python+selenium+requests爬取個人博客粉絲的名稱

爬取目標

1.本次代碼是在python2上運行經過的，python3的最需改2行代碼，用到其它python模塊

• selenium 2.53.6 +firefox 44
• BeautifulSoup
• requests

2.爬取目標網站，個人博客：https://home.cnblogs.com/u/yoyoketang
爬取內容：爬個人博客的全部粉絲的名稱，並保存到txt

3.因爲博客園的登陸是須要人機驗證的，因此是沒法直接用帳號密碼登陸，需藉助selenium登陸

selenium獲取cookies

1.大前提：先手工操做瀏覽器，登陸個人博客，並記住密碼
（保證關掉瀏覽器後，下次打開瀏覽器訪問個人博客時候是登陸狀態）
2.selenium默認啓動瀏覽器是一個空的配置，默認不加載配置緩存文件，這裏先得找到對應瀏覽器的配置文件地址，以火狐瀏覽器爲例
3.使用driver.get_cookies()方法獲取瀏覽器的cookies

# coding:utf-8
import requests
from selenium import webdriver
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import re
import time
# firefox瀏覽器配置文件地址
profile_directory = r'C:\Users\admin\AppData\Roaming\Mozilla\Firefox\Profiles\yn80ouvt.default'
# 加載配置
profile = webdriver.FirefoxProfile(profile_directory)
# 啓動瀏覽器配置
driver = webdriver.Firefox(profile)

driver.get("https://home.cnblogs.com/u/yoyoketang/followers/")

time.sleep(3)
cookies = driver.get_cookies()  # 獲取瀏覽器cookies
print(cookies)
driver.quit()

（注：要是這裏腳本啓動瀏覽器後，打開的博客頁面是未登陸的，後面內容都不用看了，先檢查配置文件是否是寫錯了）

requests添加登陸的cookies

1.瀏覽器的cookies獲取到後，接下來用requests去建一個session，在session裏添加登陸成功後的cookies

s = requests.session()  # 新建session

# 添加cookies到CookieJar
c = requests.cookies.RequestsCookieJar()
for i in cookies:
    c.set(i["name"], i['value'])

s.cookies.update(c)  # 更新session裏cookies

計算粉絲數和分頁總數

1.因爲個人粉絲的數據是分頁展現的，這裏一次只能請求到45個，因此先獲取粉絲總數，而後計算出總的頁數

# 發請求
r1 = s.get("https://home.cnblogs.com/u/yoyoketang/relation/followers")

soup = BeautifulSoup(r1.content, "html.parser")

# 抓取個人粉絲數
fensinub = soup.find_all(class_="current_nav")
print fensinub[0].string
num = re.findall(u"個人粉絲\((.+?)\)", fensinub[0].string)
print u"個人粉絲數量：%s"%str(num[0])

# 計算有多少頁，每頁45條
ye = int(int(num[0])/45)+1
print u"總共分頁數：%s"%str(ye)

保存粉絲名到txt

# 抓取第一頁的數據
fensi = soup.find_all(class_="avatar_name")
for i in fensi:
    name = i.string.replace("\n", "").replace(" ","")
    print name
    with open("name.txt", "a") as f:  # 追加寫入
        f.write(name.encode("utf-8")+"\n")

# 抓第二頁後的數據
for i in range(2, ye+1):
    r2 = s.get("https://home.cnblogs.com/u/yoyoketang/relation/followers?page=%s"%str(i))
    soup = BeautifulSoup(r1.content, "html.parser")
    # 抓取個人粉絲數
    fensi = soup.find_all(class_="avatar_name")

    for i in fensi:
        name = i.string.replace("\n", "").replace(" ","")
        print name
        with open("name.txt", "a") as f:  # 追加寫入
            f.write(name.encode("utf-8")+"\n")

參考代碼：

# coding:utf-8
import requests
from selenium import webdriver
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import re
import time

# firefox瀏覽器配置文件地址
profile_directory = r'C:\Users\admin\AppData\Roaming\Mozilla\Firefox\Profiles\yn80ouvt.default'

s = requests.session()  # 新建session
url = "https://home.cnblogs.com/u/yoyoketang"

def get_cookies(url):
    '''啓動selenium獲取登陸的cookies'''
    try:
        # 加載配置
        profile = webdriver.FirefoxProfile(profile_directory)
        # 啓動瀏覽器配置
        driver = webdriver.Firefox(profile)
        driver.get(url+"/followers")

        time.sleep(3)
        cookies = driver.get_cookies()  # 獲取瀏覽器cookies
        print(cookies)
        driver.quit()
        return cookies
    except Exception as msg:
        print(u"啓動瀏覽器報錯了：%s" %str(msg))
def add_cookies(cookies):
    '''往session添加cookies'''
    try:
        # 添加cookies到CookieJar
        c = requests.cookies.RequestsCookieJar()
        for i in cookies:
            c.set(i["name"], i['value'])

        s.cookies.update(c)  # 更新session裏cookies
    except Exception as msg:
        print(u"添加cookies的時候報錯了：%s" % str(msg))

def get_ye_nub(url):
    '''獲取粉絲的頁面數量'''
    try:
        # 發請求
        r1 = s.get(url+"/relation/followers")
        soup = BeautifulSoup(r1.content, "html.parser")
        # 抓取個人粉絲數
        fensinub = soup.find_all(class_="current_nav")
        print(fensinub[0].string)
        num = re.findall(u"個人粉絲\((.+?)\)", fensinub[0].string)
        print(u"個人粉絲數量：%s"%str(num[0]))

        # 計算有多少頁，每頁45條
        ye = int(int(num[0])/45)+1
        print(u"總共分頁數：%s"%str(ye))
        return ye
    except Exception as msg:
        print(u"獲取粉絲頁數報錯了，默認返回數量1 ：%s"%str(msg))
        return 1

def save_name(nub):
    '''抓取頁面的粉絲名稱'''
    try:
        # 抓取第一頁的數據
        if nub <= 1:
            url_page = url+"/relation/followers"
        else:
            url_page = url+"/relation/followers?page=%s" % str(nub)
        print(u"正在抓取的頁面：%s" %url_page)
        r2 = s.get(url_page, verify=False)
        soup = BeautifulSoup(r2.content, "html.parser")
        fensi = soup.find_all(class_="avatar_name")
        for i in fensi:
            name = i.string.replace("\n", "").replace(" ","")
            print(name)
            with open("name.txt", "a") as f:  # 追加寫入
                f.write(name.encode("utf-8")+"\n")

            # python3的改爲下面這兩行
            # with open("name.txt", "a", encoding="utf-8") as f:  # 追加寫入
            #     f.write(name+"\n")
    
 
    except Exception as msg:
        print(u"抓取粉絲名稱過程當中報錯了 ：%s"%str(msg))

if __name__ == "__main__":
    cookies = get_cookies(url)
    add_cookies(cookies)
    n = get_ye_nub(url)
    for i in list(range(1, n+1)):
        save_name(i)

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