Ubuntu源碼安裝Nginx
Nginx是經常使用Web服務器，市場佔有率直追老牌Web服務器軟件Apache。Nginx除了做爲Web服務器之外，還能夠做爲郵件服務器，反向代理服務器。下面咱們介紹源代碼安裝和簡單配置Nginx。javascript
#下載源代碼壓縮包，以nginx-1.11.11爲例 dell@dell:~$ wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.11.11.tar.gz #解壓文件 dell@dell:~$ tar -zxvf nginx-1.11.11.tar.gz
下載PCRE，前面博文中已有下載和安裝過程。php
#PCRE官方網站是 https://sourceforge.net/projects/pcre/files/pcre/
安裝pcre, zlib，前者通常是爲了重寫rewrite，後者通常是爲了gzip壓縮。css
PCRE目前（2017-3-24）有兩個版本，分別是PCRE與PCRE2，這裏咱們選擇下載PCRE。html
PCRE最新版本下載地址是https://sourceforge.net/projects/pcre/files/pcre/8.40/。java
選擇文件下載、解壓與安裝。linux
#下載源代碼 dell@dell:~$ wget https://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/project/pcre/pcre/8.40/pcre-8.40.tar.gz #解壓文件 dell@dell:~$ tar -zxvf pcre-8.40.tar.gz dell@dell:~$ cd pcre-8.40/ #配置安裝文件 dell@dell:~/pcre-8.40$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pcre dell@dell:~/pcre-8.40$ make dell@dell:~/pcre-8.40$ sudo make install
安裝zlib。nginx
zlib官方網站是 http://zlib.net/ 。web
#可在官方網站下載，或去https://sourceforge.net/projects/libpng/files/zlib/ 下載 dell@dell:~$ wget http://zlib.net/zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz dell@dell:~$ tar -zxvf zlib-1.2.11.tar.gz dell@dell:~$ cd zlib-1.2.11/ dell@dell:~/zlib-1.2.11$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/zlib1.2 Checking for gcc... Checking for shared library support... Building shared library libz.so.1.2.11 with gcc. Checking for size_t... Yes. Checking for off64_t... Yes. Checking for fseeko... Yes. Checking for strerror... Yes. Checking for unistd.h... Yes. Checking for stdarg.h... Yes. Checking whether to use vs[n]printf() or s[n]printf()... using vs[n]printf(). Checking for vsnprintf() in stdio.h... Yes. Checking for return value of vsnprintf()... Yes. Checking for attribute(visibility) support... Yes. dell@dell:~/zlib-1.2.11$ make dell@dell:~/zlib-1.2.11$ sudo make install
安裝OpenSSL。 OpenSSL官方網站https://www.openssl.org/ 。下載頁面 https://www.openssl.org/source/ 。apache
#
dell@dell:~$ wget https://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.1.0e.tar.gz
dell@dell:~$ tar -zxvf openssl-1.1.0e.tar.gz
dell@dell:~$ cd openssl-1.1.0e/
dell@dell:~/openssl-1.1.0e$ ./config
############################################
示例配置代碼
############################################
dell@dell:~/openssl-1.1.0e$ ./config --prefix=/usr/local/openssl1.1
Operating system: x86_64-whatever-linux2
Configuring for linux-x86_64
Configuring OpenSSL version 1.1.0e (0x1010005fL)
no-asan [default] OPENSSL_NO_ASAN
no-crypto-mdebug [default] OPENSSL_NO_CRYPTO_MDEBUG
no-crypto-mdebug-backtrace [default] OPENSSL_NO_CRYPTO_MDEBUG_BACKTRACE
no-ec_nistp_64_gcc_128 [default] OPENSSL_NO_EC_NISTP_64_GCC_128
no-egd [default] OPENSSL_NO_EGD
no-fuzz-afl [default] OPENSSL_NO_FUZZ_AFL
no-fuzz-libfuzzer [default] OPENSSL_NO_FUZZ_LIBFUZZER
no-heartbeats [default] OPENSSL_NO_HEARTBEATS
no-md2 [default] OPENSSL_NO_MD2 (skip dir)
no-msan [default] OPENSSL_NO_MSAN
no-rc5 [default] OPENSSL_NO_RC5 (skip dir)
no-sctp [default] OPENSSL_NO_SCTP
no-ssl-trace [default] OPENSSL_NO_SSL_TRACE
no-ssl3 [default] OPENSSL_NO_SSL3
no-ssl3-method [default] OPENSSL_NO_SSL3_METHOD
no-ubsan [default] OPENSSL_NO_UBSAN
no-unit-test [default] OPENSSL_NO_UNIT_TEST
no-weak-ssl-ciphers [default] OPENSSL_NO_WEAK_SSL_CIPHERS
no-zlib [default]
no-zlib-dynamic [default]
Configuring for linux-x86_64
CC =gcc
CFLAG =-Wall -O3 -pthread -m64 -DL_ENDIAN -Wa,--noexecstack
SHARED_CFLAG =-fPIC -DOPENSSL_USE_NODELETE
DEFINES =DSO_DLFCN HAVE_DLFCN_H NDEBUG OPENSSL_THREADS OPENSSL_NO_STATIC_ENGINE OPENSSL_PIC OPENSSL_IA32_SSE2 OPENSSL_BN_ASM_MONT OPENSSL_BN_ASM_MONT5 OPENSSL_BN_ASM_GF2m SHA1_ASM SHA256_ASM SHA512_ASM RC4_ASM MD5_ASM AES_ASM VPAES_ASM BSAES_ASM GHASH_ASM ECP_NISTZ256_ASM PADLOCK_ASM POLY1305_ASM
LFLAG =
PLIB_LFLAG =
EX_LIBS =-ldl
APPS_OBJ =
CPUID_OBJ =x86_64cpuid.o
UPLINK_OBJ =
BN_ASM =asm/x86_64-gcc.o x86_64-mont.o x86_64-mont5.o x86_64-gf2m.o rsaz_exp.o rsaz-x86_64.o rsaz-avx2.o
EC_ASM =ecp_nistz256.o ecp_nistz256-x86_64.o
DES_ENC =des_enc.o fcrypt_b.o
AES_ENC =aes-x86_64.o vpaes-x86_64.o bsaes-x86_64.o aesni-x86_64.o aesni-sha1-x86_64.o aesni-sha256-x86_64.o aesni-mb-x86_64.o
BF_ENC =bf_enc.o
CAST_ENC =c_enc.o
RC4_ENC =rc4-x86_64.o rc4-md5-x86_64.o
RC5_ENC =rc5_enc.o
MD5_OBJ_ASM =md5-x86_64.o
SHA1_OBJ_ASM =sha1-x86_64.o sha256-x86_64.o sha512-x86_64.o sha1-mb-x86_64.o sha256-mb-x86_64.o
RMD160_OBJ_ASM=
CMLL_ENC =cmll-x86_64.o cmll_misc.o
MODES_OBJ =ghash-x86_64.o aesni-gcm-x86_64.o
PADLOCK_OBJ =e_padlock-x86_64.o
CHACHA_ENC =chacha-x86_64.o
POLY1305_OBJ =poly1305-x86_64.o
BLAKE2_OBJ =
PROCESSOR =
RANLIB =ranlib
ARFLAGS =
PERL =/usr/bin/perl
SIXTY_FOUR_BIT_LONG mode
Configured for linux-x86_64.
dell@dell:~/openssl-1.1.0e$
############################################
示例配置代碼結束
############################################
dell@dell:~/openssl-1.1.0e$ make
dell@dell:~/openssl-1.1.0e$ sudo make install
dell@dell:~/openssl-1.1.0e$ cd
#檢查OpenSSL安裝位置
dell@dell:~$ which openssl
/usr/local/bin/openssl
dell@dell:~$ whereis openssl
openssl: /usr/bin/openssl /usr/local/bin/openssl /usr/share/man/man1/openssl.1ssl.gz
dell@dell:~$
開始安裝Nginx。json
dell@dell:~$ tar -zxvf nginx-1.11.11.tar.gz dell@dell:~$ cd nginx-1.11.11/ dell@dell:~/nginx-1.11.11$ ls auto CHANGES CHANGES.ru conf configure contrib html LICENSE man README src dell@dell:~/nginx-1.11.11$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx1.11 --with-pcre=/usr/local/pcre --with-zlib=/usr/local/zlib1.2 dell@dell:~/nginx-1.11.11$ make make -f objs/Makefile make[1]: Entering directory '/home/dell/nginx-1.11.11' cd /usr/local/pcre \ && if [ -f Makefile ]; then make distclean; fi \ && CC="cc" CFLAGS="-O2 -fomit-frame-pointer -pipe " \ ./configure --disable-shared /bin/sh: 3: ./configure: not found objs/Makefile:1170: recipe for target '/usr/local/pcre/Makefile' failed make[1]: *** [/usr/local/pcre/Makefile] Error 127 make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/dell/nginx-1.11.11' Makefile:8: recipe for target 'build' failed make: *** [build] Error 2 dell@dell:~/nginx-1.11.11$ #解決該問題一個方法 #參考連接 http://kexiaoke.blog.51cto.com/5530023/1375299 #指定PCRE和zlib源代碼位置，複製文件時請執行make distclean dell@dell:~$ sudo mkdir /usr/local/pcre/src dell@dell:~$ sudo mkdir /usr/local/zlib1.2/src dell@dell:~$ sudo cp -r zlib-1.2.11/* /usr/local/zlib1.2/src/ dell@dell:~$ sudo cp -r pcre-8.40/* /usr/local/pcre/src/ dell@dell:~/nginx-1.11.11$ make clean
請檢查PCRE是否正在運行。有相關進程先結束掉。推測多是PHP或者Apache致使PCRE某些文件不能寫入致使Nginx編譯不成功。重啓電腦可能會解決該問題。
dell@dell:~/nginx-1.11.11$ whereis pcre
pcre: /usr/local/pcre
dell@dell:~/nginx-1.11.11$ which pcre
dell@dell:~/nginx-1.11.11$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx1.11 --with-pcre=/home/dell/pcre-8.40 --wit h-zlib=/home/dell/zlib-1.2.11
#開始安裝
dell@dell:~/nginx-1.11.11$ sudo make install
[sudo] dell 的密碼：
make -f objs/Makefile install
make[1]: Entering directory '/home/dell/nginx-1.11.11'
test -d '/usr/local/nginx1.11' || mkdir -p '/usr/local/nginx1.11'
test -d '/usr/local/nginx1.11/sbin' \
|| mkdir -p '/usr/local/nginx1.11/sbin'
test ! -f '/usr/local/nginx1.11/sbin/nginx' \
|| mv '/usr/local/nginx1.11/sbin/nginx' \
'/usr/local/nginx1.11/sbin/nginx.old'
cp objs/nginx '/usr/local/nginx1.11/sbin/nginx'
test -d '/usr/local/nginx1.11/conf' \
|| mkdir -p '/usr/local/nginx1.11/conf'
cp conf/koi-win '/usr/local/nginx1.11/conf'
cp conf/koi-utf '/usr/local/nginx1.11/conf'
cp conf/win-utf '/usr/local/nginx1.11/conf'
test -f '/usr/local/nginx1.11/conf/mime.types' \
|| cp conf/mime.types '/usr/local/nginx1.11/conf'
cp conf/mime.types '/usr/local/nginx1.11/conf/mime.types.default'
test -f '/usr/local/nginx1.11/conf/fastcgi_params' \
|| cp conf/fastcgi_params '/usr/local/nginx1.11/conf'
cp conf/fastcgi_params \
'/usr/local/nginx1.11/conf/fastcgi_params.default'
test -f '/usr/local/nginx1.11/conf/fastcgi.conf' \
|| cp conf/fastcgi.conf '/usr/local/nginx1.11/conf'
cp conf/fastcgi.conf '/usr/local/nginx1.11/conf/fastcgi.conf.default'
test -f '/usr/local/nginx1.11/conf/uwsgi_params' \
|| cp conf/uwsgi_params '/usr/local/nginx1.11/conf'
cp conf/uwsgi_params \
'/usr/local/nginx1.11/conf/uwsgi_params.default'
test -f '/usr/local/nginx1.11/conf/scgi_params' \
|| cp conf/scgi_params '/usr/local/nginx1.11/conf'
cp conf/scgi_params \
'/usr/local/nginx1.11/conf/scgi_params.default'
test -f '/usr/local/nginx1.11/conf/nginx.conf' \
|| cp conf/nginx.conf '/usr/local/nginx1.11/conf/nginx.conf'
cp conf/nginx.conf '/usr/local/nginx1.11/conf/nginx.conf.default'
test -d '/usr/local/nginx1.11/logs' \
|| mkdir -p '/usr/local/nginx1.11/logs'
test -d '/usr/local/nginx1.11/logs' \
|| mkdir -p '/usr/local/nginx1.11/logs'
test -d '/usr/local/nginx1.11/html' \
|| cp -R html '/usr/local/nginx1.11'
test -d '/usr/local/nginx1.11/logs' \
|| mkdir -p '/usr/local/nginx1.11/logs'
make[1]: Leaving directory '/home/dell/nginx-1.11.11'
dell@dell:~/nginx-1.11.11$
dell@dell:~$ whereis nginx
nginx: /usr/local/nginx1.11
#運行Nginx
dell@dell:/usr/local/nginx1.11/sbin$ sudo /usr/local/nginx1.11/sbin/nginx
#檢查Nginx是否佔用80端口
dell@dell:/usr/local/nginx1.11/sbin$ sudo netstat -lpn|grep :80
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 8166/nginx
dell@dell:/usr/local/nginx1.11/sbin$ sudo netstat -lpn|grep :8080
dell@dell:/usr/local/nginx1.11/sbin$ sudo /usr/local/apache2.4/bin/apachectl start
dell@dell:/usr/local/nginx1.11/sbin$ sudo netstat -lpn|grep :8080
tcp6 0 0 :::8080 :::* LISTEN 8203/httpd
dell@dell:/usr/local/nginx1.11/sbin$
安裝成功截圖以下。 
編輯Nginx配置文件。
dell@dell:~$ sudo vim /usr/local/nginx1.11/conf/nginx.conf
該文件能夠修改服務器http監聽端口、服務器名稱等多項設置。
#重啓服務
dell@dell:~$ sudo /usr/local/nginx1.11/sbin/nginx -s reload
#中止服務
dell@dell:~$ sudo /usr/local/nginx1.11/sbin/nginx -s stop
#啓動服務
dell@dell:~$ sudo /usr/local/nginx1.11/sbin/nginx
#測試服務，請檢查-t和-T區別
dell@dell:~$ sudo /usr/local/nginx1.11/sbin/nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx1.11/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx1.11/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
dell@dell:~$ sudo /usr/local/nginx1.11/sbin/nginx -T
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx1.11/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx1.11/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
# configuration file /usr/local/nginx1.11/conf/nginx.conf:
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443 ssl;
# server_name localhost;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
}
# configuration file /usr/local/nginx1.11/conf/mime.types:
types {
text/html html htm shtml;
text/css css;
text/xml xml;
image/gif gif;
image/jpeg jpeg jpg;
application/javascript js;
application/atom+xml atom;
application/rss+xml rss;
text/mathml mml;
text/plain txt;
text/vnd.sun.j2me.app-descriptor jad;
text/vnd.wap.wml wml;
text/x-component htc;
image/png png;
image/tiff tif tiff;
image/vnd.wap.wbmp wbmp;
image/x-icon ico;
image/x-jng jng;
image/x-ms-bmp bmp;
image/svg+xml svg svgz;
image/webp webp;
application/font-woff woff;
application/java-archive jar war ear;
application/json json;
application/mac-binhex40 hqx;
application/msword doc;
application/pdf pdf;
application/postscript ps eps ai;
application/rtf rtf;
application/vnd.apple.mpegurl m3u8;
application/vnd.ms-excel xls;
application/vnd.ms-fontobject eot;
application/vnd.ms-powerpoint ppt;
application/vnd.wap.wmlc wmlc;
application/vnd.google-earth.kml+xml kml;
application/vnd.google-earth.kmz kmz;
application/x-7z-compressed 7z;
application/x-cocoa cco;
application/x-java-archive-diff jardiff;
application/x-java-jnlp-file jnlp;
application/x-makeself run;
application/x-perl pl pm;
application/x-pilot prc pdb;
application/x-rar-compressed rar;
application/x-redhat-package-manager rpm;
application/x-sea sea;
application/x-shockwave-flash swf;
application/x-stuffit sit;
application/x-tcl tcl tk;
application/x-x509-ca-cert der pem crt;
application/x-xpinstall xpi;
application/xhtml+xml xhtml;
application/xspf+xml xspf;
application/zip zip;
application/octet-stream bin exe dll;
application/octet-stream deb;
application/octet-stream dmg;
application/octet-stream iso img;
application/octet-stream msi msp msm;
application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document docx;
application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet xlsx;
application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation pptx;
audio/midi mid midi kar;
audio/mpeg mp3;
audio/ogg ogg;
audio/x-m4a m4a;
audio/x-realaudio ra;
video/3gpp 3gpp 3gp;
video/mp2t ts;
video/mp4 mp4;
video/mpeg mpeg mpg;
video/quicktime mov;
video/webm webm;
video/x-flv flv;
video/x-m4v m4v;
video/x-mng mng;
video/x-ms-asf asx asf;
video/x-ms-wmv wmv;
video/x-msvideo avi;
}
dell@dell:~$
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