handler:綁定到一個線程上,一個線程能夠有多個handler安全
looper:線程跟looper是一一對應的,因此looper不能被調用兩次不然會拋出異常async
messge:handler利用message來攜帶消息ide
messagQueue:用來狀態message,一個looper對應一個消息隊列函數
如何來判斷一個消息隊列對應一個handler呢,在sendmessage中獲取到一個消息隊列的持有者looperoop
looper的兩個方法:prepare()和loop()ui
1.this
public static final void prepare() { if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) { throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread"); } sThreadLocal.set(new Looper(true)); }
給當前線程一個設定一個looper實例spa
2.線程
private Looper(boolean quitAllowed) { mQueue = new MessageQueue(quitAllowed); mRun = true; mThread = Thread.currentThread(); }
給這個looper建立一個消息隊列(在構造函數中),並返回當前的線程對象
3.
public static void loop() { final Looper me = myLooper(); if (me == null) { throw new RuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread."); } final MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue; // Make sure the identity of this thread is that of the local process, // and keep track of what that identity token actually is. Binder.clearCallingIdentity(); final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity(); for (;;) { Message msg = queue.next(); // might block if (msg == null) { // No message indicates that the message queue is quitting. return; } // This must be in a local variable, in case a UI event sets the logger Printer logging = me.mLogging; if (logging != null) { logging.println(">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " " + msg.callback + ": " + msg.what); } msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg); if (logging != null) { logging.println("<<<<< Finished to " + msg.target + " " + msg.callback); } // Make sure that during the course of dispatching the // identity of the thread wasn't corrupted. final long newIdent = Binder.clearCallingIdentity(); if (ident != newIdent) { Log.wtf(TAG, "Thread identity changed from 0x" + Long.toHexString(ident) + " to 0x" + Long.toHexString(newIdent) + " while dispatching to " + msg.target.getClass().getName() + " " + msg.callback + " what=" + msg.what); } msg.recycle(); } }
public static Looper myLooper() { return sThreadLocal.get(); }
直接拿到該looper實例中的消息隊列,而後循環每個message(進入了無限循環),遍歷消息以後會經過這個message的handler進行分發。
msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg); 中的target是handler
總結looper的主要做用
1) 與當前線程綁定,保證一個線程只會有一個Looper實例,同時一個Looper實例也只有一個MessageQueue。
2) loop()方法,不斷從MessageQueue中去取消息,交給消息的target屬性的dispatchMessage去處理。
handler
public Handler() { this(null, false); } public Handler(Callback callback, boolean async) { if (FIND_POTENTIAL_LEAKS) { final Class<? extends Handler> klass = getClass(); if ((klass.isAnonymousClass() || klass.isMemberClass() || klass.isLocalClass()) && (klass.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0) { Log.w(TAG, "The following Handler class should be static or leaks might occur: " + klass.getCanonicalName()); } } mLooper = Looper.myLooper(); if (mLooper == null) { throw new RuntimeException( "Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()"); } mQueue = mLooper.mQueue; mCallback = callback; mAsynchronous = async; }
handler綁定到looper上,因爲一個looper對一個一個消息隊列,這樣這個handler就綁定到這個looper上了,也同時綁定到了這個線程上。
handler.sendMessgae()是用來說Message添加進消息隊列的。。dispatchmessage纔是用於分發的(如上looper介紹)
public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) { if (msg.callback != null) { handleCallback(msg); } else { if (mCallback != null) { if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) { return; } } handleMessage(msg); } }
public void handleMessage(Message msg) { }
handleMessage此時是空的函數,須要咱們以後的複寫
步驟:
一、首先Looper.prepare()在本線程中保存一個Looper實例,而後該實例中保存一個MessageQueue對象;由於Looper.prepare()在一個線程中只能調用一次,因此MessageQueue在一個線程中只會存在一個。 二、Looper.loop()會讓當前線程進入一個無限循環,不端從MessageQueue的實例中讀取消息,而後回調msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg)方法。 三、Handler的構造方法,會首先獲得當前線程中保存的Looper實例,進而與Looper實例中的MessageQueue想關聯。 四、Handler的sendMessage方法,會給msg的target賦值爲handler自身,而後加入MessageQueue中。 五、在構造Handler實例時,咱們會重寫handleMessage方法,也就是msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg)最終調用的方法。 六、handler也能夠進行存在於子線程中,爲何咱們通常見到的都在主線程中呢?由於通常是針對UI空間更新的操做是不安全的因此handler放在主線程中,若是不存在這樣的業務,固然能夠用handler