接上篇:Android系統啓動流程(二)——Zygote進程的啓動流程java
啓動SystemServer進程是Android系統啓動過程當中很是重要的一步,咱們熟悉的SystemServiceManager以及AMS、WMS等服務都是由SystemServer進程來負責啓動的,所以咱們有必要來了解一下SystemServer的啓動流程。android
SystemServer進程是由Zygote進程來啓動的,在執行ZygoteInit.java的main方法時會去啓動SystemServer:c++
源碼路徑:\frameworks\base\core\java\com\android\internal\os\ZygoteInit.javamarkdown
public static void main(String argv[]) {
...
try {
...
boolean startSystemServer = false;
String socketName = "zygote";
String abiList = null;
for (int i = 1; i < argv.length; i++) {
if ("start-system-server".equals(argv[i])) {
startSystemServer = true;//1.若是參數包含"start-system-server",則須要啓動SystemServer
} else if ("--enable-lazy-preload".equals(argv[i])) {
enableLazyPreload = true;
} else if (argv[i].startsWith(ABI_LIST_ARG)) {
abiList = argv[i].substring(ABI_LIST_ARG.length());
} else if (argv[i].startsWith(SOCKET_NAME_ARG)) {
socketName = argv[i].substring(SOCKET_NAME_ARG.length());
} else {
throw new RuntimeException("Unknown command line argument: " + argv[i]);
}
}
...
if (startSystemServer) {
startSystemServer(abiList, socketName, zygoteServer);//2.啓動SystemServer
}
...
} catch (Zygote.MethodAndArgsCaller caller) {
caller.run();
} catch (Throwable ex) {
Log.e(TAG, "System zygote died with exception", ex);
zygoteServer.closeServerSocket();
throw ex;
}
}
複製代碼
在註釋1處,若是參數args中含有"start-system-server"字段,則會在註釋2處經過調用startSystemServer方法來啓動SystemServer,咱們來看一下startSystemServer方法的源碼:app
private static boolean startSystemServer(String abiList, String socketName, ZygoteServer zygoteServer) throws Zygote.MethodAndArgsCaller, RuntimeException {
...
int pid;
try {
...
//1.調用Zygote的forkSystemServer方法來建立SystemServer進程
pid = Zygote.forkSystemServer(
parsedArgs.uid, parsedArgs.gid,
parsedArgs.gids,
parsedArgs.debugFlags,
null,
parsedArgs.permittedCapabilities,
parsedArgs.effectiveCapabilities);
} catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(ex);
}
/* 若是pid爲0,則當前位於SystemServer進程 */
if (pid == 0) {
if (hasSecondZygote(abiList)) {
waitForSecondaryZygote(socketName);
}
zygoteServer.closeServerSocket();//關閉從Zygote進程複製而來的Socket
handleSystemServerProcess(parsedArgs);//2.調用handleSystemServerProcess來初始化SystemServer進程
}
return true;
}
複製代碼
startSystemServer方法的代碼比較簡單,在註釋1處,經過調用Zygote的forkSystemServer來建立了SystemServer進程,而後再註釋2出經過調用handleSystemServerProcess來進一步對SystemServer進程進行一些初始化工做。咱們先來看一下forkSystemServer的源碼:socket
public static int forkSystemServer(int uid, int gid, int[] gids, int debugFlags, int[][] rlimits, long permittedCapabilities, long effectiveCapabilities) {
VM_HOOKS.preFork();
// Resets nice priority for zygote process.
resetNicePriority();
int pid = nativeForkSystemServer(
uid, gid, gids, debugFlags, rlimits, permittedCapabilities, effectiveCapabilities);
// Enable tracing as soon as we enter the system_server.
if (pid == 0) {
Trace.setTracingEnabled(true);
}
VM_HOOKS.postForkCommon();
return pid;
}
native private static int nativeForkSystemServer(int uid, int gid, int[] gids, int debugFlags, int[][] rlimits, long permittedCapabilities, long effectiveCapabilities);
複製代碼
能夠看到,在forkSystemServer方法中調用了native方法nativeForkSystemServer方法來建立SystemServer進程,而nativeForkSystemServer的底層則直接調用了fork方法來建立新的線程。oop
再來看一下handleSystemServerProcess方法,源碼以下:post
private static void handleSystemServerProcess( ZygoteConnection.Arguments parsedArgs) throws Zygote.MethodAndArgsCaller {
...
if (parsedArgs.invokeWith != null) {
...
} else {
ClassLoader cl = null;
if (systemServerClasspath != null) {
//1.建立PathClassLoader
cl = createPathClassLoader(systemServerClasspath, parsedArgs.targetSdkVersion);
Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(cl);
}
//2.調用ZygoteInit.zygoteInit來對SystemServer進行初始化
ZygoteInit.zygoteInit(parsedArgs.targetSdkVersion, parsedArgs.remainingArgs, cl);
}
}
複製代碼
在註釋1處建立了一個PathClassLoader,而後在註釋2出調用了ZygoteInit的zygoteInit方法來對SystemServer進行初始化。zygoteInit的源碼以下:ui
源碼路徑:\frameworks\base\core\java\com\android\internal\os\ZygoteInit.javaatom
public static final void zygoteInit(int targetSdkVersion, String[] argv, ClassLoader classLoader) throws Zygote.MethodAndArgsCaller {
if (RuntimeInit.DEBUG) {
Slog.d(RuntimeInit.TAG, "RuntimeInit: Starting application from zygote");
}
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "ZygoteInit");
RuntimeInit.redirectLogStreams();
RuntimeInit.commonInit();
ZygoteInit.nativeZygoteInit();//調用nativeZygoteInit
RuntimeInit.applicationInit(targetSdkVersion, argv, classLoader);
}
private static final native void nativeZygoteInit();
複製代碼
在zygoteInit方法中又調用了nativeZygoteInit方法,而nativeZygoteInit的做用主要是用來啓動Binder線程池的。
nativeZygoteInit方法所對應的C++代碼以下:
源碼位置:\frameworks\base\core\jni\AndroidRuntime.cpp
static AndroidRuntime* gCurRuntime = NULL;
static void com_android_internal_os_ZygoteInit_nativeZygoteInit(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz) {
gCurRuntime->onZygoteInit();
}
複製代碼
該方法直接調用了gCurRuntime對象的onZygoteInit方法,這個gCurRuntime是由AndroidRuntime的子類AppRuntime來實現的,它位於app_main.cpp文件中,咱們來看一下AppRuntime的onZygoteInit方法:
源碼路徑:\frameworks\base\cmds\app_process\app_main.cpp
virtual void onZygoteInit() {
sp<ProcessState> proc = ProcessState::self();
ALOGV("App process: starting thread pool.\n");
proc->startThreadPool();
}
複製代碼
能夠看到,onZygoteInit方法中又調用了ProcessState的startThreadPool來開啓線程池,該方法的源碼以下:
源碼路徑:\frameworks\native\libs\binder\ProcessState.cpp
void ProcessState::startThreadPool() {
AutoMutex _l(mLock);
if (!mThreadPoolStarted) {//1.判斷線程池是否已經開啓
mThreadPoolStarted = true;
spawnPooledThread(true);//2.調用spawnPooledThread方法
}
}
void ProcessState::spawnPooledThread(bool isMain) {
if (mThreadPoolStarted) {
String8 name = makeBinderThreadName();//3.建立Binder線程池的名稱
ALOGV("Spawning new pooled thread, name=%s\n", name.string());
sp<Thread> t = new PoolThread(isMain);//4.建立線程池對象
t->run(name.string());//5.運行該線程池
}
}
String8 ProcessState::makeBinderThreadName() {
int32_t s = android_atomic_add(1, &mThreadPoolSeq);//編號+1
pid_t pid = getpid();//獲取pid
String8 name;
name.appendFormat("Binder:%d_%X", pid, s);//6.拼接Binder線程池名稱
return name;
}
複製代碼
首先在註釋1處判斷線程池是否已經開啓,以此保證Binder線程池只會啓動一次,而後在註釋2出調用了spawnPooledThread方法來建立線程,而且參數爲true。
在註釋3初經過makeBinderThreadName方法來建立線程的名稱,經過註釋6處的代碼咱們能夠得知,Android中Binder線程的名稱都是「Binder:」+線程id+「_」+線程編號的形式。
在註釋4處建立了線程池中的第一個線程,它是一個PoolThread 對象,isMain爲true表示該線程爲線程池的主線程,並在註釋5出調用了run方法來運行該線程。
咱們來看一下PoolThread的源碼:
源碼路徑:\frameworks\native\libs\binder\ProcessState.cpp
class PoolThread : public Thread
{
public:
explicit PoolThread(bool isMain) : mIsMain(isMain) {
}
protected:
virtual bool threadLoop() {
IPCThreadState::self()->joinThreadPool(mIsMain);
return false;
}
const bool mIsMain;
};
複製代碼
從上面的代碼能夠得知,PoolThread繼承自Thread類。當運行PoolThread對象的run方法時,會調用該對象的threadLoop方法,並在threadLoop方法中調用IPCThreadState對象的joinThreadPool方法,來將該線程加入到Binder線程池中,至此,SystemServer進程就能夠經過Binder與其餘進程進行通訊了。
回到ZygoteInit.java的zygoteInit方法中,在調用nativeZygoteInit來啓動線程池後,又調用了RuntimeInit.applicationInit方法,該方法的代碼以下:
源碼路徑:\frameworks\base\core\java\com\android\internal\os\RuntimeInit.java
protected static void applicationInit(int targetSdkVersion, String[] argv, ClassLoader classLoader) throws Zygote.MethodAndArgsCaller {
...
invokeStaticMain(args.startClass, args.startArgs, classLoader);//1.調用invokeStaticMain方法
}
private static void invokeStaticMain(String className, String[] argv, ClassLoader classLoader) throws Zygote.MethodAndArgsCaller {
Class<?> cl;
try {
cl = Class.forName(className, true, classLoader);//2.獲取SystemServer對應的Java類
} catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Missing class when invoking static main " + className,
ex);
}
Method m;
try {
m = cl.getMethod("main", new Class[] { String[].class });//3.找到main方法
} catch (NoSuchMethodException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Missing static main on " + className, ex);
} catch (SecurityException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Problem getting static main on " + className, ex);
}
int modifiers = m.getModifiers();
if (! (Modifier.isStatic(modifiers) && Modifier.isPublic(modifiers))) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Main method is not public and static on " + className);
}
/* * 4.拋出異常,該異常最終會在ZygoteInit.main中被捕獲 * 使用拋出異常的方法能夠直接清理全部棧幀 */
throw new Zygote.MethodAndArgsCaller(m, argv);
}
複製代碼
從註釋1處能夠看到,applicationInit方法內又調用了invokeStaticMain方法,從invokeStaticMain方法的名字咱們就能夠猜出,該方法主要是使用反射來調用SystemServer的main方法的。在註釋2處經過反射獲取到了SystemServer對應的java類,並在註釋3出經過反射找到了main方法。不過在invokeStaticMain方法中並無直接去執行這個main方法,而是在註釋4出拋出了一個異常對象Zygote.MethodAndArgsCaller,並將main方法和相關參數封裝到了這個異常對象中,這個異常最終會在ZygoteInit.java的main方法中被捕獲到,以下:
public static void main(String argv[]) {
...
try {
...
if (startSystemServer) {
startSystemServer(abiList, socketName, zygoteServer);
}
...
} catch (Zygote.MethodAndArgsCaller caller) {//1.捕獲Zygote.MethodAndArgsCaller異常
caller.run(); //2.調用異常對象的run方法
} catch (Throwable ex) {
Log.e(TAG, "System zygote died with exception", ex);
zygoteServer.closeServerSocket();
throw ex;
}
}
複製代碼
在註釋1出捕獲到了拋出的Zygote.MethodAndArgsCaller異常,而後在註釋2處調用了該對象的run方法,MethodAndArgsCaller的源碼以下:
源碼路徑:\frameworks\base\core\java\com\android\internal\os\Zygote.java
public static class MethodAndArgsCaller extends Exception implements Runnable {
private final Method mMethod;
private final String[] mArgs;
public MethodAndArgsCaller(Method method, String[] args) {
mMethod = method;
mArgs = args;
}
public void run() {
try {
mMethod.invoke(null, new Object[] { mArgs });//執行main方法
} catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(ex);
} catch (InvocationTargetException ex) {
Throwable cause = ex.getCause();
if (cause instanceof RuntimeException) {
throw (RuntimeException) cause;
} else if (cause instanceof Error) {
throw (Error) cause;
}
throw new RuntimeException(ex);
}
}
}
複製代碼
能夠看到,在MethodAndArgsCaller的run方法中直接經過mMethod.invoke來執行了傳入的方法,即SystemServer的main方法,咱們再來看SystemServer的main的代碼:
源碼路徑:\frameworks\base\services\java\com\android\server\SystemServer.java
public static void main(String[] args) {
new SystemServer().run();
}
private void run() {
try {
...
Looper.prepareMainLooper();//1.準備主線程的Looper
System.loadLibrary("android_servers");//動態加載so庫
performPendingShutdown();
createSystemContext();//2.建立系統context
mSystemServiceManager = new SystemServiceManager(mSystemContext);//3.建立SystemServiceManager
mSystemServiceManager.setRuntimeRestarted(mRuntimeRestart);
LocalServices.addService(SystemServiceManager.class, mSystemServiceManager);
SystemServerInitThreadPool.get();
} finally {
traceEnd();
}
// 開始啓動各類服務
try {
traceBeginAndSlog("StartServices");
startBootstrapServices();//4.開啓各類引導服務
startCoreServices();//5.開啓各類核心服務
startOtherServices();//6.開啓其餘服務
SystemServerInitThreadPool.shutdown();
} catch (Throwable ex) {
Slog.e("System", "******************************************");
Slog.e("System", "************ Failure starting system services", ex);
throw ex;
} finally {
traceEnd();
}
...
Looper.loop();//7.開始Loop無限循環
throw new RuntimeException("Main thread loop unexpectedly exited");
}
複製代碼
在main方法中建立了一個SystemServer對象並直接調用了該對象的run方法。
在註釋1處經過調用prepareMainLooper來準備主線程的Looper,在註釋2處建立系統context,在註釋3處建立了SystemServiceManager對象,該對象用來管理Android系統中的各類服務。
註釋四、五、6處都是在啓動各類系統服務,Android中的系統服務大體能夠分爲3類:
咱們以ActivityManagerService爲例來看一下這些服務是如何被啓動的,先來看一下startBootstrapServices的源碼:
源碼路徑:\frameworks\base\services\java\com\android\server\SystemServer.java
private void startBootstrapServices() {
...
// Activity manager runs the show.
traceBeginAndSlog("StartActivityManager");
//經過調用SystemServiceManager對象的startService方法來建立ActivityManagerService
mActivityManagerService = mSystemServiceManager.startService(
ActivityManagerService.Lifecycle.class).getService();
mActivityManagerService.setSystemServiceManager(mSystemServiceManager);
mActivityManagerService.setInstaller(installer);
traceEnd();
...
}
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從上面的代碼能夠看到,ActivityManagerService是由SystemServiceManager對象的startService方法來啓動的,startService方法代碼以下:
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public <T extends SystemService> T startService(Class<T> serviceClass) {
try {
...
final T service;
try {
Constructor<T> constructor = serviceClass.getConstructor(Context.class);//1.獲取要啓動的service的類的構造方法
service = constructor.newInstance(mContext);//2.建立服務實例
}
...
startService(service);//3.調用另外一個重載方法
return service;
} finally {
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_SYSTEM_SERVER);
}
}
public void startService(@NonNull final SystemService service) {
mServices.add(service);//4.將建立的service加入到mServices列表中
long time = System.currentTimeMillis();
try {
service.onStart();//5.調用onStart方法來啓動這個服務
} catch (RuntimeException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException("Failed to start service " + service.getClass().getName()
+ ": onStart threw an exception", ex);
}
warnIfTooLong(System.currentTimeMillis() - time, service, "onStart");
}
複製代碼
在註釋1處,經過反射獲取要啓動的服務的構造方法,而後再註釋2處建立了一個新的實例。 在註釋3處調用了startService的另外一個重載方法,並在註釋4處將建立好的服務加入到了mServices列表中。 在註釋5處經過調用服務的onStart方法來開啓了這個服務。
至此SystemServer的啓動流程就基本完成了。