with as語法
–針對一個別名
with tmp as (select * from tb_name)php
–針對多個別名
with
tmp as (select * from tb_name),
tmp2 as (select * from tb_name2),
tmp3 as (select * from tb_name3),
…html
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
|
--至關於建了個e臨時表
with
e
as
(
select
*
from
scott.emp e
where
e.empno=7499)
select
*
from
e;
--至關於建了e、d臨時表
with
e
as
(
select
*
from
scott.emp),
d
as
(
select
*
from
scott.dept)
select
*
from
e, d
where
e.deptno = d.deptno;
|
其實就是把一大堆重複用到的sql語句放在with as裏面,取一個別名,後面的查詢就能夠用它,這樣對於大批量的sql語句起到一個優化的做用,並且清楚明瞭。sql
向一張表插入數據的with as用法性能
1
2
3
4
5
|
insert
into
table2
with
s1
as
(
select
rownum c1
from
dual
connect
by
rownum <= 10),
s2
as
(
select
rownum c2
from
dual
connect
by
rownum <= 10)
select
a.c1, b.c2
from
s1 a, s2 b
where
...;
|
select s1.sid, s2.sid from s1 ,s2須要有關聯條件,否則結果會是笛卡爾積。
with as 至關於虛擬視圖。優化
with as短語,也叫作子查詢部分(subquery factoring),可讓你作不少事情,定義一個sql片段,該sql片段會被整個sql語句所用到。有的時候,是爲了讓sql語句的可讀性更高些,也有多是在union all的不一樣部分,做爲提供數據的部分。
特別對於union all比較有用。由於union all的每一個部分可能相同,可是若是每一個部分都去執行一遍的話,則成本過高,因此可使用with as短語,則只要執行一遍便可。若是with as短語所定義的表名被調用兩次以上,則優化器會自動將with as短語所獲取的數據放入一個temp表裏,若是隻是被調用一次,則不會。而提示materialize則是強制將with as短語裏的數據放入一個全局臨時表裏。不少查詢經過這種方法均可以提升速度。spa
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
|
with
sql1
as
(
select
to_char(a) s_name
from
test_tempa),
sql2
as
(
select
to_char(b) s_name
from
test_tempb
where
not
exists (
select
s_name
from
sql1
where
rownum=1))
select
*
from
sql1
union
all
select
*
from
sql2
union
all
select
'no records'
from
dual
where
not
exists (
select
s_name
from
sql1
where
rownum=1)
and
not
exists (
select
s_name
from
sql2
where
rownum=1);
|
with as優勢
增長了sql的易讀性,若是構造了多個子查詢,結構會更清晰;
更重要的是:「一次分析,屢次使用」,這也是爲何會提供性能的地方,達到了「少讀」的目標code