201771010124 王海珍 《面向對象設計 java》第十五週實驗總結
第一部分 理論部分java
◼ JAR文件◼ 應用程序首選項存儲◼ Java Web Startnode
JAR文件：git
1.Java程序的打包：程序編譯完成後，程序員將.class文件壓縮打包爲.jar文件後，GUI界面程序就能夠直接雙擊圖標運行。程序員
2.jar文件（Java歸檔）既能夠包含類文件，也可包含諸如圖像和聲音這些其它類型的文件。web
3.JAR文件是壓縮的，它使用ZIP壓縮格式。編程
jar命令 1 jar命令格式： jar {ctxui} [vfm0Me] [jar-file] [manifest-file] [entry-point] [-C dir] files ... 2 Jar命令選項（教材581頁表13-1）： – -c 建立一個新的或者空的存檔文件並加入文件。 – -C 暫時改變到指定的目錄 – -e 在清單文件中建立一個條目 – -f 將JAR文件名指定爲第二個命令行參數 – -i 爲指定的JAR文件產生索引信息 – -m 將一個清單文件（manifest）添加到JAR文件中 – -M 不產生全部項的清單文件（manifest） – -t 列出存檔內容的列表 – -u 更新已存在的JAR文件 – -v 生成詳細的輸出結果 – -x 解壓存檔中的命名的（或全部的〕文件 – -0 只存儲方式，不用ZIP壓縮格式服務器
(1) 建立JAR文件 jar cf jar-file input-file(s) c---want to Create a JAR file. eg: 1) jar cf MenuTest.jar *.class *.gif f---want the output to go to a file rather than to stdout. 2) jar cvf MenuTest.jar *.class *.gif v---Produces verbose output to stdout. 3) jar cvf MenuTest.jar * *---create all contents in current directory. 4) jar cv0f MenuTest.jar * 0---don't want the JAR file to be compressed.app
(2) 查看JAR文件 jar tf jar-file t---want to view the Table of contents of the JAR file. eg: 1) jar tvf MenuTest.jar v---Produces verbose output to stdout.dom
(3) 提取JAR文件 jar xf jar-file [archived-file(s)] x---want to extract files from the JAR archive. eg: 1) jar xf MenuTest.jar copy.gif(僅提取文件copy.gif) 2) jar xf MenuTest.jar alex/copy.gif(僅提取目錄alex下的 文件copy.gif) 3) jar xf MenuTest.jar(提取該JAR中的全部文件或目錄)ide
(4) 更新JAR文件 jar uf jar-file input-file(s) u---want to update an existing JAR file. eg: 1) jar uf MenuTest.jar copy.gif (5) 索引JAR文件 jar i jar-file i---index an existing JAR file. eg: 1) jar i MenuTest.jar
清單文件
⚫ 每一個JAR文件中包含一個用於描述歸檔特徵的清單文件(manifest)。清單文件被命名爲MANIFEST.MF，它位於JAR文件的一個特殊的META-INF子目錄中。
⚫ 最小的符合標準的清單文件是很簡單的：Manifest-Version：1.0複雜的清單文件包含多個條目，這些條目被分紅多個節。第一節被稱爲主節，做用於整個JAR文件。隨後的條目用來指定已命名條目的屬性，能夠是文件、包或者URL。
⚫ 清單文件的節與節之間用空行分開，最後一行必須以換行符結束。不然，清單文件將沒法被正確地讀取。
– 建立一個包含清單的JAR文件，應該運行：
jar cfm MyArchive.jar manifest.mf com/*.class
– 要更新一個已有JAR文件的清單，則須要將增長的部分
放置到一個文本文件中，運行以下命令：
jar ufm MyArchive.jar manifest-additions.mf
運行JAR文件
⚫ 用戶能夠經過下面的命令來啓動應用程序：
java –jar MyProgram.jar
⚫ 窗口操做系統，可經過雙擊JAR文件圖標來啓動應用程序。
資源
⚫ Java中，應用程序使用的類一般須要一些相關的數據文件，這些文件稱爲資源(Resource)。
–圖像和聲音文件。
–帶有消息字符串和按鈕標籤的文本文件。
–二進制數據文件，如：描述地圖佈局的文件。
⚫ 類加載器知道如何搜索類文件，直到在類路徑、存檔文件或Web服務器上找到爲止。
⚫ 利用資源機制對於非類文件也能夠進行一樣操做，具體步驟以下：
– 得到資源的Class對象。
– 若是資源是一個圖像或聲音文件，那麼就須要調用getresource(filename)得到資源的URL位置，而後利用getImage或getAudioClip方法進行讀取。
– 若是資源是文本或二進制文件，那麼就能夠使用getResouceAsStream方法讀取文件中的數據。
⚫ 資源文件能夠與類文件放在同一個目錄中，也能夠將資源文件放在其它子目錄中。具體有如下兩種方式：
–相對資源名：如data/text/about.txt它會被解釋爲相對於加載這個資源的類所在的包。
–絕對資源名：如/corejava/title.txt ⚫ ResourceTest.java程序演示了資源加載的過程。 ⚫ 編譯、建立JAR文件和執行這個程序的命令以下： – javac ResourceTest.java – jar cvfm ResourceTest.jar ResourceTest.mf *.class *.gif *.txt – java –jar ResourceTest.jar
一、實驗目的與要求
(1) 掌握Java應用程序的打包操做；
(2) 瞭解應用程序存儲配置信息的兩種方法；
(3) 掌握基於JNLP協議的java Web Start應用程序的發佈方法；
(5) 掌握Java GUI 編程技術。
1、實驗目的與要求
(1) 掌握Java應用程序的打包操做；
(2) 瞭解應用程序存儲配置信息的兩種方法；
(3) 掌握基於JNLP協議的java Web Start應用程序的發佈方法；
(5) 掌握Java GUI 編程技術。
2、實驗內容和步驟
實驗1： 導入第13章示例程序，測試程序並進行代碼註釋。
測試程序1
l 在elipse IDE中調試運行教材585頁程序13-1，結合程序運行結果理解程序；
l 將所生成的JAR文件移到另一個不一樣的目錄中，再運行該歸檔文件，以便確認程序是從JAR文件中，而不是從當前目錄中讀取的資源。
l 掌握建立JAR文件的方法；
package resource;
import java.awt.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.util.*;
import javax.swing.*;
/**
* @version 1.41 2015-06-12
* @author Cay Horstmann
*/
public class ResourceTest
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
JFrame frame = new ResourceTestFrame();
frame.setTitle("ResourceTest");
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setVisible(true);
});
}
}
/**
* A frame that loads image and text resources.
*/
class ResourceTestFrame extends JFrame
{
private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 300;
public ResourceTestFrame()
{
setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT);
URL aboutURL = getClass().getResource("about.gif");
Image img = new ImageIcon(aboutURL).getImage();
setIconImage(img);
JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea();
InputStream stream = getClass().getResourceAsStream("about.txt");
try (Scanner in = new Scanner(stream, "UTF-8"))
{
while (in.hasNext())
textArea.append(in.nextLine() + "\n");
}
add(textArea);
}
}
測試程序2
l 在elipse IDE中調試運行教材583頁-584程序13-2，結合程序運行結果理解程序；
l 瞭解Properties類中經常使用的方法；
package properties;
import java.awt.EventQueue;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.Properties;
import javax.swing.*;
/**
* A program to test properties. The program remembers the frame position, size,
* and title.
* @version 1.01 2015-06-16
* @author Cay Horstmann
*/
public class PropertiesTest
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
PropertiesFrame frame = new PropertiesFrame();
frame.setVisible(true);
});
}
}
/**
* A frame that restores position and size from a properties file and updates
* the properties upon exit.
*/
class PropertiesFrame extends JFrame
{
private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200;
private File propertiesFile;
private Properties settings;
public PropertiesFrame()
{
// get position, size, title from properties
String userDir = System.getProperty("user.home");
File propertiesDir = new File(userDir, ".corejava");
if (!propertiesDir.exists()) propertiesDir.mkdir();
propertiesFile = new File(propertiesDir, "program.properties");
Properties defaultSettings = new Properties();
defaultSettings.setProperty("left", "0");
defaultSettings.setProperty("top", "0");
defaultSettings.setProperty("width", "" + DEFAULT_WIDTH);
defaultSettings.setProperty("height", "" + DEFAULT_HEIGHT);
defaultSettings.setProperty("title", "");
settings = new Properties(defaultSettings);
if (propertiesFile.exists())
try (InputStream in = new FileInputStream(propertiesFile))
{
settings.load(in);
}
catch (IOException ex)
{
ex.printStackTrace();
}
int left = Integer.parseInt(settings.getProperty("left"));
int top = Integer.parseInt(settings.getProperty("top"));
int width = Integer.parseInt(settings.getProperty("width"));
int height = Integer.parseInt(settings.getProperty("height"));
setBounds(left, top, width, height);
// if no title given, ask user
String title = settings.getProperty("title");
if (title.equals(""))
title = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Please supply a frame title:");
if (title == null) title = "";
setTitle(title);
addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter()
{
public void windowClosing(WindowEvent event)
{
settings.setProperty("left", "" + getX());
settings.setProperty("top", "" + getY());
settings.setProperty("width", "" + getWidth());
settings.setProperty("height", "" + getHeight());
settings.setProperty("title", getTitle());
try (OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(propertiesFile))
{
settings.store(out, "Program Properties");
}
catch (IOException ex)
{
ex.printStackTrace();
}
System.exit(0);
}
});
}
}
測試程序3
l 在elipse IDE中調試運行教材593頁-594程序13-3，結合程序運行結果理解程序；
l 瞭解Preferences類中經常使用的方法；
package preferences;
import java.awt.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.prefs.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.filechooser.*;
/**
* A program to test preference settings. The program remembers the frame
* position, size, and title.
* @version 1.03 2015-06-12
* @author Cay Horstmann
*/
public class PreferencesTest
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
PreferencesFrame frame = new PreferencesFrame();
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setVisible(true);
});
}
}
/**
* A frame that restores position and size from user preferences and updates the
* preferences upon exit.
*/
class PreferencesFrame extends JFrame
{
private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200;
private Preferences root = Preferences.userRoot();
private Preferences node = root.node("/com/horstmann/corejava");
public PreferencesFrame()
{
// get position, size, title from preferences
int left = node.getInt("left", 0);
int top = node.getInt("top", 0);
int width = node.getInt("width", DEFAULT_WIDTH);
int height = node.getInt("height", DEFAULT_HEIGHT);
setBounds(left, top, width, height);
// if no title given, ask user
String title = node.get("title", "");
if (title.equals(""))
title = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Please supply a frame title:");
if (title == null) title = "";
setTitle(title);
// 設置顯示XML文件的文件選擇器
final JFileChooser chooser = new JFileChooser();
chooser.setCurrentDirectory(new File("."));
chooser.setFileFilter(new FileNameExtensionFilter("XML files", "xml"));
// 設置菜單
JMenuBar menuBar = new JMenuBar();
setJMenuBar(menuBar);
JMenu menu = new JMenu("File");
menuBar.add(menu);
JMenuItem exportItem = new JMenuItem("Export preferences");
menu.add(exportItem);
exportItem
.addActionListener(event -> {
if (chooser.showSaveDialog(PreferencesFrame.this) == JFileChooser.APPROVE_OPTION)
{
try
{
savePreferences();
OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(chooser
.getSelectedFile());
node.exportSubtree(out);
out.close();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
JMenuItem importItem = new JMenuItem("Import preferences");
menu.add(importItem);
importItem
.addActionListener(event -> {
if (chooser.showOpenDialog(PreferencesFrame.this) == JFileChooser.APPROVE_OPTION)
{
try
{
InputStream in = new FileInputStream(chooser
.getSelectedFile());
Preferences.importPreferences(in);
in.close();
}
catch (Exception e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
JMenuItem exitItem = new JMenuItem("Exit");
menu.add(exitItem);
exitItem.addActionListener(event -> {
savePreferences();
System.exit(0);
});
}
public void savePreferences()
{
node.putInt("left", getX());
node.putInt("top", getY());
node.putInt("width", getWidth());
node.putInt("height", getHeight());
node.put("title", getTitle());
}
}
測試結果以下所示
測試程序4
l 在elipse IDE中調試運行教材619頁-622程序13-6，結合程序運行結果理解程序；
l 掌握基於JNLP協議的java Web Start應用程序的發佈方法
package webstart;
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
/**
* A calculator with a calculation history that can be deployed as a Java Web Start application.
* @version 1.04 2015-06-12
* @author Cay Horstmann
*/
public class Calculator
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
CalculatorFrame frame = new CalculatorFrame();
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setVisible(true);
});
}
}
package webstart;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import javax.jnlp.BasicService;
import javax.jnlp.FileContents;
import javax.jnlp.FileOpenService;
import javax.jnlp.FileSaveService;
import javax.jnlp.PersistenceService;
import javax.jnlp.ServiceManager;
import javax.jnlp.UnavailableServiceException;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JMenu;
import javax.swing.JMenuBar;
import javax.swing.JMenuItem;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
/**
* A frame with a calculator panel and a menu to load and save the calculator history.
*/
public class CalculatorFrame extends JFrame
{
private CalculatorPanel panel;
public CalculatorFrame()
{
setTitle();
panel = new CalculatorPanel();
add(panel);
JMenu fileMenu = new JMenu("File");
JMenuBar menuBar = new JMenuBar();
menuBar.add(fileMenu);
setJMenuBar(menuBar);
JMenuItem openItem = fileMenu.add("Open");
openItem.addActionListener(event -> open());
JMenuItem saveItem = fileMenu.add("Save");
saveItem.addActionListener(event -> save());
pack();
}
/**
* Gets the title from the persistent store or asks the user for the title if there is no prior
* entry.
*/
public void setTitle()
{
try
{
String title = null;
BasicService basic = (BasicService) ServiceManager.lookup("javax.jnlp.BasicService");
URL codeBase = basic.getCodeBase();
PersistenceService service = (PersistenceService) ServiceManager
.lookup("javax.jnlp.PersistenceService");
URL key = new URL(codeBase, "title");
try
{
FileContents contents = service.get(key);
InputStream in = contents.getInputStream();
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
title = reader.readLine();
}
catch (FileNotFoundException e)
{
title = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Please supply a frame title:");
if (title == null) return;
service.create(key, 100);
FileContents contents = service.get(key);
OutputStream out = contents.getOutputStream(true);
PrintStream printOut = new PrintStream(out);
printOut.print(title);
}
setTitle(title);
}
catch (UnavailableServiceException | IOException e)
{
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, e);
}
}
/**
* Opens a history file and updates the display.
*/
public void open()
{
try
{
FileOpenService service = (FileOpenService) ServiceManager
.lookup("javax.jnlp.FileOpenService");
FileContents contents = service.openFileDialog(".", new String[] { "txt" });
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, contents.getName());
if (contents != null)
{
InputStream in = contents.getInputStream();
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in));
String line;
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null)
{
panel.append(line);
panel.append("\n");
}
}
}
catch (UnavailableServiceException e)
{
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, e);
}
catch (IOException e)
{
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, e);
}
}
/**
* Saves the calculator history to a file.
*/
public void save()
{
try
{
ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
PrintStream printOut = new PrintStream(out);
printOut.print(panel.getText());
InputStream data = new ByteArrayInputStream(out.toByteArray());
FileSaveService service = (FileSaveService) ServiceManager
.lookup("javax.jnlp.FileSaveService");
service.saveFileDialog(".", new String[] { "txt" }, data, "calc.txt");
}
catch (UnavailableServiceException e)
{
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, e);
}
catch (IOException e)
{
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, e);
}
}
}
package webstart;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.text.*;
/**
A panel with calculator buttons and a result display.
*/
public class CalculatorPanel extends JPanel
{
private JTextArea display;
private JPanel panel;
private double result;
private String lastCommand;
private boolean start;
/**
Lays out the panel.
*/
public CalculatorPanel()
{
setLayout(new BorderLayout());
result = 0;
lastCommand = "=";
start = true;
// add the display
display = new JTextArea(10, 20);
add(new JScrollPane(display), BorderLayout.NORTH);
ActionListener insert = new InsertAction();
ActionListener command = new CommandAction();
// add the buttons in a 4 x 4 grid
panel = new JPanel();
panel.setLayout(new GridLayout(4, 4));
addButton("7", insert);
addButton("8", insert);
addButton("9", insert);
addButton("/", command);
addButton("4", insert);
addButton("5", insert);
addButton("6", insert);
addButton("*", command);
addButton("1", insert);
addButton("2", insert);
addButton("3", insert);
addButton("-", command);
addButton("0", insert);
addButton(".", insert);
addButton("=", command);
addButton("+", command);
add(panel, BorderLayout.CENTER);
}
/**
Gets the history text.
@return the calculator history
*/
public String getText()
{
return display.getText();
}
/**
Appends a string to the history text.
@param s the string to append
*/
public void append(String s)
{
display.append(s);
}
/**
Adds a button to the center panel.
@param label the button label
@param listener the button listener
*/
private void addButton(String label, ActionListener listener)
{
JButton button = new JButton(label);
button.addActionListener(listener);
panel.add(button);
}
/**
This action inserts the button action string to the
end of the display text.
*/
private class InsertAction implements ActionListener
{
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
{
String input = event.getActionCommand();
start = false;
display.append(input);
}
}
/**
This action executes the command that the button
action string denotes.
*/
private class CommandAction implements ActionListener
{
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
{
String command = event.getActionCommand();
if (start)
{
if (command.equals("-"))
{
display.append(command);
start = false;
}
else
lastCommand = command;
}
else
{
try
{
int lines = display.getLineCount();
int lineStart = display.getLineStartOffset(lines - 1);
int lineEnd = display.getLineEndOffset(lines - 1);
String value = display.getText(lineStart, lineEnd - lineStart);
display.append(" ");
display.append(command);
calculate(Double.parseDouble(value));
if (command.equals("="))
display.append("\n" + result);
lastCommand = command;
display.append("\n");
start = true;
}
catch (BadLocationException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
/**
Carries out the pending calculation.
@param x the value to be accumulated with the prior result.
*/
public void calculate(double x)
{
if (lastCommand.equals("+")) result += x;
else if (lastCommand.equals("-")) result -= x;
else if (lastCommand.equals("*")) result *= x;
else if (lastCommand.equals("/")) result /= x;
else if (lastCommand.equals("=")) result = x;
}
}
代碼出現錯誤
實驗2：GUI綜合編程練習
按實驗十四分組名單，組內討論完成如下編程任務：
練習1：採用GUI界面設計如下程序，並進行部署與發佈：
l 編制一個程序，將身份證號.txt 中的信息讀入到內存中；
l 按姓名字典序輸出人員信息；
l 查詢最大年齡的人員信息；
l 查詢最小年齡人員信息；
l 輸入你的年齡，查詢身份證號.txt中年齡與你最近人的姓名、身份證號、年齡、性別和出生地；
l 查詢人員中是否有你的同鄉。
l 輸入身份證信息，查詢所提供身份證號的人員信息，要求輸入一個身份證數字時，查詢界面就顯示知足查詢條件的查詢結果，且隨着輸入的數字的增多，查詢匹配的範圍逐漸縮小。
package demo1; import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; public class ButtonTest { public static void main(String[] args) { EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> { JFrame frame = new Main(); frame.setTitle("身份證"); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frame.setVisible(true); }); } }
package demo1; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileInputStream; import java.io.InputStreamReader; import java.io.FileNotFoundException; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.Arrays; import java.util.Collections; import java.util.Scanner; import java.awt.*; import javax.swing.*; import java.awt.event.*; public class Main extends JFrame { private static ArrayList<Student> studentlist; private static ArrayList<Student> list; private JPanel panel; private JPanel buttonPanel; private static final int DEFAULT_WITH = 600; private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 300; public Main() { studentlist = new ArrayList<>(); Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in); File file = new File("C:\\Users\\ASUS\\Desktop\\身份證號.txt"); try { FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file); BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(fis)); String temp = null; while ((temp = in.readLine()) != null) { Scanner linescanner = new Scanner(temp); linescanner.useDelimiter(" "); String name = linescanner.next(); String number = linescanner.next(); String sex = linescanner.next(); String age = linescanner.next(); String province = linescanner.nextLine(); Student student = new Student(); student.setName(name); student.setnumber(number); student.setsex(sex); int a = Integer.parseInt(age); student.setage(a); student.setprovince(province); studentlist.add(student); } } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { System.out.println("學生信息文件找不到"); e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println("學生信息文件讀取錯誤"); e.printStackTrace(); } panel = new JPanel(); panel.setLayout(new BorderLayout()); JTextArea jt = new JTextArea(); panel.add(jt); add(panel, BorderLayout.NORTH); buttonPanel = new JPanel(); buttonPanel.setLayout(new GridLayout(1, 7)); JButton jButton = new JButton("字典排序"); JButton jButton1 = new JButton("年齡最大和年齡最小"); JLabel lab = new JLabel("猜猜你的老鄉"); JTextField jt1 = new JTextField(); JLabel lab1 = new JLabel("找找同齡人（年齡相近）："); JTextField jt2 = new JTextField(); JLabel lab2 = new JLabel("輸入你的身份證號碼："); JTextField jt3 = new JTextField(); JButton jButton2 = new JButton("退出"); jButton.setBounds(110, 90, 60, 30); jButton1.setBounds(110, 90, 60, 30); jt1.setBounds(110, 90, 60, 30); jt2.setBounds(110, 90, 60, 30); jt3.setBounds(110, 90, 60, 30); jButton2.setBounds(110, 90, 60, 30); jButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { Collections.sort(studentlist); jt.setText(studentlist.toString()); } }); jButton1.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { int max = 0, min = 100; int j, k1 = 0, k2 = 0; for (int i = 1; i < studentlist.size(); i++) { j = studentlist.get(i).getage(); if (j > max) { max = j; k1 = i; } if (j < min) { min = j; k2 = i; } } jt.setText("年齡最大：" + studentlist.get(k1) + "年齡最小：" + studentlist.get(k2)); } }); jButton2.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { dispose(); System.exit(0); } }); jt1.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { String find = jt1.getText(); String text=""; String place = find.substring(0, 3); for (int i = 0; i < studentlist.size(); i++) { if (studentlist.get(i).getprovince().substring(1, 4).equals(place)) { text+="\n"+studentlist.get(i); jt.setText("老鄉：" + text); } } } }); jt2.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { String yourage = jt2.getText(); int a = Integer.parseInt(yourage); int near = agenear(a); int value = a - studentlist.get(near).getage(); jt.setText("年齡相近：" + studentlist.get(near)); } }); jt3.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { list = new ArrayList<>(); Collections.sort(studentlist); String key = jt3.getText(); for (int i = 1; i < studentlist.size(); i++) { if (studentlist.get(i).getnumber().contains(key)) { list.add(studentlist.get(i)); jt.setText("emmm！你多是：\n" + list); //System.out.println("可能的人：" + studentlist.get(i)); //jt.setText("可能的人：" + studentlist.get(i)); } } } }); buttonPanel.add(jButton); buttonPanel.add(jButton1); buttonPanel.add(lab); buttonPanel.add(jt1); buttonPanel.add(lab1); buttonPanel.add(jt2); buttonPanel.add(lab2); buttonPanel.add(jt3); buttonPanel.add(jButton2); add(buttonPanel, BorderLayout.SOUTH); setSize(DEFAULT_WITH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT); } public static int agenear(int age) { int min = 53, value = 0, k = 0; for (int i = 0; i < studentlist.size(); i++) { value = studentlist.get(i).getage() - age; if (value < 0) value = -value; if (value < min) { min = value; k = i; } } return k; } }
package demo1; public class Student implements Comparable<Student> { private String name; private String number ; private String sex ; private int age; private String province; public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getnumber() { return number; } public void setnumber(String number) { this.number = number; } public String getsex() { return sex ; } public void setsex(String sex ) { this.sex =sex ; } public int getage() { return age; } public void setage(int age) { // int a = Integer.parseInt(age); this.age= age; } public String getprovince() { return province; } public void setprovince(String province) { this.province=province ; } public int compareTo(Student o) { return this.name.compareTo(o.getName()); } public String toString() { return name+"\t"+sex+"\t"+age+"\t"+number+"\t"+province+"\n"; } }
運行結果：
字典排序：
1.查詢最大年齡的人員信息；
2.查詢最小年齡人員信息；
找老鄉：
年齡相近的人：
輸入身份證信息，查詢所提供身份證號的人員信息，要求輸入一個身份證數字時，查詢界面就顯示知足查詢條件的查詢結果，且隨着輸入的數字的增多，查詢匹配的範圍逐漸縮小。
輸入數字2時：
輸入數字26時：
輸入數字265時：
練習2：採用GUI界面設計如下程序，並進行部署與發佈
l 編寫一個計算器類，能夠完成加、減、乘、除的操做
l 利用計算機類，設計一個小學生100之內數的四則運算練習程序，由計算機隨機產生10道加減乘除練習題，學生輸入答案，由程序檢查答案是否正確，每道題正確計10分，錯誤不計分，10道題測試結束後給出測試總分；
l 將程序中測試練習題及學生答題結果輸出到文件，文件名爲test.txt。
package ui_test; import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.ActionEvent; import java.awt.event.ActionListener; import java.io.BufferedOutputStream; import java.io.File; import java.io.FileOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.util.ArrayList; import javax.swing.*; public class MyExGUI extends JFrame { ArrayList<String> user_zongti = new ArrayList<String>(); ArrayList<String> user_zonganswer = new ArrayList<String>(); ArrayList<String> user_answer = new ArrayList<String>(); ArrayList<String> true_answer = new ArrayList<String>(); ArrayList<String> jta_timu = new ArrayList<String>(); ArrayList<String> jta_zong = new ArrayList<String>(); ArrayList<Integer> user_fenshu = new ArrayList<Integer>(); JMenuBar jm; // 菜單條組件 JMenu menu;// 菜單 JMenuItem item1, item2;// 菜單項 JMenu build; // 二級菜單 JMenuItem file, project; TextArea answer_all = new TextArea(); TextField jta = new TextField(); TextField jta_answer = new TextField(); JLabel num_answer = new JLabel(); JLabel answer; JToolBar jtb;// 工具條 JButton jb1, jb2, jb3, jb4, jb5, jb6, jb7, jb_next; int answer_count; int answer_fenshu; public MyExGUI() { // 建立菜單 jm = new JMenuBar(); menu = new JMenu("文件(F)"); menu.setMnemonic('f'); // 助記符 build = new JMenu("新建"); file = new JMenuItem("文件"); project = new JMenuItem("答題"); item1 = new JMenuItem("保存(S)"); item2 = new JMenuItem("退出"); answer = new JLabel("第 1 題"); // 添加菜單項至菜單上 build.add(file); build.add(project); menu.add(build); menu.add(item1); menu.add(item2); menu.addSeparator(); // 將菜單加入至菜單欄 jm.add(menu); JPanel contentPanel = new JPanel(); contentPanel.setLayout(null); JLabel daan = new JLabel("答案"); JLabel dengyu = new JLabel("="); num_answer = answer; num_answer.setFont(new Font("宋體", Font.BOLD, 22)); jb_next = new JButton("下一題"); jta.setFont(new Font("宋體", Font.BOLD, 22)); jta_answer.setFont(new Font("宋體", Font.BOLD, 22)); jb_next.setFont(new Font("宋體", Font.BOLD, 22)); daan.setFont(new Font("宋體", Font.BOLD, 22)); dengyu.setFont(new Font("宋體", Font.BOLD, 22)); contentPanel.add(num_answer); contentPanel.add(daan); contentPanel.add(dengyu); contentPanel.add(jta); contentPanel.add(jta_answer); contentPanel.add(answer_all); contentPanel.add(jb_next); num_answer.setBounds(90, 20, 130, 50); daan.setBounds(250, 20, 90, 50); jta.setBounds(50, 70, 150, 30); dengyu.setBounds(205, 70, 20, 20); jta_answer.setBounds(230, 70, 100, 30); jb_next.setBounds(350, 70, 110, 30); answer_all.setBounds(50, 120, 400, 300); this.setJMenuBar(jm); // 添加菜單欄，不能設定位置，會自動放在最上部 this.add(contentPanel); this.setTitle("在線答題系統"); this.setSize(600, 500); this.setVisible(true); this.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); item1.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) { FileOutputStream outSTr = null; BufferedOutputStream Buff = null; boolean flag = true; File file; // String test ; do { // test = "test"+count; String inputValue = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Please input file name"); file = new File(inputValue + "test.txt"); if (!file.exists()) { // 建立文件 try { flag = file.createNewFile(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } flag = false; } else { JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "該文件名已存在，請從新輸入", "ERROR", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE); flag = true; } } while (flag); // 寫入文件 String u_answer; try { outSTr = new FileOutputStream(file); Buff = new BufferedOutputStream(outSTr); System.out.println("選擇是後執行的代碼" + user_zongti.size() + user_answer.size()); for (int i = 0; i < user_zongti.size(); i++) { try { Buff.write(user_zongti.get(i).getBytes()); Buff.write(" ".getBytes()); u_answer = user_answer.get(i); if (u_answer.equals("")) u_answer = "沒有做答"; Buff.write(u_answer.getBytes()); Buff.write("\r\n".getBytes()); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); i--; } } Buff.flush(); Buff.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } try { outSTr.close(); } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } user_zongti.clear(); user_answer.clear(); } }); project.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) { arithmetic art = new arithmetic(); true_answer = art.list_answer; jta_timu = art.list_timu; jta_zong = art.list; answer_count = 1; answer_all.setText(""); for (int i = 0; i < art.list_timu.size(); i++) { user_zongti.add(jta_zong.get(i)); answer_all.append(jta_timu.get(i)); answer_all.append("\r\n"); } num_answer.setText("第 " + answer_count + " 題"); jta.setText(jta_timu.get(answer_count - 1)); answer_count++; } }); jb_next.addActionListener(new ActionListener() { public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent arg0) { String temp; temp = jta_answer.getText(); if (jta.getText().equals("")) { JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "錯誤,請導入題庫", "錯誤", JOptionPane.ERROR_MESSAGE); return; } jta_answer.setText(""); if (answer_count <= 10) { if (isInteger(temp)) { user_answer.add(temp); System.out.println("選擇否後執行的代碼" + temp + "user_size" + user_answer.size()); num_answer.setText("第 " + answer_count + " 題"); jta.setText(jta_timu.get(answer_count - 1)); answer_count++; } else { JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(