201871010111-劉佳華《面向對象程序設計(java)》第七週學習總結

201871010111-劉佳華《面向對象程序設計(java)》第七週學習總結java

實驗時間 2019-10-11編程

1、實驗目的與要求數組

1) 掌握四種訪問權限修飾符的使用特色;ide

(1)進一步理解4個成員訪問權限修飾符的用途;學習

A.僅對本類可見-private測試

B.對全部類可見-publicthis

C.對本包和全部子類可見-protectedspa

D.對本包可見-默認,,不須要修飾符設計

2) 掌握Object類的用途及經常使用API;3d

3) 掌握ArrayList類的定義方法及用法;

4)掌握枚舉類定義方法及用途;

5)結合本章實驗內容,理解繼承與多態性兩個面向對象程序設計特徵,並體會其優勢。

2、實驗內容和步驟

實驗1 System.out.println(...);」語句處按註釋要求設計代碼替換...,觀察代碼錄入中IDE提示,以驗證四種權限修飾符的用法。

class Parent {

private String p1 = "這是Parent的私有屬性";

public String p2 = "這是Parent的公有屬性";

protected String p3 = "這是Parent受保護的屬性";

String p4 = "這是Parent的默認屬性";

private void pMethod1() {

System.out.println("我是Parentprivate修飾符修飾的方法");

}

public void pMethod2() {

System.out.println("我是Parentpublic修飾符修飾的方法");

}

protected void pMethod3() {

System.out.println("我是Parentprotected修飾符修飾的方法");

}

void pMethod4() {

System.out.println("我是Parent無修飾符修飾的方法");

}

}

class Son extends Parent{

private String s1 = "這是Son的私有屬性";

public String s2 = "這是Son的公有屬性";

protected String s3 = "這是Son受保護的屬性";

String s4 = "這是Son的默認屬性";

public void sMethod1() {

System.out.println(...);//分別嘗試顯示Parent類的p一、p二、p三、p4值

System.out.println("我是Sonpublic修飾符修飾的方法");

}

private void sMethod2() {

System.out.println("我是Sonprivate修飾符修飾的方法");

}

protected void sMethod() {

System.out.println("我是Sonprotected修飾符修飾的方法");

}

void sMethod4() {

System.out.println("我是Son無修飾符修飾的方法");

}

}

public class Demo {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Parent parent=new Parent();

Son son=new Son();

System.out.println(...); //分別嘗試用parent調用Paren類的方法、用son調用Son類的方法

}

}

 

public class Demo {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
    Parent parent=new Parent();
    Son son=new Son();
    //System.out.println(...); //分別嘗試用parent調用Parent類的方法、訪問值;
     parent.pMethod2();
     parent.pMethod3();
     parent.pMethod4();//因爲pMethod1爲私有的,因此不能用parent.pMethod1調用
     System.out.println(parent.p2);
     System.out.println(parent.p3);
     System.out.println(parent.p4);
     System.out.println("**********************************");
     //用son調用Son類的方法
     son.sMethod1();
     son.sMethod3();
     son.sMethod4();
     System.out.println("**********************************");
     //用son調用parent類的方法
     son.pMethod2();
     System.out.println("**********************************");
    }

}
Demo
package SY1;

public class Parent {
    private String p1 = "這是Parent的私有屬性";
    public String p2 = "這是Parent的公有屬性";
    protected String p3 = "這是Parent受保護的屬性";
    String p4 = "這是Parent的默認屬性";
    private void pMethod1() {
     System.out.println("我是Parent用private修飾符修飾的方法");
    }
    public void pMethod2() {
     System.out.println("我是Parent用public修飾符修飾的方法");
    }
    protected void pMethod3() {
     System.out.println("我是Parent用protected修飾符修飾的方法");
    }
    void pMethod4() {
     System.out.println("我是Parent無修飾符修飾的方法");
    }
 }
Parent
package SY1;

Public class Son extends Parent{
        private String s1 = "這是Son的私有屬性";
        public String s2 = "這是Son的公有屬性";
        protected String s3 = "這是Son受保護的屬性";
        String s4 = "這是Son的默認屬性";
        public void sMethod1() {
         System.out.println(p2);//分別嘗試顯示Parent類的p一、p二、p三、p4值
         System.out.println("我是Son用public修飾符修飾的方法");
        }
        private void sMethod2() {
         System.out.println("我是Son用private修飾符修飾的方法");
        }
        protected void sMethod3() {
         System.out.println("我是Son用protected修飾符修飾的方法");
        }
        void sMethod4() {
         System.out.println("我是Son無修飾符修飾的方法");
        }
 }
Son

運行截圖:

 @@當新建一個以LJH的包,把Parent.java文件移動到LJH的包中時,經過在Damo.java 中加入import LJH.Parent;

可是因爲Damo.java和Parent.java 不在同一個包中,一些屬性及方法將在訪問時產生錯誤,這也讓我深入認識到了權限修飾符的做用;以下圖:

                        

 

實驗2:導入第5章如下示例程序,測試並進行代碼註釋。

測試程序1:

l 運行教材程序5-八、5-九、5-10,結合程序運行結果理解程序(教材174頁-177頁);

刪除程序中Employee類、Manager類中的equals()hasCode()toString()方法,背錄刪除方法,在代碼錄入中理解類中重寫Object父類方法的技術要點。

package equals;

import java.time.*;
import java.util.Objects;

public class Employee
{
   private String name;
   private double salary;
   private LocalDate hireDay;

   public Employee(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day)
   {
      this.name = name;
      this.salary = salary;
      hireDay = LocalDate.of(year, month, day);
   }

   public String getName()
   {
      return name;
   }

   public double getSalary()
   {
      return salary;
   }

   public LocalDate getHireDay()
   {
      return hireDay;
   }

   public void raiseSalary(double byPercent)
   {
      double raise = salary * byPercent / 100;
      salary += raise;
   }

   public boolean equals(Object otherObject)
   {
       // 快速測試,看看這些對象是否相同
      if (this == otherObject) return true;

       // 若是顯式參數爲空,則必須返回false
      if (otherObject == null) return false;

       // 若是類不匹配,它們就不能相等
      if (getClass() != otherObject.getClass()) return false;

      // 如今咱們知道otherObject是一個非空僱員
      var other = (Employee) otherObject;

      // 測試字段是否具備相同的值
      return Objects.equals(name, other.name) 
         && salary == other.salary && Objects.equals(hireDay, other.hireDay);
   }

   public int hashCode()
   {
      return Objects.hash(name, salary, hireDay); 
   }

   public String toString()
   {
      return getClass().getName() + "[name=" + name + ",salary=" + salary + ",hireDay=" 
         + hireDay + "]";
   }
}
Employee
package equals;

/**
 * This program demonstrates the equals method.
 * @version 1.12 2012-01-26
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class EqualsTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      var alice1 = new Employee("Alice Adams", 75000, 1987, 12, 15);
      var alice2 = alice1;
      var alice3 = new Employee("Alice Adams", 75000, 1987, 12, 15);
      var bob = new Employee("Bob Brandson", 50000, 1989, 10, 1);

      System.out.println("alice1 == alice2: " + (alice1 == alice2));

      System.out.println("alice1 == alice3: " + (alice1 == alice3));

      System.out.println("alice1.equals(alice3): " + alice1.equals(alice3));

      System.out.println("alice1.equals(bob): " + alice1.equals(bob));

      System.out.println("bob.toString(): " + bob);

      var carl = new Manager("Carl Cracker", 80000, 1987, 12, 15);
      var boss = new Manager("Carl Cracker", 80000, 1987, 12, 15);
      boss.setBonus(5000);
      System.out.println("boss.toString(): " + boss);
      System.out.println("carl.equals(boss): " + carl.equals(boss));
      System.out.println("alice1.hashCode(): " + alice1.hashCode());
      System.out.println("alice3.hashCode(): " + alice3.hashCode());
      System.out.println("bob.hashCode(): " + bob.hashCode());
      System.out.println("carl.hashCode(): " + carl.hashCode());
   }
}
EqualsTest
package equals;

public class Manager extends Employee
{
   private double bonus;

   public Manager(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day)
   {
      super(name, salary, year, month, day);
      bonus = 0;
   }

   public double getSalary()
   {
      double baseSalary = super.getSalary();
      return baseSalary + bonus;
   }

   public void setBonus(double bonus)
   {
      this.bonus = bonus;
   }

@Override
public boolean equals(Object otherObject) {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    if (!super.equals(otherObject)) return false;
    var other = (Manager) otherObject;
     // super.equals檢查這個和其餘屬於同一個類
    return bonus == other.bonus;
}

@Override
public int hashCode() {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    return super.hashCode();
}

@Override
public String toString() {
    // TODO Auto-generated method stub
    return super.toString();
}

   /*public boolean equals(Object otherObject)
   {
      if (!super.equals(otherObject)) return false;
      var other = (Manager) otherObject;
      // super.equals checked that this and other belong to the same class
      return bonus == other.bonus;
   }

   public int hashCode()
   {
      return java.util.Objects.hash(super.hashCode(), bonus);
   }

   public String toString()
   {
      return super.toString() + "[bonus=" + bonus + "]";
   }*/
}
Manager

運行結果:

測試程序2:

l 在elipse IDE中調試運行程序5-11(教材182頁),結合程序運行結果理解程序;

l 掌握ArrayList類的定義及用法;

l 在程序中相關代碼處添加新知識的註釋;

l 設計適當的代碼,測試ArrayList類的set()get()remove()size()等方法的用法。

package arrayList;

import java.util.*;

/**
 * This program demonstrates the ArrayList class.
 * @version 1.11 2012-01-26
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class ArrayListTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      // 用三個Employee對象填充staff數組列表
      var staff = new ArrayList<Employee>();

      staff.add(new Employee("Carl Cracker", 75000, 1987, 12, 15));
      staff.add(new Employee("Harry Hacker", 50000, 1989, 10, 1));
      staff.add(new Employee("Tony Tester", 40000, 1990, 3, 15));

      // 把每一個人的薪水提升5%
      for (Employee e : staff)
         e.raiseSalary(5);

      // 打印全部Employee對象的信息
      for (Employee e : staff)
         System.out.println("name=" + e.getName() + ",salary=" + e.getSalary() + ",hireDay=" 
            + e.getHireDay());
   }
}
ArrayListTest
package arrayList;

import java.time.*;

public class Employee
{
   private String name;
   private double salary;
   private LocalDate hireDay;

   public Employee(String name, double salary, int year, int month, int day)
   {
      this.name = name;
      this.salary = salary;
      hireDay = LocalDate.of(year, month, day);
   }

   public String getName()
   {
      return name;
   }

   public double getSalary()
   {
      return salary;
   }

   public LocalDate getHireDay()
   {
      return hireDay;
   }

   public void raiseSalary(double byPercent)
   {
      double raise = salary * byPercent / 100;
      salary += raise;
   }
}
Employee

運行結果:

更改後的ArrayListTest代碼以下:

 1 package arrayList;
 2 
 3 import java.util.*;
 4 
 5 /**
 6  * This program demonstrates the ArrayList class.
 7  * @version 1.11 2012-01-26
 8  * @author Cay Horstmann
 9  */
10 public class ArrayListTest
11 {
12    public static void main(String[] args)
13    {
14       // 用三個Employee對象填充staff數組列表
15       var staff = new ArrayList<Employee>();
16 
17       staff.add(new Employee("Carl Cracker", 75000, 1987, 12, 15));
18       staff.add(new Employee("Harry Hacker", 50000, 1989, 10, 1));
19       staff.add(new Employee("Tony Tester", 40000, 1990, 3, 15));
20       
21       System.out.println(staff.get(1));
22       staff.set(1, new Employee("liujiahua", 50000, 2019, 10, 11));
23       System.out.println(staff.size());
24       staff.remove(2);
25 
26       // 把每一個人的薪水提升5%
27       for (Employee e : staff)
28          e.raiseSalary(5);
29 
30       // 打印全部Employee對象的信息
31       for (Employee e : staff)
32          System.out.println("name=" + e.getName() + ",salary=" + e.getSalary() + ",hireDay=" 
33             + e.getHireDay());
34    }
35 }
new ArrayListTest

 

運行代碼以後截圖:

  能夠看到,在修改代碼以後運行能夠看出,經過get()方法得到下標爲1的元素儲存位置,即地址經過;set()方法,修改在ArrayList<>中下標1添加new Employee("liujiahua", 50000, 2019, 10, 11);

經過get()方法得到數組下標爲1的元素輸出、經過remove()方法刪除下標爲2的數組元素、而且經過size()方法代替.length獲得數組的長度。

 

測試程序3:

l 編輯、編譯、調試運行程序5-12(教材189頁),結合運行結果理解程序;

l 掌握枚舉類的定義及用法;

l 在程序中相關代碼處添加新知識的註釋;

l 刪除程序中Size枚舉類,背錄刪除代碼,在代碼錄入中掌握枚舉類的定義要求。

package enums;

import java.util.*;

/**
 * This program demonstrates enumerated types.
 * @version 1.0 2004-05-24
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class EnumTest
{  
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {  
      var in = new Scanner(System.in);
      System.out.print("Enter a size: (SMALL, MEDIUM, LARGE, EXTRA_LARGE) ");
      String input = in.next().toUpperCase();
      Size size = Enum.valueOf(Size.class, input);
      System.out.println("size=" + size);
      System.out.println("abbreviation=" + size.getAbbreviation());
      if (size == Size.EXTRA_LARGE)
         System.out.println("Good job--you paid attention to the _.");      
   }
}

enum Size
{
   SMALL("S"), MEDIUM("M"), LARGE("L"), EXTRA_LARGE("XL");

   private Size(String abbreviation) { this.abbreviation = abbreviation; }
   public String getAbbreviation() { return abbreviation; }
    
   private String abbreviation;
    
}
EnumTest

 運行結果:

測試程序4:錄入如下代碼,結合程序運行結果瞭解方法的可變參數用法

public class TestVarArgus {  

    public static void dealArray(int... intArray){  

        for (int i : intArray)  

            System.out.print(i +" ");  

          

        System.out.println();  

    }        

    public static void main(String args[]){  

        dealArray();  

        dealArray(1);  

        dealArray(1, 2, 3);

   dealArray(1, 2, 3, 4); 

     dealArray(1, 2, 3, 4, 5); 

     dealArray(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6); 

    }  

}

運行截圖:

實驗:3:編程練習:參照輸出樣例補全程序,使程序輸出結果與輸出樣例一致。

public class Demo {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Son son = new Son();

son.method();

}

}

class Parent {

Parent() {

System.out.println("Parent's Constructor without parameter");

}

Parent(boolean b) {

System.out.println("Parent's Constructor with a boolean parameter");

}

public void method() {

System.out.println("Parent's method()");

}

}

class Son extends Parent {

//補全本類定義

}

程序運行結果以下:

Parent's Constructor with a boolean parameter

Son's Constructor without parameter

Son's method()

Parent's method()

代碼以下:

package LJH;

public class Demo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
    Son son = new Son();
    son.method();
}
}
class Parent {
        Parent() {
        System.out.println("Parent's Constructor without parameter");
        }
        Parent(boolean b) {
        System.out.println("Parent's Constructor with a boolean parameter");
        }
        public void method() {
        System.out.println("Parent's method()");
        }
    }
class Son extends Parent {
    void Parent() {
        System.out.println("Son's Constructor without parameter");
        }
       public void method() {
           Parent();
           System.out.println("Son's method()");
           super.method();
           
       }
//補全本類定義
    

}
/*
 Parent's Constructor with a boolean parameter
 Son's Constructor without parameter
 Son's method()
 Parent's method()*/
Demo

 

 運行結果:

 

實驗總結:

經過本週的實驗,我掌握理解了成員訪問權限的四個修飾符,Object類和ArrayList類的經常使用方法,API以及枚舉使用方法。在處理一些問題中,我瞭解到了個人不足,編程能力還遠遠不行。在繼承學習中,仍有一些父類和子類的關係沒搞懂;繼承程序構造技術還不太熟練,須要繼續學習鞏固。

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