iOS開發CoreAnimation解讀之五——CATransform3D變換的應用 1、引言 CATransform3D定義了一個變化矩陣,經過對矩陣參數的設置,咱們能夠改變layer的一些屬性,這個屬性的改變,能夠產生動畫的效果。首先,CATransform3D定義了一個4*4的矩陣,以下: struct CATransform3D { CGFloat m11, m12, m13, m14; CGFloat m21, m22, m23, m24; CGFloat m31, m32, m33, m34; CGFloat m41, m42, m43, m44; }; 從m11到m44定義的含義以下: m11:x軸方向進行縮放 m12:和m21一塊兒決定z軸的旋轉 m13:和m31一塊兒決定y軸的旋轉 m14: m21:和m12一塊兒決定z軸的旋轉 m22:y軸方向進行縮放 m23:和m32一塊兒決定x軸的旋轉 m24: m31:和m13一塊兒決定y軸的旋轉 m32:和m23一塊兒決定x軸的旋轉 m33:z軸方向進行縮放 m34:透視效果m34= -1/D,D越小,透視效果越明顯,必須在有旋轉效果的前提下,纔會看到透視效果 m41:x軸方向進行平移 m42:y軸方向進行平移 m43:z軸方向進行平移 m44:初始爲1 2、CATransform3D中的屬性和方法 //初始化一個transform3D對象,不作任何變換 const CATransform3D CATransform3DIdentity; //判斷一個transform3D對象是不是初始化的對象 bool CATransform3DIsIdentity (CATransform3D t); //比較兩個transform3D對象是否相同 bool CATransform3DEqualToTransform (CATransform3D a, CATransform3D b); //將兩個 transform3D對象變換屬性進行疊加,返回一個新的transform3D對象 CATransform3D CATransform3DConcat (CATransform3D a, CATransform3D b); 一、平移變換 //返回一個平移變換的transform3D對象 tx,ty,tz對應x,y,z軸的平移 CATransform3D CATransform3DMakeTranslation (CGFloat tx, CGFloat ty, CGFloat tz); //在某個transform3D變換的基礎上進行平移變換,t是上一個transform3D,其餘參數同上 CATransform3D CATransform3DTranslate (CATransform3D t, CGFloat tx, CGFloat ty, CGFloat tz); 例如: UIImageView * imageView = [[UIImageView alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(100, 100, 100, 100)]; imageView.image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"屏幕快照 2015-12-06 下午3.27.15.png"]; [self.view addSubview:imageView]; UIImageView * newImageView = [[UIImageView alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(100, 100, 100, 100)]; newImageView.image=[UIImage imageNamed:@"屏幕快照 2015-12-06 下午3.27.15.png"]; [self.view addSubview:newImageView]; CATransform3D trans = CATransform3DMakeTranslation(10, 200, 0); newImageView.layer.transform =trans; 效果以下: 二、縮放變換 //x,y,z分別對應x軸,y軸,z軸的縮放比例 CATransform3D CATransform3DMakeScale (CGFloat sx, CGFloat sy, CGFloat sz); //在一個transform3D變換的基礎上進行縮放變換,其餘參數同上 CATransform3D CATransform3DScale (CATransform3D t, CGFloat sx, CGFloat sy, CGFloat sz); 例如: UIImageView * imageView = [[UIImageView alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(100, 100, 100, 100)]; imageView.image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"屏幕快照 2015-12-06 下午3.27.15.png"]; [self.view addSubview:imageView]; UIImageView * newImageView = [[UIImageView alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(100, 300, 100, 100)]; newImageView.image=[UIImage imageNamed:@"屏幕快照 2015-12-06 下午3.27.15.png"]; [self.view addSubview:newImageView]; CATransform3D trans = CATransform3DMakeScale(2, 1, 1); newImageView.layer.transform =trans; 效果以下: 三、旋轉變換 //angle參數是旋轉的角度,爲弧度制 0-2π //x,y,z決定了旋轉圍繞的中軸,取值爲-1——1之間,例如(1,0,0),則是繞x軸旋轉(0.5,0.5,0),則是繞x軸與y軸中 //間45度爲軸旋轉,依次進行計算 CATransform3D CATransform3DMakeRotation (CGFloat angle, CGFloat x, CGFloat y, CGFloat z); //在一個transform3D的基礎上進行旋轉變換,其餘參數如上 CATransform3D CATransform3DRotate (CATransform3D t, CGFloat angle, CGFloat x, CGFloat y, CGFloat z); 例如: UIImageView * imageView = [[UIImageView alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(100, 100, 100, 100)]; imageView.image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"屏幕快照 2015-12-06 下午3.27.15.png"]; [self.view addSubview:imageView]; UIImageView * newImageView = [[UIImageView alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(100, 300, 100, 100)]; newImageView.image=[UIImage imageNamed:@"屏幕快照 2015-12-06 下午3.27.15.png"]; [self.view addSubview:newImageView]; CATransform3D trans = CATransform3DMakeRotation(M_PI/2, 0, 0, 1); newImageView.layer.transform =trans; 效果以下: 另外,當咱們有垂直於z軸的旋轉份量時,設置m34的值能夠增長透視效果,也能夠理解爲景深效果,例如: UIImageView * imageView = [[UIImageView alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(100, 100, 100, 100)]; imageView.image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"屏幕快照 2015-12-06 下午3.27.15.png"]; imageView.layer.transform = CATransform3DMakeRotation(M_PI/4, 0, 1, 0); [self.view addSubview:imageView]; UIImageView * newImageView = [[UIImageView alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(100, 300, 100, 100)]; newImageView.image=[UIImage imageNamed:@"屏幕快照 2015-12-06 下午3.27.15.png"]; [self.view addSubview:newImageView]; CATransform3D trans = CATransform3DIdentity; trans.m34 = -1/100.0; trans = CATransform3DRotate(trans, M_PI/4, 0, 1, 0); newImageView.layer.transform =trans; 兩個imageView都進行了y軸的旋轉變換,第二個有透視效果,第一個沒有,運行以下: 四、旋轉翻轉變換 //將一個旋轉的效果進行翻轉 CATransform3D CATransform3DInvert (CATransform3D t); 例如: UIImageView * imageView = [[UIImageView alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(100, 100, 100, 100)]; imageView.image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"屏幕快照 2015-12-06 下午3.27.15.png"]; imageView.layer.transform = CATransform3DMakeRotation(M_PI/4, 0, 0, 1); [self.view addSubview:imageView]; UIImageView * newImageView = [[UIImageView alloc]initWithFrame:CGRectMake(100, 300, 100, 100)]; newImageView.image=[UIImage imageNamed:@"屏幕快照 2015-12-06 下午3.27.15.png"]; [self.view addSubview:newImageView]; CATransform3D trans = CATransform3DMakeRotation(M_PI/4, 0, 0, 1); trans = CATransform3DInvert(trans); newImageView.layer.transform =trans; 效果以下: 五、CATransform3D與CGAffineTransform的轉換 CGAffineTransform是UIKit框架中一個用於變換的矩陣,其做用與CATransform相似,只是其能夠直接做用於View,而不用做用於layer,這兩個矩陣也能夠進行轉換,方法以下: //將一個CGAffinrTransform轉化爲CATransform3D CATransform3D CATransform3DMakeAffineTransform (CGAffineTransform m); //判斷一個CATransform3D是否能夠轉換爲CAAffineTransform bool CATransform3DIsAffine (CATransform3D t); //將CATransform3D轉換爲CGAffineTransform CGAffineTransform CATransform3DGetAffineTransform (CATransform3D t);