Cisco三層×××流量導入TE隧道轉發

Cisco三層×××流量導入TE隧道轉發
 
Maa nj 2007-12-31 
 
『一點祝福』
2007年終於走到了最後一天,在這以前,從沒想到過本身會隻身來到南京,來到這個陌生的異地,或許因緣際會吧,只爲認識你,或許有一天本身終將離開,或許這一天會很快,可是在之後本身全部的日子裏,我都會默默的爲你祝福,獲得屬於本身的幸福。
 
最近作了一個MPLS網絡的項目,其中一些總結,想寫出來分享一下。
 
該網絡的核心部署MPLS TE和三層×××,其中三層×××的私網流量經過MPLS TE隧道進行轉發,因爲MPLS TE隧道具備資源預留和帶寬保證等優點,可以爲私網流量轉發提供比較好的質量保證,經過TE隧道支持FRR快速重路由切換,當核心網絡鏈路或者節點失效發生時,經過TE FRR切換,能夠達到50ms級的流量快速倒換,最大限度的保證核心網絡的流量轉發。
 
正由於如此,才由MPLS TE隧道代替了日常三層×××中的LDP,做爲私網流量在公網轉發的通道,因此在整個核心網絡的部署中,是不須要部署LDP的。三層×××的配置和TE的基本配置都很廣泛了,所以不是要提到的重點,本文要提的重點,是私網流量引入TE隧道的方式以及對該方式的理解。
 
 
 
 
 
如圖所示,R1R2R3上均部署MPLS TER1R3做爲PE設備部署三層×××IGP路由協議採用OSPF。在部署好以後,咱們能夠在兩個PE上看到對應的私網路由信息,以下:
 
R1#show ip route vrf ***1                                                                                                           
                                                                                                                                   
Routing Table: ***1                                                                                                                 
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP                                                                     
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF , IA - OSPF inter area                                                              
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2                                                              
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2                                                                        
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2                                                        
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route                                                     
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route                                                                                
                                                                                                                                   
Gateway of last resort is not set                                                                                                   
                                                                                                                                   
     13.0.0 .0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets                                                                                            
C       13.1.2 .0 is directly connected, Ethernet4/7                                                                                
     31.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets                                                                                            
B       31.1.2.0 [200/0] via 202.1.1.3, 01:54:45                  
 
 
R3#show ip route vrf ***1                                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                    
Routing Table: ***1                                                                                                                 
Codes: C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP                                                                     
       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF , IA - OSPF inter area                                                               
       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2                                                              
       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2                                                                         
       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2                                                       
       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route                                                      
       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route                                                                               
                                                                                                                                    
Gateway of last resort is not set                                                                                                  
                                                                                                                                    
     13.0.0 .0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets                                                                                           
B       13.1.2 .0 [200/0] via 202.1.1.1, 01:56:41                                                                                    
     31.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets                                                                                           
C       31.1.2.0 is directly connected, Ethernet4/7                                                                                 
R3#                            
 
能夠看出這時私網路由都指向了對端PEBGP建鏈的loopback地址,可是隻是有了私網路由,在轉發層面上仍是不可能通的,由於這個時候私網標籤是不能指導公網轉發的,可是又必須保證私網標籤在到達對端PE以前不會被錯誤的剝掉,這時就須要公網標籤封裝在私網標籤以外,完成在公網這一段的數據報文轉發,之前是LDP的標籤,那麼如今沒有LDP,天然就是TE的標籤了,其實這個時候,回想一下,私網流量的轉發原理無非就是如此了,無論你外層須要嵌套多少層標籤,也只是爲了保證BGP分配的私網標籤可以正確的被攜帶到對端PE
 
那麼這個時候,須要作的只是在兩端PE上配置一條到對端PE BGP創建地址的靜態路由指向TE隧道。爲何這樣作呢,讓我再連貫起來講上一下就清楚了。好比,我在R1上查看到R3上私網地址31.1.2.0/24的路由下一跳是指向202.1.1.3的,這個時候給數據封裝一層私網標籤;可是202.1.1.3這個地址並非R1的地址,會繼續查路由表,查到下一跳爲TE隧道,而該TE隧道是本地的直鏈接口,因而再封裝一層TE隧道的出標籤做爲公網標籤進行轉發。這裏實際上是一個路由迭代的問題,在迭代的過程當中也肯定了內層標籤和外層標籤的位置,而這個時候有了公網標籤,私網流量天然也能經過TE隧道進行轉發了。
 
在本文中,配置靜態路由就是一種將私網流量引入TE隧道轉發的方式;一樣的,若是TE隧道支持自動路由,那麼經過自動路由的方式也是能夠將私網流量引入TE隧道轉發的。其實,不管是靜態路由仍是自動路由,其本質是將BGP的建鏈地址發佈到路由表中,而後經過路由迭代將私網流量引進隧道。
 
可是這樣的方式,目前看來只是一個實現,由於這樣仍是有很大侷限的,由於全部不一樣的×××都會經過同一個TE隧道進行轉發,同一隧道對於全部的×××提供的都是相同的服務質量和帶寬資源。還有其餘的方式,好比在vrf下面指定該vrf流量選擇的TE隧道,這樣就能夠根據不一樣的×××選擇不一樣的TE隧道轉發,還有就是根據策略路由指定不一樣的×××進入合適的TE隧道等等,因爲侷限於目前手上的版本,所以只能作這樣最簡單的實現,可是這裏提到這些是但願提醒你們,不要由於個人講述而限制了你們的思惟。
 
後面是我得一個簡單配置,提供給有興趣的朋友作參考。
 
R1配置』
R1#show run
Building configuration... 
Current configuration : 2071 bytes 
! 
version 12.4
! 
hostname R1
! 
ip vrf ***1
 rd 100:1
 route-target export 100:1
 route-target import 100:1
! 
! 
mpls traffic-eng tunnels
! 
interface Tunnel1
 ip unnumbered Loopback1
 tunnel destination 202.1.1.3
 tunnel mode mpls traffic-eng
 tunnel mpls traffic-eng path-option 16 dynamic
 no routing dynamic 
! 
interface Loopback1 
 ip address 202.1.1.1 255.255.255.255 
! 
interface Ethernet4/0
 ip address 80.1.2.1 255.255.255.0 
 duplex half
 mpls traffic-eng tunnels 
! 
interface Ethernet4/7
 ip vrf forwarding ***1
 ip address 13.1.2 .1 255.255.255.0 
 duplex half
! 
router ospf 1 
 mpls traffic-eng router-id Loopback1 
 mpls traffic-eng area 0
 log-adjacency-changes 
 network 80.1.2.0 0.0.0 .255 area 0 
 network 202.1.1.1 0.0.0 .0 area 0
! 
router bgp 100
 no synchronization 
 bgp log-neighbor-changes 
 neighbor 202.1.1.3 remote-as 100
 neighbor 202.1.1.3 update-source Loopback1 
 no auto-summary 
 !
 address-family ***v4
 neighbor 202.1.1.3 activate 
 neighbor 202.1.1.3 send-community extended 
 exit-address-family
 !
 address-family ipv4 vrf ***1
 redistribute connected
 no synchronization 
 exit-address-family
! 
ip route 202.1.1.3 255.255.255.255 Tunnel1
 
R2配置』
R2#show run
Building configuration... 
Current configuration : 1369 bytes 
! 
version 12.4
! 
hostname R2
! 
mpls traffic-eng tunnels
! 
interface Loopback1 
 ip address 202.1.1.2 255.255.255.255 
! 
interface Ethernet4/0
 ip address 80.1.2.2 255.255.255.0 
 duplex half
 mpls traffic-eng tunnels 
! 
interface Ethernet4/1
 ip address 80.2.3.1 255.255.255.0 
 duplex half
 mpls traffic-eng tunnels 
! 
router ospf 1 
 mpls traffic-eng router-id Loopback1 
 mpls traffic-eng area 0
 log-adjacency-changes 
 network 80.1.2.0 0.0.0 .255 area 0 
 network 80.2.3.0 0.0.0 .255 area 0 
R3配置』
R3#show run                                                                                                                        
Building configuration...                                                                                                           
Current configuration : 2045 bytes                                                                                                 
!                                                                                                                                   
version 12.4                                                                                                                       
!                                                                                                                                   
hostname R3                                                                                                                        
!                                                                                                                                   
ip vrf ***1                                                                                                                        
 rd 100:1                                                                                                                           
 route-target export 100:1                                                                                                         
 route-target import 100:1                                                                                                         
!                                                                                                                                  
!                                                                                                                                  
mpls traffic-eng tunnels                                                                                                            
!                                                                                                                                  
interface Tunnel1                                                                                                                   
 ip unnumbered Loopback1                                                                                                           
 tunnel destination 202.1.1.1                                                                                                       
 tunnel mode mpls traffic-eng                                                                                                      
 tunnel mpls traffic-eng path-option 16 dynamic                                                                                     
 no routing dynamic                                                                                                                
!                                                                                                                                   
interface Loopback1                                                                                                                
 ip address 202.1.1.3 255.255.255.255                                                                                               
!                                                                                                                                  
interface Ethernet4/1                                                                                                               
 ip address 80.2.3.2 255.255.255.0                                                                                                 
 duplex half                                                                                                                        
 mpls traffic-eng tunnels                                                                                                          
!                                                                                                                                   
interface Ethernet4/7                                                                                                              
 ip vrf forwarding ***1                                                                                                             
 ip address 31.1.2.1 255.255.255.0                                                                                                 
 duplex half                                                                                                                        
!                                                                                                                                  
router ospf 1                                                                                                                       
 mpls traffic-eng router-id Loopback1                                                                                              
 mpls traffic-eng area 0                                                                                                           
 log-adjacency-changes                                                                                                              
 network 80.2.3.0 0.0.0 .255 area 0                                                                                                 
 network 202.1.1.3 0.0.0 .0 area 0                                                                                                   
!                                                                                                                                  
router bgp 100                                                                                                                      
 no synchronization                                                                                                                
 bgp log-neighbor-changes                                                                                                           
 neighbor 202.1.1.1 remote-as 100                                                                                                  
 neighbor 202.1.1.1 update-source Loopback1                                                                                         
 no auto-summary                                                                                                                   
 !                                                                                                                                  
 address-family ***v4                                                                                                              
 neighbor 202.1.1.1 activate                                                                                                        
 neighbor 202.1.1.1 send-community extended                                                                                        
 exit-address-family                                                                                                                
 !                                                                                                                                 
 address-family ipv4 vrf ***1                                                                                                       
 redistribute connected                                                                                                            
 no synchronization                                                                                                                 
 exit-address-family                                                                                                               
!                                                                                                                                   
ip route 202.1.1.1 255.255.255.255 Tunnel1                                                                                         
 
R1上顯示隧道1的出標籤』
R1#show mpls traffic-eng tunnels tunnel 1                                                                                          
                                                                                                                                    
Name: R1_t1                               (Tunnel1) Destination: 202.1.1.3                                                         
  Status:                                                                                                                           
    Admin: up         Oper: up     Path: valid       Signalling: connected                                                         
                                                                                                                                    
    path option 16, type dynamic (Basis for Setup, path weight 20)                                                                 
                                                                                                                                    
  Config Parameters:                                                                                                               
    Bandwidth: 0        kbps (Global)  Priority: 7  7   Affinity: 0x0/0xFFFF                                                        
    Metric Type: TE (default)                                                                                                      
    AutoRoute:  disabled  LockDown: disabled  Loadshare: 0        bw-based                                                         
    auto-bw: disabled                                                                                                              
                                                                                                                                    
  InLabel  :  -                                                                                                                    
  OutLabel : Ethernet4/0, 16                                                                                                        
  RSVP Signalling Info:                                                                                                            
       Src 202.1.1.1, Dst 202.1.1.3, Tun_Id 1, Tun_Instance 11                                                                     
    RSVP Path Info:                                                                                                                
      My Address: 80.1.2.1                                                                                                          
      Explicit Route: 80.1.2.2 80.2.3.1 80.2.3.2 202.1.1.3                                                                         
      Record Route:  NONE                                                                                                          
      Tspec: ave rate=0 kbits, burst=1000 bytes, peak rate=0 kbits                                                                 
    RSVP Resv Info:                                                                                                                
      Record Route:  NONE                                                                                                          
      Fspec: ave rate=0 kbits, burst=1000 bytes, peak rate=0 kbits                                                                 
  Shortest Unconstrained Path Info:                                                                                                
    Path Weight: 20 (TE)                                                                                                            
    Explicit Route: 80.1.2.1 80.1.2.2 80.2.3.1 80.2.3.2                                                                            
                    202.1.1.3                                                                                                       
  History:                                                                                                                         
    Tunnel:                                                                                                                         
      Time since created: 3 hours, 41 minutes                                                                                      
      Time since path change: 3 hours, 39 minutes                                                                                   
    Current LSP:                                                                                                                   
      Uptime: 3 hours, 39 minutes                                                                                                   
R1#                  
 
R1上顯示私網標籤』
R1#show bgp ***v4 unicast vrf ***1 labels                                                                                          
   Network          Next Hop      In label/Out label                                                                                
Route Distinguisher: 100:1 (***1)                                                                                                  
   13.1.2 .0/24      0.0.0 .0         18/aggregate(***1)                                                                              
   31.1.2.0/24      202.1.1.3       nolabel/18         
 
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