nmap

nmap [Scan Type(s)] [Options] {target specification} nmap [掃描方式(s)] [選項] [掃描目標]

SCAN TECHNIQUES:掃描方式

-sS/sT/sA/sW/sM: TCP SYN/Connect()/ACK/Window/Maimon scans  #半鏈接掃描/全鏈接掃描(默認的方式)/..
  -sU: UDP Scan    #UDP端口掃描
  -sN/sF/sX: TCP Null, FIN, and Xmas scans 
  --scanflags <flags>: Customize TCP scan flags #自定義TCP標籤
  -sI <zombie host[:probeport]>: Idle scan  #空閒掃描
  -sY/sZ: SCTP INIT/COOKIE-ECHO scans
  -sO: IP protocol scan
  -b <FTP relay host>: FTP bounce scan

HOST DISCOVERY: 主機發現

-sL: List Scan - simply list targets to scan #反向域名解析，用於主機發現
  -sn: Ping Scan - disable port scan #ping掃描，不進行端口掃描
  -Pn: Treat all hosts as online -- skip host discovery #跳過主機存活探測階段
  -PS/PA/PU/PY[portlist]: TCP SYN/ACK, UDP or SCTP discovery to given ports #TCP syn/ack,udp/sctp探測指定端口 
  -PE/PP/PM: ICMP echo, timestamp, and netmask request discovery probes
  -PO[protocol list]: IP Protocol Ping
  -n/-R: Never do DNS resolution/Always resolve [default: sometimes] #不進行域名解析 / 都進行域名解析
  --dns-servers <serv1[,serv2],...>: Specify custom DNS servers
  --system-dns: Use OS's DNS resolver
  --traceroute: Trace hop path to each host

PORT SPECIFICATION AND SCAN ORDER:端口說明和掃描順序

-p <port ranges>: Only scan specified ports  #掃描指定的掃描,Ex: -p22; -p1-65535; -p U:53,111,137,T:21-25,80,139,8080,S:9
  --exclude-ports <port ranges>: Exclude the specified ports from scanning #排除端口
  -F: Fast mode - Scan fewer ports than the default scan #快速掃描有限的端口
  -r: Scan ports consecutively - don't randomize #不按隨機順序掃描端口
  --top-ports <number>: Scan <number> most common ports #掃描最多見的端口
  --port-ratio <ratio>: Scan ports more common than <ratio>

SERVICE/VERSION DETECTION: 版本檢測

-sV: Probe open ports to determine service/version info   #探測版本信息，(能夠用-A 探測操做系統和版本信息)
  --version-intensity <level>: Set from 0 (light) to 9 (try all probes)#設置版本掃描強度
  --version-light: Limit to most likely probes (intensity 2)#強度2的別名
  --version-all: Try every single probe (intensity 9)#強度9的別名
  --version-trace: Show detailed version scan activity (for debugging)  #顯示詳細的版本掃描信息

SCRIPT SCAN: 腳本掃描

-sC: equivalent to --script=default
  --script=<Lua scripts>: <Lua scripts> is a comma separated list of directories, script-files or script-categories
  --script-args=<n1=v1,[n2=v2,...]>: provide arguments to scripts
  --script-args-file=filename: provide NSE script args in a file
  --script-trace: Show all data sent and received
  --script-updatedb: Update the script database.
  --script-help=<Lua scripts>: Show help about scripts.
           <Lua scripts> is a comma-separated list of script-files or
           script-categories.

OS DETECTION: 操做系統

-O: Enable OS detection       #操做系統探測(也能夠用-A進行操做系統和版本探測)
  --osscan-limit: Limit OS detection to promising targets
  --osscan-guess: Guess OS more aggressively            #猜想操做系統

TIMING AND PERFORMANCE: 時間和性能

-T<0-5>: Set timing template (higher is faster)#設置時間模版
  --min-hostgroup/max-hostgroup <size>: Parallel host scan group sizes
  --min-parallelism/max-parallelism <numprobes>: Probe parallelization
  --min-rtt-timeout/max-rtt-timeout/initial-rtt-timeout <time>: Specifies probe round trip time.
  --max-retries <tries>: Caps number of port scan probe retransmissions.
  --host-timeout <time>: Give up on target after this long
  --scan-delay/--max-scan-delay <time>: Adjust delay between probes
  --min-rate <number>: Send packets no slower than <number> per second
  --max-rate <number>: Send packets no faster than <number> per second

FIREWALL/IDS EVASION AND SPOOFING: 防火牆/入侵檢測繞過和欺騙

-f; --mtu <val>: fragment packets (optionally w/given MTU)#指定mtu將tcp頭部分紅3個分片
  -D <decoy1,decoy2[,ME],...>: Cloak a scan with decoys
  -S <IP_Address>: Spoof source address#源地址欺騙(通常和-Pn,-e一塊兒使用)
  -e <iface>: Use specified interface#使用指定接口(通常和-Pn,-e一塊兒使用)
  -g/--source-port <portnum>: Use given port number#源端口欺騙(有些源爲53和20端口，防火牆不會攔截)
  --proxies <url1,[url2],...>: Relay connections through HTTP/SOCKS4 proxies
  --data <hex string>: Append a custom payload to sent packets  #附加16進制字符串
  --data-string <string>: Append a custom ASCII string to sent packets#附加字符串
  --data-length <num>: Append random data to sent packets#指定數據包大小，並附加隨機數據
  --ip-options <options>: Send packets with specified ip options
  --ttl <val>: Set IP time-to-live field
  --spoof-mac <mac address/prefix/vendor name>: Spoof your MAC address
  --badsum: Send packets with a bogus TCP/UDP/SCTP checksum

OUTPUT: 輸出

-oN/-oX/-oS/-oG <file>: Output scan in normal, XML, s|<rIpt kIddi3,
     and Grepable format, respectively, to the given filename.#標準輸出/xml輸出
  -oA <basename>: Output in the three major formats at once #輸出全部格式
  -v: Increase verbosity level (use -vv or more for greater effect)#顯示詳細信息
  -d: Increase debugging level (use -dd or more for greater effect)
  --reason: Display the reason a port is in a particular state#輸出端口狀態的緣由
  --open: Only show open (or possibly open) ports
  --packet-trace: Show all packets sent and received            #查看全部數據包的收發
  --iflist: Print host interfaces and routes (for debugging)   #打印主機的網絡接口和路由
  --append-output: Append to rather than clobber specified output files#在輸出文件中追加，(默認是覆蓋)
  --resume <filename>: Resume an aborted scan#恢復停止的掃描
  --stylesheet <path/URL>: XSL stylesheet to transform XML output to HTML
  --webxml: Reference stylesheet from Nmap.Org for more portable XML
  --no-stylesheet: Prevent associating of XSL stylesheet w/XML output

MISC: 其餘選項

-6: Enable IPv6 scanning
-A: Enable OS detection, version detection, script scanning, and traceroute #啓動操做系統檢測，版本檢測，腳本掃描，和路由跟蹤
  --datadir <dirname>: Specify custom Nmap data file location
  --send-eth/--send-ip: Send using raw ethernet frames or IP packets
  --privileged: Assume that the user is fully privileged
  --unprivileged: Assume the user lacks raw socket privileges
  -V: Print version number
  -h: Print this help summary page.

TARGET SPECIFICATION: 掃描目標
能夠輸入主機名，ip，網段等
Ex: scanme.nmap.org, microsoft.com/24, 192.168.0.1; 10.0.0-255.1-254

-iL <inputfilename>: Input from list of hosts/networks #從文件中讀取目標列表,(每項用法空格，製表符或回車符分開)
  -iR <num hosts>: Choose random targets     #隨機選擇n個目標
  --exclude <host1[,host2][,host3],...>: Exclude hosts/networks  #排除目標
  --excludefile <exclude_file>: Exclude list from file #排除文件中目標列表,(每項用法空格，製表符或回車符分開)

EXAMPLES: nmap -sS -PS80 -iR 1 -p 80 nmap -v -A scanme.nmap.org nmap -v -sn 192.168.0.0/16 10.0.0.0/8 #pingscan主機存活探測 nmap -v -iR 10000 -Pn -p 80 #隨機10000個ip 不探測存活 直接探測80端口