經過python-ldap操做管理AD/LDAP用戶及組織結構

時間 2020-01-04

原文原文鏈接

LDAP/AD是兩種應用最普遍的認證服務器，AD是微軟基於LDAP開發而成的，應用於Windows平臺，而LDAP主要應用於Linux平臺（LDAP用在Windows平臺比較少）。既然AD是基於LDAP的擴展，則LDAP大部分協議，AD都可原生支持，這位咱們操做和管理AD認證服務器提供了大大的便利。服務器

在軟件開發過程當中，不少公司都採用AD/LDAP用於本身的用戶認證體系，本文重點研究經過Python語言提供的Python-Ldap框架，來操做和管理AD/LDAP中的用戶，組織結構等，但願對你們有所幫助。框架

基本概念：dom

o– organization（組織-公司）
ou – organization unit（組織單元/部門）
c - countryName（國家）
dc - domainComponent（域名組件）
sn – suer name（真實名稱）
cn - common name（經常使用名稱）
dn - distinguished name（惟一標識）

AD和LDAP中的字段及含義：ide

用戶表字段對應關係：

字段描述    表示值
惟一標識    dn
用戶名 userPrincipalName(AD)/cn(LDAP)
密碼  userPassword
真實姓名    displayName
工做地點    physicalDeliveryOfficeName
職務  title
郵箱  mail
我的電話    telephoneNumber
公司電話    homePhone

組織結構表對應關係：

字段描述    表示值
惟一標識    dn
組織名稱    ou
組織描述    description

在AD中建立用戶

import ldap
def create_ad_user(username, unicode_password, org_dn):
    l = ldap.initialize('ldap://172.16.1.163:636') #use secure port default:636
    l.protocol_version = 3
    l.set_option(ldap.OPT_REFERRALS, 0)
    l.simple_bind_s('Administrator', 'P@ssword')
    user = {}
    user['objectclass'] = ['top', 'person', 'organizationalPerson', 'user']
    user_dn = 'cn=%s,%s' % (username,org_dn)
    user['userPrincipalName'] = '%s@%s' % (username, domain)
    user['userAccountControl'] = '66048' # active user account
    user['unicodePwd'] = unicode_password
    ldif = modlist.addModlist(user)
    ret, _ = l.add_s(user_dn, ldif)
    print ret

在LDAP中建立用戶

import ldap
def create_ldap_user(username, password, org_dn):
l = ldap.initialize('ldap://172.16.1.163:389')
l.protocol_version = 3
l.set_option(ldap.OPT_REFERRALS, 0)
l.simple_bind_s('Administrator', 'P@ssword')
user = {}
user['objectclass'] = ['top', 'person', 'inetOrgPerson']
user['cn'] = username
user['sn'] = user['cn']
user['password'] = password
user_dn = 'cn=%s,%s' % (username,org_dn)
ldif = modlist.addModlist(user)
ret, _ = l.add_s(user_dn, ldif)
print ret

修改AD/LDAP用戶基本信息

import ldap
def modify_user(username):
firstname = 'Abel'
lastname = 'Lee'
l = ldap.initialize('ldap://172.16.1.163:389')
l.protocol_version = 3
l.set_option(ldap.OPT_REFERRALS, 0)
l.simple_bind_s('Administrator', 'P@ssword')
cn = username
dn = 'cn=%s,ou=org1,dc=testad,dc=com' % cn
old = {'description': 'old description'}
new = {'description': 'new description'}
ldif = ldap.modifyModlist(old, new)
ret = l.modify_s(dn, ldif)
l.unbind_s()
print ret

刪除AD/LDAP用戶

import ldap
def delete_users(user_dn):
l = ldap.initialize('ldap://172.16.1.163:389')
l.protocol_version = 3
l.set_option(ldap.OPT_REFERRALS, 0)
l.simple_bind_s('Administrator', 'P@ssword')
ret = l.delete_s(user_dn)
l.unbind_s()
print ret

查詢AD用戶信息

import ldap
def describe_ad_users(org_dn='', usernames = []):
l = ldap.initialize('ldap://172.16.1.163:389')
l.protocol_version = 3
l.set_option(ldap.OPT_REFERRALS, 0)
l.simple_bind_s('Administrator', 'P@ssword')
USER_ATTRS = ['userAccountControl','displayName','description','homePhone','physicalDeliveryOfficeName','title','mail','telephoneNumber']
filterstr = '(&(objectclass=user)'
if len(usernames) > 0:
    filterstr = filterstr + '(|'
for username in usernames:
    username = '%s@%s' % (username, domain)
    userPrincipalName = '(userPrincipalName=%s)' % username
    filterstr += userPrincipalName
if len(usernames) > 0:
    filterstr += '))'
else:
    filterstr += ')'
if org_dn:
    ret = l.search_s(org_dn, ldap.SCOPE_SUBTREE, filterstr, 
                                       attrlist=USER_ATTRS)
else:
    ret = l.search_s(base_dn, ldap.SCOPE_SUBTREE, filterstr, 
                                       attrlist=USER_ATTRS) 
print ret

查詢LDAP中的用戶

import ldap
def describe_ldap_users(org_dn='', usernames = []):
l = ldap.initialize('ldap://172.16.1.163:389')
l.protocol_version = 3
l.set_option(ldap.OPT_REFERRALS, 0)
l.simple_bind_s('Administrator', 'P@ssword')
USER_ATTRS = ['userAccountControl','displayName','description','homePhone','physicalDeliveryOfficeName','title','mail','telephoneNumber']
filterstr = '(&(objectclass=person)'
if len(usernames) > 0:
    filterstr = filterstr + '(|'
for cn in usernames:
    cn = '(cn=%s)' % cn
    filterstr += cn
if len(usernames) > 0:
    filterstr += '))'
else:
    filterstr += ')'
if org_dn:
    ret = l.search_s(org_dn, ldap.SCOPE_SUBTREE, filterstr, 
                                       attrlist=USER_ATTRS)
else:
    ret = l.search_s(base_dn, ldap.SCOPE_SUBTREE, filterstr, 
                                       attrlist=USER_ATTRS) 
print ret

AD用戶認證

import ldap
def login_ad(user_dn, password):
l = ldap.initialize('ldap://172.16.1.163:389')
l.protocol_version = 3
l.set_option(ldap.OPT_REFERRALS, 0)
l.simple_bind_s(user_dn, password)
cn = user_dn.split(',')[0].split('=')
base_dn = 'dc=testad,dc=com'
domain = 'testad.com'
username = '%s@%s' % (cn[1], domain)
ret = l.search_s(base_dn, ldap.SCOPE_SUBTREE,"(userPrincipalName=%s)" % username, ["userPrincipalName"])
if ret is None or len(ret) == 0:
    return False
return True

LDAP用戶認證

import ldap
def login_ldap(user_dn, password):
l = ldap.initialize('ldap://172.16.1.163:389')
l.protocol_version = 3
l.set_option(ldap.OPT_REFERRALS, 0)
l.simple_bind_s(user_dn, password)
cn = user_dn.split(',')[0].split('=')
base_dn = 'dc=testad,dc=com'
ret = l.search_s(base_dn, ldap.SCOPE_SUBTREE,"%s=%s" % (cn[0], cn[1]))
if ret is None or len(ret) == 0:
    return False
return True

設置AD用戶密碼，修改AD用戶密碼能夠先認證再設置

import ldap
def set_ad_password(user_dn, unicode_password):
l = ldap.initialize('ldap://172.16.1.163:636') #use secure port
l.simple_bind_s('Administrator', 'P@ssword')
param_pwd = [(ldap.MOD_REPLACE, 'unicodePwd', [password_utf16]), (ldap.MOD_REPLACE, 'unicodePwd', [password_utf16])]
ret,_ = l.modify_s(user_dn, param_pwd)
print ret

設置LDAP用戶密碼

import ldap
def set_ldap_password(user_dn, password):
l = ldap.initialize('ldap://172.16.1.163:389')
l.protocol_version = 3
l.set_option(ldap.OPT_REFERRALS, 0)
l.simple_bind_s('Administrator', 'P@ssword')
l.passwd_s(user_dn, None, password)

修改LDAP用戶密碼

import ldap
def modify_ldap_password(user_dn, old_password, new_password):
l = ldap.initialize('ldap://172.16.1.163:389')
l.protocol_version = 3
l.set_option(ldap.OPT_REFERRALS, 0)
l.simple_bind_s('Administrator', 'P@ssword')
l.passwd_s(user_dn, old_password, new_password)

建立AD/LDAP組織結構

import ldap
def create_ou(parent_dn, ou):
l = ldap.initialize('ldap://172.16.1.163:389')
l.protocol_version = 3
l.set_option(ldap.OPT_REFERRALS, 0)
l.simple_bind_s('Administrator', 'P@ssword')
attrs= {'ou': ou}
attrs['description'] = 'this is description'
attrs['objectClass'] = ['organizationalUnit','top']
dn = 'ou=%s,%s' % (attrs['ou'], parent_dn)
ldif = modlist.addModlist(attrs)
ret, _ = l.add_s(dn,ldif)
print ret

修改AD/LDAP組織結構

import ldap
def modify_ou(attrs={'description': 'new_description'}):
l = ldap.initialize('ldap://172.16.1.163:389')
l.protocol_version = 3
l.set_option(ldap.OPT_REFERRALS, 0)
l.simple_bind_s('Administrator', 'P@ssword')
old_attrs = {'description': 'old_description'}
ldif = modlist.modifyModlist(old_attrs, attrs)
l.modify_s(dn,ldif)

刪除AD/LDAP組織結構

import ldap
def delete_ou(dn):
l = ldap.initialize('ldap://172.16.1.163:389')
l.protocol_version = 3
l.set_option(ldap.OPT_REFERRALS, 0) 
l.simple_bind_s('Administrator', 'P@ssword')
l.delete_s(dn)

查詢AD/LDAP組織結構

import ldap
def describe_ou(parent_dn='', org_dns=[]):
ORGANIZATION_ATTRS = ['ou', 'description']
l = ldap.initialize('ldap://172.16.1.163:389')
l.protocol_version = 3
l.set_option(ldap.OPT_REFERRALS, 0)
l.simple_bind_s('Administrator', 'P@ssword')
filterstr = '(&(objectclass=organizationalUnit)'
for dn in org_dns:
    objectGUID = '(ou=%s)' % dn
    filterstr += objectGUID
filterstr += ')'
if parent_dn:
    ret = l.search_s(parent_dn, ldap.SCOPE_SUBTREE, filterstr, 
                                   attrlist=ORGANIZATION_ATTRS)
else:
    ret = l.search_s(base_dn, ldap.SCOPE_SUBTREE, filterstr, 
                                   attrlist=ORGANIZATION_ATTRS)
print ret

修改用戶所屬組織結構

import ldap
def change_user_in_ou(user_dn, new_org_dn):
l = ldap.initialize('ldap://172.16.1.163:389')
l.protocol_version = 3
l.set_option(ldap.OPT_REFERRALS, 0)
l.simple_bind_s('Administrator', 'P@ssword')
cn = user_dn.split(',')[0]
ret = l.rename_s(user_dn, cn, new_org_dn)
print ret

注意：AD和LDAP中如：建立用戶，查詢用戶等操做，其使用端口和查詢字段均有差別，還請格外注意，另外，代碼若有不明確指出，歡迎留言討論。ui

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