spring實現讀寫分離

(轉自:http://www.cnblogs.com/surge/p/3582248.html)html

 

如今大型的電子商務系統,在數據庫層面大都採用讀寫分離技術,就是一個Master數據庫,多個Slave數據庫。Master庫負責數據更新和實時數據查詢,Slave庫固然負責非實時數據查詢。由於在實際的應用中,數據庫都是讀多寫少(讀取數據的頻率高,更新數據的頻率相對較少),而讀取數據一般耗時比較長,佔用數據庫服務器的CPU較多,從而影響用戶體驗。咱們一般的作法就是把查詢從主庫中抽取出來,採用多個從庫,使用負載均衡,減輕每一個從庫的查詢壓力。java

  採用讀寫分離技術的目標:有效減輕Master庫的壓力,又能夠把用戶查詢數據的請求分發到不一樣的Slave庫,從而保證系統的健壯性。咱們看下采用讀寫分離的背景。mysql

  隨着網站的業務不斷擴展,數據不斷增長,用戶愈來愈多,數據庫的壓力也就愈來愈大,採用傳統的方式,好比:數據庫或者SQL的優化基本已達不到要求,這個時候能夠採用讀寫分離的策 略來改變現狀。spring

  具體到開發中,如何方便的實現讀寫分離呢?目前經常使用的有兩種方式:sql

  1 第一種方式是咱們最經常使用的方式,就是定義2個數據庫鏈接,一個是MasterDataSource,另外一個是SlaveDataSource。更新數據時咱們讀取MasterDataSource,查詢數據時咱們讀取SlaveDataSource。這種方式很簡單,我就不贅述了。數據庫

  2 第二種方式動態數據源切換,就是在程序運行時,把數據源動態織入到程序中,從而選擇讀取主庫仍是從庫。主要使用的技術是:annotation,Spring AOP ,反射。下面會詳細的介紹實現方式。express

   在介紹實現方式以前,咱們先準備一些必要的知識,spring 的AbstractRoutingDataSource 類服務器

     AbstractRoutingDataSource這個類 是spring2.0之後增長的,咱們先來看下AbstractRoutingDataSource的定義:mybatis

    public abstract class AbstractRoutingDataSource extends AbstractDataSource implements InitializingBean  {}app


    AbstractRoutingDataSource繼承了AbstractDataSource ,而AbstractDataSource 又是DataSource 的子類。DataSource   是javax.sql 的數據源接口,定義以下:

 

public interface DataSource  extends CommonDataSource,Wrapper {

  /**
   * <p>Attempts to establish a connection with the data source that
   * this <code>DataSource</code> object represents.
   *
   * @return  a connection to the data source
   * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs
   */
  Connection getConnection() throws SQLException;

  /**
   * <p>Attempts to establish a connection with the data source that
   * this <code>DataSource</code> object represents.
   *
   * @param username the database user on whose behalf the connection is
   *  being made
   * @param password the user's password
   * @return  a connection to the data source
   * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs
   * @since 1.4
   */
  Connection getConnection(String username, String password)
    throws SQLException;

}

 


複製代碼
public interface DataSource  extends CommonDataSource,Wrapper {

  /**
   * <p>Attempts to establish a connection with the data source that
   * this <code>DataSource</code> object represents.
   *
   * @return  a connection to the data source
   * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs
   */
  Connection getConnection() throws SQLException;

  /**
   * <p>Attempts to establish a connection with the data source that
   * this <code>DataSource</code> object represents.
   *
   * @param username the database user on whose behalf the connection is
   *  being made
   * @param password the user's password
   * @return  a connection to the data source
   * @exception SQLException if a database access error occurs
   * @since 1.4
   */
  Connection getConnection(String username, String password)
    throws SQLException;

}
複製代碼

 

  DataSource 接口定義了2個方法,都是獲取數據庫鏈接。咱們在看下AbstractRoutingDataSource 如何實現了DataSource接口:

public Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
        return determineTargetDataSource().getConnection();
    }

    public Connection getConnection(String username, String password) throws SQLException {
        return determineTargetDataSource().getConnection(username, password);
    }

 


複製代碼
public Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
        return determineTargetDataSource().getConnection();
    }

    public Connection getConnection(String username, String password) throws SQLException {
        return determineTargetDataSource().getConnection(username, password);
    }
複製代碼

 

  很顯然就是調用本身的determineTargetDataSource()  方法獲取到connection。determineTargetDataSource方法定義以下:

protected DataSource determineTargetDataSource() {
        Assert.notNull(this.resolvedDataSources, "DataSource router not initialized");
        Object lookupKey = determineCurrentLookupKey();
        DataSource dataSource = this.resolvedDataSources.get(lookupKey);
        if (dataSource == null && (this.lenientFallback || lookupKey == null)) {
            dataSource = this.resolvedDefaultDataSource;
        }
        if (dataSource == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot determine target DataSource for lookup key [" + lookupKey + "]");
        }
        return dataSource;
    }

 


複製代碼
protected DataSource determineTargetDataSource() {
        Assert.notNull(this.resolvedDataSources, "DataSource router not initialized");
        Object lookupKey = determineCurrentLookupKey();
        DataSource dataSource = this.resolvedDataSources.get(lookupKey);
        if (dataSource == null && (this.lenientFallback || lookupKey == null)) {
            dataSource = this.resolvedDefaultDataSource;
        }
        if (dataSource == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot determine target DataSource for lookup key [" + lookupKey + "]");
        }
        return dataSource;
    }
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   咱們最關心的仍是下面2句話:

    Object lookupKey = determineCurrentLookupKey();
        DataSource dataSource = this.resolvedDataSources.get(lookupKey);

    determineCurrentLookupKey方法返回lookupKey,resolvedDataSources方法就是根據lookupKey從Map中得到數據源。resolvedDataSources 和determineCurrentLookupKey定義以下:

  private Map<Object, DataSource> resolvedDataSources;

  protected abstract Object determineCurrentLookupKey()

  看到以上定義,咱們是否是有點思路了,resolvedDataSources是Map類型,咱們能夠把MasterDataSource和SlaveDataSource存到Map中,以下:

    key        value

    master             MasterDataSource

    slave                  SlaveDataSource

  咱們在寫一個類DynamicDataSource  繼承AbstractRoutingDataSource,實現其determineCurrentLookupKey() 方法,該方法返回Map的key,master或slave。

 

  好了,說了這麼多,有點煩了,下面咱們看下怎麼實現。

   上面已經提到了咱們要使用的技術,咱們先看下annotation的定義:

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
public @interface DataSource {
    String value();
}

 


@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
public @interface DataSource {
    String value();
}

 

    咱們還須要實現spring的抽象類AbstractRoutingDataSource,就是實現determineCurrentLookupKey方法:

public class DynamicDataSource extends AbstractRoutingDataSource {

    @Override
    protected Object determineCurrentLookupKey() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return DynamicDataSourceHolder.getDataSouce();
    }

}


public class DynamicDataSourceHolder {
    public static final ThreadLocal<String> holder = new ThreadLocal<String>();

    public static void putDataSource(String name) {
        holder.set(name);
    }

    public static String getDataSouce() {
        return holder.get();
    }
}

 


複製代碼
public class DynamicDataSource extends AbstractRoutingDataSource {

    @Override
    protected Object determineCurrentLookupKey() {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return DynamicDataSourceHolder.getDataSouce();
    }

}


public class DynamicDataSourceHolder {
    public static final ThreadLocal<String> holder = new ThreadLocal<String>();

    public static void putDataSource(String name) {
        holder.set(name);
    }

    public static String getDataSouce() {
        return holder.get();
    }
}
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    從DynamicDataSource 的定義看出,他返回的是DynamicDataSourceHolder.getDataSouce()值,咱們須要在程序運行時調用DynamicDataSourceHolder.putDataSource()方法,對其賦值。下面是咱們實現的核心部分,也就是AOP部分,DataSourceAspect定義以下:

public class DataSourceAspect {

    public void before(JoinPoint point)
    {
        Object target = point.getTarget();
        String method = point.getSignature().getName();

        Class<?>[] classz = target.getClass().getInterfaces();

        Class<?>[] parameterTypes = ((MethodSignature) point.getSignature())
                .getMethod().getParameterTypes();
        try {
            Method m = classz[0].getMethod(method, parameterTypes);
            if (m != null && m.isAnnotationPresent(DataSource.class)) {
                DataSource data = m
                        .getAnnotation(DataSource.class);
                DynamicDataSourceHolder.putDataSource(data.value());
                System.out.println(data.value());
            }
            
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // TODO: handle exception
        }
    }
}

 


複製代碼
public class DataSourceAspect {

    public void before(JoinPoint point)
    {
        Object target = point.getTarget();
        String method = point.getSignature().getName();

        Class<?>[] classz = target.getClass().getInterfaces();

        Class<?>[] parameterTypes = ((MethodSignature) point.getSignature())
                .getMethod().getParameterTypes();
        try {
            Method m = classz[0].getMethod(method, parameterTypes);
            if (m != null && m.isAnnotationPresent(DataSource.class)) {
                DataSource data = m
                        .getAnnotation(DataSource.class);
                DynamicDataSourceHolder.putDataSource(data.value());
                System.out.println(data.value());
            }
            
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // TODO: handle exception
        }
    }
}
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    爲了方便測試,我定義了2個數據庫,shop模擬Master庫,test模擬Slave庫,shop和test的表結構一致,但數據不一樣,數據庫配置以下:

<bean id="masterdataSource"
        class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/shop" />
        <property name="username" value="root" />
        <property name="password" value="yangyanping0615" />
    </bean>

    <bean id="slavedataSource"
        class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/test" />
        <property name="username" value="root" />
        <property name="password" value="yangyanping0615" />
    </bean>
    
        <beans:bean id="dataSource" class="com.air.shop.common.db.DynamicDataSource">
        <property name="targetDataSources">  
              <map key-type="java.lang.String">  
                  <!-- write -->
                 <entry key="master" value-ref="masterdataSource"/>  
                 <!-- read -->
                 <entry key="slave" value-ref="slavedataSource"/>  
              </map>  
              
        </property>  
        <property name="defaultTargetDataSource" ref="masterdataSource"/>  
    </beans:bean>

    <bean id="transactionManager"
        class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
    </bean>


    <!-- 配置SqlSessionFactoryBean -->
    <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:config/mybatis-config.xml" />
    </bean>

 


複製代碼
<bean id="masterdataSource"
        class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/shop" />
        <property name="username" value="root" />
        <property name="password" value="yangyanping0615" />
    </bean>

    <bean id="slavedataSource"
        class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/test" />
        <property name="username" value="root" />
        <property name="password" value="yangyanping0615" />
    </bean>
    
        <beans:bean id="dataSource" class="com.air.shop.common.db.DynamicDataSource">
        <property name="targetDataSources">  
              <map key-type="java.lang.String">  
                  <!-- write -->
                 <entry key="master" value-ref="masterdataSource"/>  
                 <!-- read -->
                 <entry key="slave" value-ref="slavedataSource"/>  
              </map>  
              
        </property>  
        <property name="defaultTargetDataSource" ref="masterdataSource"/>  
    </beans:bean>

    <bean id="transactionManager"
        class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
    </bean>


    <!-- 配置SqlSessionFactoryBean -->
    <bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
        <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:config/mybatis-config.xml" />
    </bean>
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  在spring的配置中增長aop配置

<!-- 配置數據庫註解aop -->
    <aop:aspectj-autoproxy></aop:aspectj-autoproxy>
    <beans:bean id="manyDataSourceAspect" class="com.air.shop.proxy.DataSourceAspect" />
    <aop:config>
        <aop:aspect id="c" ref="manyDataSourceAspect">
            <aop:pointcut id="tx" expression="execution(* com.air.shop.mapper.*.*(..))"/>
            <aop:before pointcut-ref="tx" method="before"/>
        </aop:aspect>
    </aop:config>
    <!-- 配置數據庫註解aop -->

 


複製代碼
<!-- 配置數據庫註解aop -->
    <aop:aspectj-autoproxy></aop:aspectj-autoproxy>
    <beans:bean id="manyDataSourceAspect" class="com.air.shop.proxy.DataSourceAspect" />
    <aop:config>
        <aop:aspect id="c" ref="manyDataSourceAspect">
            <aop:pointcut id="tx" expression="execution(* com.air.shop.mapper.*.*(..))"/>
            <aop:before pointcut-ref="tx" method="before"/>
        </aop:aspect>
    </aop:config>
    <!-- 配置數據庫註解aop -->
複製代碼

 

   下面是MyBatis的UserMapper的定義,爲了方便測試,登陸讀取的是Master庫,用戶列表讀取Slave庫:

public interface UserMapper {
    @DataSource("master")
    public void add(User user);

    @DataSource("master")
    public void update(User user);

    @DataSource("master")
    public void delete(int id);

    @DataSource("slave")
    public User loadbyid(int id);

    @DataSource("master")
    public User loadbyname(String name);
    
    @DataSource("slave")
    public List<User> list();
}

 


複製代碼
public interface UserMapper {
    @DataSource("master")
    public void add(User user);

    @DataSource("master")
    public void update(User user);

    @DataSource("master")
    public void delete(int id);

    @DataSource("slave")
    public User loadbyid(int id);

    @DataSource("master")
    public User loadbyname(String name);
    
    @DataSource("slave")
    public List<User> list();
}
複製代碼

 

   好了,運行咱們的Eclipse看看效果,輸入用戶名admin 登陸看看效果

  

  

   從圖中能夠看出,登陸的用戶和用戶列表的數據是不一樣的,也驗證了咱們的實現,登陸讀取Master庫,用戶列表讀取Slave庫。

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