JPG學習筆記4(附完整代碼)

  JPG編碼的第3步是量化。對於通過離散餘弦變化後的8*8block的數據,咱們要對這8*8的數據進行量化。在JPEG中量化就是對數據V除以某個數Q,獲得round(V/Q)代替原來的數據。而後在JPG解碼的時候再乘以M獲得V。html

       須要注意的是,量化會丟失圖片精度,並且是不可逆的。git

       M的大小同時也影響壓縮的效果。M越大壓縮效果越好,可是圖片精度損失越大。github

圖片引用自"Compressed Image File Formats JPEG, PNG, GIF, XBM, BMP - John Miano"[1]ide

1.JPEG的量化過程

首先咱們會有一個8*8的量化表,這個表能夠自定義,也能夠用JPEG標準提供的量化表。學習

直接用咱們的8*8的Block數據,除以對應的QuantizationTable的數據便可。ui

const Block QUANTIZATION_TABLE_Y = {16,  11,  10,  16,  24,   40,   51,   61,   
                                    12,  12,  14,  19,  26,   58,   60,   55,   
                                    14,  13,  16,  24,  40,   57,   69,   56,   
                                    14,  17,  22,  29,  51,   87,   80,   62,   
                                    18,  22,  37,  56,  68,   109,  103,  77,   
                                    24,  35,  55,  64,  81,   104,  113,  92,   
                                    49,  64,  78,  87,  103,  121,  120,  101,  
                                    72,  92,  95,  98,  112,  100,  103,  99  };

const Block QUANTIZATION_TABLE_CBCR = { 17,  18,  24,  47,  99, 99,  99,  99,   
                                        18,  21,  26,  66,  99, 99,  99,  99,   
                                        24,  26,  56,  99,  99, 99,  99,  99,   
                                        47,  66,  99,  99,  99, 99,  99,  99,   
                                        99,  99,  99,  99,  99, 99,  99,  99,   
                                        99,  99,  99,  99,  99, 99,  99,  99,   
                                        99,  99,  99,  99,  99, 99,  99,  99,  
                                        99,  99,  99,  99,  99, 99,  99,  99  };
量化表

 

 

假設咱們的數據如左下,量化表如右下. 編碼

 

 則round(V / A)就是咱們須要的值了spa

 

2.代碼

void JPG::quantization() {
    for (uint i = 0; i < mcuHeight; i++) {
        for (uint j = 0; j < mcuWidth; j++) {
            MCU& currentMCU = data[i * mcuWidth + j];
            //iterate over 每個component Y, cb cr
            for (uint componentID = 1; componentID <= 3; componentID++) {
                //遍歷block
                for(uint ii = 0; ii < getVerticalSamplingFrequency(componentID); ii++) {
                    for(uint jj = 0; jj < getHorizontalSamplingFrequency(componentID); jj++) {
                        Block& currentBlock = currentMCU[componentID][ii * getHorizontalSamplingFrequency(componentID) + jj];
                        const Block& quantizationTable = getQuantizationTableByID(componentID);
                        //這一步就是對64個像素進行量化 for(uint index = 0; index < 64; index++) {
                             currentBlock[index] = currentBlock[index] / quantizationTable[index];
                        }
                    }
                }             
            }
        }
    }  
}

 以上所有的代碼在https://github.com/Cheemion/JPEG_COMPRESS/tree/main/Day4code

 完結

  Thanks for reading,component

  Wish you have a good day.

                                                                                                                                                                                              >>>> JPG學習筆記5(待續)


 

參考資料

[1]https://github.com/Cheemion/JPEG_COMPRESS/blob/main/resource/Compressed%20Image%20File%20Formats%20JPEG%2C%20PNG%2C%20GIF%2C%20XBM%2C%20BMP%20-%20John%20Miano.pdf

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