_ID:

SQL> select platform_id, platform_name from v$database;

PLATFORM_ID PLATFORM_NAME
----------- -----------------------------------
         10 Linux IA (32-bit)


只要知足如下條件,則始終支持主服務器與備用服務器之間的差異:在全部服務器上安裝的 Oracle 軟件是相同Oracle平臺(如上定義);通過認證可在各服務器上運行;具備相同的 Oracle 數據庫發行版和 Patch Set(補丁程序集)。支持的這種差異的示例包括:

  • 硬件生產商(例如 Dell 和 Sun 或 Hitachi 和 EMC)
  • 硬件配置(例如,CPU 數、RAM 大小、存儲配置等)
  • 處理器(例如 x86-64 AMD64 和 x86-64 Intel 64;POWER4 和 POWER5)
  • 操做系統發行版(例如 Red Hat Linux、SUSE Linux 或 Oracle Enterprise Linux)
  • O操做系統版本(例如 Windows 2000 和 Windows XP)


2. 若是您的主平臺與備用平臺的平臺 ID 不一樣,請檢查下表以查看 Data Guard 重作日誌應用(物理備用)是否支持您的配置。

除了在使用相同 Oracle 平臺時的通常支持以外,Data Guard 重作日誌應用(物理備用)能夠支持特定的混合 Oracle 平臺組合。下表中列出了 Oracle 平臺 ID、平臺名稱以及哪些平臺 ID 能夠組合以構成支持的 Data Guard 配置來使用重作日誌應用。下表中未列出的平臺組合不支持使用 Data Guard 重作日誌應用。

表註釋

  1. 在 Data Guard 11g 以前,Data Guard Broker在相同 Data Guard 配置中不支持不一樣的字長,於是須要從 SQL*Plus 命令行管理混合字長的 Data Guard 配置。從 Data Guard 11g 開始消除了此限制。
  2. 主數據庫和備用數據庫必須設置爲與下表中最低發行版(若是指定)相同的兼容性模式。
  3. 在任何環境中,若是主數據庫和備用數據庫之間存在與二進制級別相關的 PL/SQL 不兼容,則備用數據庫沒法以只讀模式打開。下表中引用了文檔 Note:414043.1,介紹這種狀況的任意平臺組合(該說明提供有關在角色轉換後消除不兼容性的指導)。  在 Oracle Database 11g 的這種環境中,能夠經過將其臨時轉換爲 Snapshot(快照)備用備用數據庫來的方式來訪問備用數據庫,而在 Oracle Database 10g 中,則按照《Data Guard 10g Concepts and Administration guide》中的如下章節所述來以讀/寫方式打開備用數據庫:Using a Physical Standby Database for Read/Write Testing and Reporting。 這兩種方法須要遵照 Note:414043.1 中的步驟操做才能使數據庫對用戶可用。
  4. 請確保閱讀了下表中引用的技術支持文檔。.
  5. 對於所支持平臺組合,RMAN 一般支持物理備用數據庫的實例化。有關詳細信息,請參閱技術支持 Note 1079563.1。
  6. 支持組合中的平臺可以以主或備用的角色運行。
  7. 在具備不一樣 PLATFORM_ID 的任意配置中,Enterprise Manager 不能用於備用數據庫建立或其餘管理功能。Oracle 建議使用 Data Guard Broker命令行界面 (DGMGRL) 來管理 Oracle Database 11g 及更高版本的混合平臺組合,Oracle Database 11g 以前的配置則使用 SQL*Plus 命令行界面。
PLATFORM_ID
PLATFORM_NAME
發行版名稱
使用 Data Guard 重作日誌應用(物理備用)時,相同 Data Guard 配置中支持的 PLATFORM_ID
2
Solaris[tm] OE (64-bit)
Solaris Operating System (SPARC) (64-bit)
2
6 - 請參考文檔 Note: 1982638.1 和 Note: 414043.1 
3 HP-UX (64-bit)
HP-UX PA-RISC
3
4 - Oracle 10g 及更高版本,請參閱技術支持文檔 Note: 395982.1 和 Note:414043.1
4 HP-UX IA (64-bit)
HP-UX Itanium
4
3 - Oracle 10g 及更高版本,請參閱技術支持文檔 Note: 395982.1 和 Note:414043.1
5 HP Tru64 UNIX
HP Tru64 UNIX
5
6 IBM AIX on POWER Systems (64-bit)
2 - 請參考文檔 Note: 1982638.1 和 Note: 414043.1
6
7 Microsoft Windows (32-bit)
Microsoft Windows (x86)
7
8, 12  - Oracle 10g 及更高版本,請參閱 技術支持文檔 Note: 414043.1 
10 - Oracle 11g 及更高版本,須要 Patch 13104881
11, 13 - Oracle 11g 及更高版本,請參閱 技術支持文檔 Note: 414043.1,還須要 Patch 13104881
8 Microsoft Windows IA (64-bit)
Microsoft Windows (64-bit Itanium)
7 - Oracle 10g 及更高版本,請參閱 技術支持文檔 Note: 414043.1
8
12 - Oracle 10g 及更高版本
11, 13 - Oracle 11g 及更高版本,須要 Patch 13104881
9 IBM zSeries Based Linux
z/Linux
9
18 (僅 64 位 zSeries)
10 Linux (32-bit)
Linux x86
7 - Oracle 11g 及更高版本,須要 Patch 13104881 
10
11, 13 - Oracle 10g 及更高版本,請參閱 技術支持文檔 Note: 414043.1
11 Linux IA (64-bit)
Linux Itanium
10 - Oracle 10g 及更高版本,請參閱 技術支持文檔 Note: 414043.1
11
13 - Oracle 10g 及更高版本
7 - Oracle 11g 及更高版本,請參閱 技術支持文檔 Note: 414043.1,還須要 Patch 13104881
8, 12 - Oracle 11g 及更高版本,須要 Patch 13104881
12 Microsoft Windows 64-bit for AMD
Microsoft Windows (x86-64)
7 - Oracle 10g 及更高版本,請參閱技術支持說明 Note: 414043.1
8 - Oracle 10g 及更高版本
12
11, 13 - Oracle 11g 及更高版本,須要 Patch 13104881
13 Linux 64-bit for AMD
Linux x86-64
7 - Oracle 11g 及更高版本,請參閱 技術支持文檔 Note: 414043.1,還須要 Patch 13104881
10 - Oracle 10g 及更高版本,請參閱技術支持文檔 Note: 414043.1
11 - Oracle 10g 及更高版本
8, 12 - Oracle 11g 及更高版本,須要 Patch 13104881
13
20 - Oracle 11g 及更高版本
15 HP Open VMS
HP OpenVMS Alpha
HP IA OpenVMS
OpenVMS Itanium
15
16 Apple Mac OS
Mac OS X Server
16
17 Solaris Operating System (x86)
Solaris Operating System (x86)
17
20 - Oracle 10g 及更高版本,請參閱 技術支持文檔 Note: 414043.1
18 IBM Power Based Linux
Linux on Power
9(僅 64 位 zSeries)
18
20 Solaris Operating System (AMD64)
Solaris Operating System (x86-64)
13 - Oracle 11g 及更高版本
17 - Oracle 10g 及更高版本,請參閱 技術支持文檔 Note: 414043.1
20



3. 其餘信息:

臨時邏輯數據庫滾動升級:   從 Oracle Database 11.1.0.7 開始,能夠利用物理備用數據庫,進行臨時邏輯備庫滾動數據庫升級過程,將數據庫滾動升級到新的 Oracle Patch Set(補丁程序集)和 數據庫發行版。請參閱「Maximum Availability Architecture Best Practice」一文中的 "  Rolling Database Upgrades for Physical Standby  Databases using Transient Logical Standby 11g "。  使用數據庫滾動升級過程使得備用數據庫能夠應用主數據庫發送的重作,雖然主數據庫仍然在舊的 Oracle 發行版或 patchset(補丁程序集)上運行。臨時邏輯備庫滾動升級過程要求,在升級前 Oracle 發行版部署到 Data Guard 配置中時,主平臺和備用平臺組合是重作日誌應用(參見上表)和 SQL 應用(參閱 技術支持文檔 1085687.1)支持的配置。
  
包括物理和邏輯備用 數據庫組合的 Data Guard 配置:   Data Guard 配置  包括一個主數據庫和最多30個備用數據庫。這些備用數據庫能夠是物理備用數據庫和邏輯備用數據庫的混合。單個Data Guard 配置中的全部物理備用數據庫必須符合本說明中的要求。與此相似,若是配置包括邏輯備用數據庫,則必須符合技術支持文檔1085687.1 的要求。

Real Application Cluster 和 Automatic Storage Management:  主數據庫和備用數據庫沒必要都是 Oracle RAC 數據庫,也沒必要均使用 ASM。例如,主數據庫能夠運行 Oracle RAC,使用或不使用 ASM,而備用數據庫則能夠是單實例,使用或不使用ASM。 此外,在主數據庫和備用數據庫均爲 Oracle RAC 數據庫時,主數據庫和備用數據庫之間的 Oracle RAC節點數能夠不一樣。此外,主系統與備用系統之間的 ASM 和 CRS 的版本沒必要相同。

Exadata Database Machine:      只要相同 Data Guard 配置中的主系統和備用系統的平臺 ID 遵照上表中定義的支持要求,則主和/或備用數據庫是駐留在 Exadata Database Machine 上仍是其餘硬件上對於 Data Guard 來講是透明的。若是使用了 Exadata Hybrid Columnar Compression (EHCC),則強烈建議主系統和備用系統駐留在 Exadata 上。請參閱「Maximum Availability Architecture Best Practice」一文中的 " Disaster Recovery for Exadata Database Machine "。

參考

BUG:13104881  - ORA-600 [6101] DATA CORRUPTION IN 11.2.0.2 WINDOWS TO LINUX STANDBY DUPLICATION NOTE:1079563.1  - RMAN DUPLICATE/RESTORE/RECOVER Mixed Platform Support NOTE:414043.1  - Role Transitions for Data Guard Configurations Using Mixed Oracle Binaries BUG:12702521  - CANNOT SUPPORT SPARC<->AIX MIXED DATA GUARD DUE TO CONTROLFILE INCOMPATIBILITY BUG:13104881  - ORA-600 [6101] DATA CORRUPTION IN 11.2.0.2 WINDOWS TO LINUX STANDBY DUPLICATION

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