解析GMAT語法中常見的8大一致性問題考點

GMAT語法中的一致性問題是高頻的考點，常有考生由於對這個問題不夠重視而引起錯誤。爲了不在這個考點上扣分，下面小編就爲你們解析GMAT語法中有關一致性的8大常見考點。

 

什麼是GMAT語法的一致性問題?

所謂語法上一致就是謂語動詞和主語在單、複數形式上保持一致。光從字面上來看貌似十分簡單，但涉及到具體題目中卻每每會成爲扣分殺手。具體來講，在GMAT語法中有關一致性的具體考點主要有如下8種：

 

1. 主語謂語單複數一致

以單數名詞或代詞、動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語或從句做主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數形式;主語爲複數時，謂語動詞用複數形式。

如：His father is working on the farm. / To study English well is not easy. / What he said is very important for us all. / The children were in the classroom two hours ago. / Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.

注意：由what引導的主語從句，後面的謂語動詞多數狀況用單數形式，表語是複數或what從句是一個帶有複數意義的並列結構時，主句的謂語動詞用複數形式。如：What I bought were three English books. / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you.

 

2. 合成主語用複數

由鏈接詞and或both …… and鏈接起來的合成主語後面，要用複數形式的謂語動詞。

如：Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. / Both she and he are Young Pioneers.

注意：(1)若and所鏈接的兩個詞是指同一我的或物時，它後面的謂語動詞就應用單數形式。如：The writer and artist has come. (2)由and鏈接的並列單數主語前若是分別有no， each， every more than a (an) ， many a (an)修飾時，其謂語動詞要用單數形式。如：Every student and every teacher was in the room. / No boy and no girl likes it.

 

3. 短語不影響單複數形式

主語爲單數名詞或代詞，儘管後面跟有with， together with， except， but， like， as well as， rather than， more than， no less than， besides， including等引發的短語，謂語動詞仍用單數形式;若主語爲複數，謂語用複數形式。

如：Mr. Green， together with his wife and children， has come to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She， like you and Tom， is very tall.

 

4. 複合不定代詞的單複數斷定

either， neither， each， every 或no +單數名詞和由some， any， no， every構成的複合不定代詞，都做單數看待。

如：Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter.

注意：(1)在口語中當either或neither後跟有「of+複數名詞(或代詞)」做主語時，其謂語動詞也可用複數。如：Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. (2)若none of後面的名詞是不可數名詞，它的謂語動詞就要用單數;若它後面的名詞是複數，它的謂語動詞用單數或複數均可以。如：None of us has  been to America.

 

5. 關係代詞作主語的單複數一致

在定語從句時，關係代詞that， who， which等做主語時，其謂語動詞的數應與句中先行詞的數一致。

如：He is one of my friends who are working hard. / He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.

 

6. 集體名詞單複數使用區別

若是集體名詞指的是整個集體，它的謂語動詞用單數;若是它指集體的成員，其謂語動詞就用複數形式。這些詞有family， class， crowd， committee， population， audience等。

如：Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.

注意：people， police， cattle等名詞通常都用做複數。如：The police are looking for the lost child.

 

7. 數量詞構成短語注意單複數用法

由「a lot of， lots of， plenty of， the rest of， the majority of + 名詞」構成的短語以及由「分數或百分數+名詞」構成的短語做主語，其謂語動詞的數要根據短語中後面名詞的數而定。

如：There are a lot of people in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderful. / 50% of the students in our class are girls.

注意：a number of「許多」，做定語修飾複數名詞，謂語用複數;the number of「……的數量」，主語是number，謂語用單數。

 

8. 倒裝句中動詞單複數問題

在倒裝句中，謂語動詞的數應與其後的主語一致。如：There comes the bus. / On the wall are many pictures. / Such is the result. / Such are the facts.

 

總而言之，一致性問題做爲GMAT語法的主要考點，值得考生投入一些時間精力認真備考的，但願上文提到的這些一致性相關考點，你們可以有所瞭解，提早作好準備，以確保語法部分的順利得分。