OOM 的全稱是 Out-Of-Memory,是因爲 iOS 的 Jetsam 機制形成的一種「另類」 Crash,它不一樣於常規的 Crash,經過 Signal 捕獲等 Crash 監控方案沒法捕獲到 OOM 事件。html
目前猜想兩種狀況會形成 OOM,ios
XNU 中 opensource.apple.com/source/xnu/… 、opensource.apple.com/source/xnu/… 提供了一些函數和宏,咱們能夠在 root 權限下使用這些宏和函數來獲取當前狀態下的全部 App 的 oom 內存閾值,而且基於 PID 甚至能夠修改進程的 內存閾值,達到增大 oom內存閾值的效果。git
對咱們最有用的信息以下:github
// 獲取進程的 pid、優先級、狀態、內存閾值等信息
typedef struct memorystatus_priority_entry {
pid_t pid;
int32_t priority;
uint64_t user_data;
int32_t limit;
uint32_t state;
} memorystatus_priority_entry_t;
// 基於下面這些宏能夠達到查詢內存閾值等信息,也能夠修改內存閾值等
/* Commands */
#define MEMORYSTATUS_CMD_GET_PRIORITY_LIST 1
#define MEMORYSTATUS_CMD_SET_PRIORITY_PROPERTIES 2
#define MEMORYSTATUS_CMD_GET_JETSAM_SNAPSHOT 3
#define MEMORYSTATUS_CMD_GET_PRESSURE_STATUS 4
#define MEMORYSTATUS_CMD_SET_JETSAM_HIGH_WATER_MARK 5 /* Set active memory limit = inactive memory limit, both non-fatal */
#define MEMORYSTATUS_CMD_SET_JETSAM_TASK_LIMIT 6 /* Set active memory limit = inactive memory limit, both fatal */
#define MEMORYSTATUS_CMD_SET_MEMLIMIT_PROPERTIES 7 /* Set memory limits plus attributes independently */
#define MEMORYSTATUS_CMD_GET_MEMLIMIT_PROPERTIES 8 /* Get memory limits plus attributes */
#define MEMORYSTATUS_CMD_PRIVILEGED_LISTENER_ENABLE 9 /* Set the task's status as a privileged listener w.r.t memory notifications */
#define MEMORYSTATUS_CMD_PRIVILEGED_LISTENER_DISABLE 10 /* Reset the task's status as a privileged listener w.r.t memory notifications */
/* Commands that act on a group of processes */
#define MEMORYSTATUS_CMD_GRP_SET_PROPERTIES 100
複製代碼
咱們能夠建立一個以下代碼的程序bash
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include "kern_memorystatus.h"
#define NUM_ENTRIES 1024
char *state_to_text(int State)
{
// Convert kMemoryStatus constants to a textual representation
static char returned[80];
sprintf (returned, "0x%02x ",State);
if (State & kMemorystatusSuspended) strcat(returned,"Suspended,");
if (State & kMemorystatusFrozen) strcat(returned,"Frozen,");
if (State & kMemorystatusWasThawed) strcat(returned,"WasThawed,");
if (State & kMemorystatusTracked) strcat(returned,"Tracked,");
if (State & kMemorystatusSupportsIdleExit) strcat(returned,"IdleExit,");
if (State & kMemorystatusDirty) strcat(returned,"Dirty,");
if (returned[strlen(returned) -1] == ',')
returned[strlen(returned) -1] = '\0';
return (returned);
}
int main (int argc, char **argv)
{
struct memorystatus_priority_entry memstatus[NUM_ENTRIES];
size_t count = sizeof(struct memorystatus_priority_entry) * NUM_ENTRIES;
// call memorystatus_control
int rc = memorystatus_control (MEMORYSTATUS_CMD_GET_PRIORITY_LIST, // 1 - only supported command on OS X
0, // pid
0, // flags
memstatus, // buffer
count); // buffersize
if (rc < 0) { perror ("memorystatus_control"); exit(rc);}
int entry = 0;
for (; rc > 0; rc -= sizeof(struct memorystatus_priority_entry))
{
printf ("PID: %5d\tPriority:%2d\tUser Data: %llx\tLimit:%2d\tState:%s\n",
memstatus[entry].pid,
memstatus[entry].priority,
memstatus[entry].user_data,
memstatus[entry].limit,
state_to_text(memstatus[entry].state));
entry++;
}
}
複製代碼
而後經過 MonekyDev 提供的 Command-line Tool 工具將程序注入到越獄設備(當時的測試環境爲5s、iOS 9.1)中去,經過 SSH 鏈接到設備,而後經過終端運行該程序。就能夠獲得 dump 的信息。以下所示:app
PID: 9967 Priority: 3 User Data: 0 Limit: 6 State:0x38 Tracked,IdleExit,Dirty
PID: 11151 Priority: 3 User Data: 0 Limit: 6 State:0x38 Tracked,IdleExit,Dirty
PID: 11154 Priority: 3 User Data: 0 Limit:10 State:0x38 Tracked,IdleExit,Dirty
PID: 11165 Priority: 3 User Data: 0 Limit: 6 State:0x38 Tracked,IdleExit,Dirty
PID: 11499 Priority: 3 User Data: 0 Limit:18 State:0x28 Tracked,Dirty
PID: 10039 Priority: 4 User Data: 2100 Limit:108 State:0x00
PID: 9981 Priority: 7 User Data: 0 Limit:10 State:0x08 Tracked
PID: 9977 Priority: 7 User Data: 0 Limit:20 State:0x08 Tracked
PID: 9979 Priority: 7 User Data: 0 Limit:25 State:0x38 Tracked,IdleExit,Dirty
PID: 10021 Priority: 7 User Data: 0 Limit: 6 State:0x08 Tracked
PID: 11575 Priority:10 User Data: 10100 Limit:650 State:0x00
PID: 103 Priority:11 User Data: 0 Limit:96 State:0x08 Tracked
PID: 11442 Priority:11 User Data: 0 Limit:38 State:0x08 Tracked
PID: 67 Priority:12 User Data: 0 Limit:24 State:0x28 Tracked,Dirty
PID: 31 Priority:14 User Data: 0 Limit:650 State:0x08 Tracked
PID: 45 Priority:14 User Data: 0 Limit: 9 State:0x08 Tracked
複製代碼
以上代碼中,Priority:10 的進程就是我測試的 好好學習 App,此時 App 在前臺而且活躍,因此優先級是 10,而且獲得 oom 內存閾值是 650ide
當咱們的 App 因爲 jetsam 被殺死的時候,在手機中會有系統日誌,從手機設置-隱私-分析這條操做路徑中,能夠拿到JetsamEvent 開頭的日誌。這些日誌中就能夠獲取一些關於 App 的內存信息,以個人 6s 爲例,pageSize * rpages 的值獲取的值即是閾值,同時日誌中也代表緣由是 "reason" : "per-process-limit" (並非全部的 JetsamEvent 中均可以拿到準確的閾值,有的存在誤差。。。)函數
"pageSize" : 16384
{
"uuid" : "b8d6682c-5903-3007-b9c2-561d1e6ca9d5",
"states" : [
"frontmost",
"resume"
],
"killDelta" : 18859,
"genCount" : 0,
"age" : 1775369503,
"purgeable" : 0,
"fds" : 50,
"coalition" : 691,
"rpages" : 89600,
"reason" : "per-process-limit",
"pid" : 960,
"cpuTime" : 1.6920809999999999,
"name" : "MemoryLimitTest",
"lifetimeMax" : 34182
}
複製代碼
能夠經過大量的測試來尋找它的oom 內存閾值是多少,StackOverFlow 上已經存在一個清單,該清單列舉了一些常見設備的 oom 閾值。該清單閾值和真實閾值存在誤差,我猜想原有有二,第一,它取內存的時機不可能徹底和 oom 時機吻合,只能儘量接近這個時機,第二,他取內存的方法和 XNU 中 jetsam 機制所用的內存獲取方式不一致。正確獲取內存的方式下面會闡述。工具
Results of testing with the utility Split wrote (link is in his answer):
device: (crash amount/total amount/percentage of total)
iPad1: 127MB/256MB/49%
iPad2: 275MB/512MB/53%
iPad3: 645MB/1024MB/62%
iPad4: 585MB/1024MB/57% (iOS 8.1)
iPad Mini 1st Generation: 297MB/512MB/58%
iPad Mini retina: 696MB/1024MB/68% (iOS 7.1)
iPad Air: 697MB/1024MB/68%
iPad Air 2: 1383MB/2048MB/68% (iOS 10.2.1)
iPad Pro 9.7": 1395MB/1971MB/71% (iOS 10.0.2 (14A456)) iPad Pro 10.5」: 3057/4000/76% (iOS 11 beta4) iPad Pro 12.9」 (2015): 3058/3999/76% (iOS 11.2.1) iPad Pro 12.9」 (2017): 3057/3974/77% (iOS 11 beta4) iPod touch 4th gen: 130MB/256MB/51% (iOS 6.1.1) iPod touch 5th gen: 286MB/512MB/56% (iOS 7.0) iPhone4: 325MB/512MB/63% iPhone4s: 286MB/512MB/56% iPhone5: 645MB/1024MB/62% iPhone5s: 646MB/1024MB/63% iPhone6: 645MB/1024MB/62% (iOS 8.x) iPhone6+: 645MB/1024MB/62% (iOS 8.x) iPhone6s: 1396MB/2048MB/68% (iOS 9.2) iPhone6s+: 1392MB/2048MB/68% (iOS 10.2.1) iPhoneSE: 1395MB/2048MB/69% (iOS 9.3) iPhone7: 1395/2048MB/68% (iOS 10.2) iPhone7+: 2040MB/3072MB/66% (iOS 10.2.1) iPhone X: 1392/2785/50% (iOS 11.2.1) https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5887248/ios-app-maximum-memory-budget/15200855#15200855 複製代碼
常見的獲取 App 內存的方式是使用 resident_size 代碼以下:post
#import <mach/mach.h>
- (int64_t)memoryUsage {
int64_t memoryUsageInByte = 0;
struct task_basic_info taskBasicInfo;
mach_msg_type_number_t size = sizeof(taskBasicInfo);
kern_return_t kernelReturn = task_info(mach_task_self(), TASK_BASIC_INFO, (task_info_t) &taskBasicInfo, &size);
if(kernelReturn == KERN_SUCCESS) {
memoryUsageInByte = (int64_t) taskBasicInfo.resident_size;
NSLog(@"Memory in use (in bytes): %lld", memoryUsageInByte);
} else {
NSLog(@"Error with task_info(): %s", mach_error_string(kernelReturn));
}
return memoryUsageInByte;
}
複製代碼
而正確的方式應該是使用 phys_footprint,由於 Apple 就是用的這個指標,和 Apple 保持一致才能說明問題。能夠看源碼驗證一下:opensource.apple.com/source/xnu/…
#import <mach/mach.h>
- (int64_t)memoryUsage {
int64_t memoryUsageInByte = 0;
task_vm_info_data_t vmInfo;
mach_msg_type_number_t count = TASK_VM_INFO_COUNT;
kern_return_t kernelReturn = task_info(mach_task_self(), TASK_VM_INFO, (task_info_t) &vmInfo, &count);
if(kernelReturn == KERN_SUCCESS) {
memoryUsageInByte = (int64_t) vmInfo.phys_footprint;
NSLog(@"Memory in use (in bytes): %lld", memoryUsageInByte);
} else {
NSLog(@"Error with task_info(): %s", mach_error_string(kernelReturn));
}
return memoryUsageInByte;
}
複製代碼
最先看到 oom 相關的方案是 FaceBook 的一篇博客中講到的,code.facebook.com/posts/11469…,經過排除法來統計 OOM 率是多少。固然這種方案統計的結果多少會與實際數據存在偏差,好比 ApplicationState 不許確,watchdog 也被統計在 oom 中之類的。
近期騰訊也開源了本身的 OOM 定位方案,OOMDetector 組件:github.com/Tencent/OOM… 。這種方案經過利用 libmalloc 中的 malloc_logger 函數指針,能夠經過堆棧來幫助開發定位大內存。可是也存在一些缺陷,就是頻繁的 dump 堆棧對 App 性能形成了影響,只能灰度一小部分用戶來進行數據統計和定位。
基於近期的發現,能夠在線下獲取 App 的 high water mark,也就是 oom 內存閾值。 那麼就產生了方案3