若是你須要在不一樣進程間通訊,你能夠在Service中使用Messenger來實現進程中通訊。html
若是使用這種方式,Service中須要定義一個Handler對象(負責對客戶端發送過來的Message進行響應)。java
Messenger能夠共享給client一個IBinder對象,client經過這個IBinder對象向Service發送Message,而前面提到的Handler對象是這一切的基礎。linux
注:使用這種方式進行通訊是不支持多線程的。android
那就讓咱們來看看使用這種方式進行通訊吧!web
注:Service在聲明時必須對外開放,即android:exported="true",且本文是經過Intent啓動的Service,因此在聲明時該Service能夠接收特定的Action。多線程
一、在Service中建立一個Handler對象,來處理從client發過來的Messageapp
二、根據建立的Handler對象建立一個Messenger對象ide
三、使用Messenger的getBinder方法獲得一個IBinder對象,並在Service的onBind方法中將其反出去函數
四、client在onServiceConnected中根據IBinder參數建立一個Messenger對象(可參考Messenger的構造函數)oop
五、client能夠使用上一步獲得的Messenger對象來給Service發送Message了
通過上面的五部咱們就能讓client與Service進行通訊。client使用Messenger對象給Service發送Message後,Service中的Handler將會對消息做出響應。
上面實現的僅僅是單向通訊,即client給Service發送消息,若是我須要Service給client發送消息又該怎樣作呢?
其實,這也是很容易實現的,下面就讓咱們接着上面的步驟來實現雙向通訊吧~
六、在client中建立一個Handler對象,用於處理Service發過來的消息
七、根據client中的Handler對象建立一個client本身的Messenger對象
八、咱們在第5步的時候得到了Service的Messenger對象,並經過它來給Service發送消息。這時候,咱們將client的Messenger對象賦給待發送的Message對象的replyTo字段
九、在Service的Handler處理Message時將client的Messenger解析出來,並使用client的Messenger對象給client發送消息
這樣咱們就實現了client和Service的雙向通訊。client和Service都有本身的Handler和Messenger對象,使得對方能夠給本身發送消息,值得注意的是client的Messenger是經過Message的replyTo傳遞給Service的。
Messenger:信使
官方文檔解釋:它引用了一個Handler對象,以便others可以向它發送消息(使用mMessenger.send(Message msg)方法)。該類容許跨進程間基於Message的通訊(即兩個進程間能夠經過Message進行通訊),在服務端使用Handler建立一個Messenger,客戶端持有這個Messenger就能夠與服務端通訊了。
之前咱們使用Handler+Message的方式進行通訊,都是在同一個進程中,從線程持有一個主線程的Handler對象,並向主線程發送消息。
而Android既然能夠使用bindler機制進行跨進行通訊,因此咱們固然能夠將Handler與bindler結合起來進行跨進程發送消息。
查看API就能夠發現,Messenger就是這種方式的實現。
通常使用方法以下:
1。遠程經過
mMessenger = new Messenger(mHandler)
建立一個信使對象
2。客戶端使用bindlerService請求鏈接遠程
3。遠程onBind方法返回一個bindler
return mMessenger.getBinder();
4.客戶端使用遠程返回的bindler獲得一個信使(即獲得遠程信使)
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
rMessenger = new Messenger(service);
......
}
這裏雖然是new了一個Messenger,但咱們查看它的實現
public Messenger(IBinder target) { mTarget = IMessenger.Stub.asInterface(target); }
發現它的mTarget是經過Aidl獲得的,實際上就是遠程建立的那個。
5。客戶端能夠使用這個遠程信使對象向遠程發送消息:rMessenger.send(msg);
這樣遠程服務端的Handler對象就能收到消息了,而後能夠在其handlerMessage(Message msg)方法中進行處理。(該Handler對象就是第一步服務端建立Messenger時使用的參數mHandler).
通過這5個步驟貌似只有客戶端向服務端發送消息,這樣的消息傳遞是單向的,那麼如何實現雙向傳遞呢?
首先須要在第5步稍加修改,在send(msg)前經過msm.replyTo = mMessenger將本身的信使設置到消息中,這樣服務端接收到消息時同時也獲得了客戶端的信使對象了,而後服務端能夠經過/獲得客戶端的信使對象,並向它發送消息 cMessenger = msg.replyTo; cMessenger.send(message);
即完成了從服務端向客戶端發送消息的功能,這樣客服端能夠在本身的Handler對象的handlerMessage方法中接收服務端發送來的message進行處理。
雙向通訊宣告完成。
如下代碼來自ApiDemo
Service code:
[java]
public class MessengerService extends Service {
/** For showing and hiding our notification. */
NotificationManager mNM;
/** Keeps track of all current registered clients. */
ArrayList<Messenger> mClients = new ArrayList<Messenger>();
/** Holds last value set by a client. */
int mValue = 0;
/**
* Command to the service to register a client, receiving callbacks
* from the service. The Message's replyTo field must be a Messenger of
* the client where callbacks should be sent.
*/
static final int MSG_REGISTER_CLIENT = 1;
/**
* Command to the service to unregister a client, ot stop receiving callbacks
* from the service. The Message's replyTo field must be a Messenger of
* the client as previously given with MSG_REGISTER_CLIENT.
*/
static final int MSG_UNREGISTER_CLIENT = 2;
/**
* Command to service to set a new value. This can be sent to the
* service to supply a new value, and will be sent by the service to
* any registered clients with the new value.
*/
static final int MSG_SET_VALUE = 3;
/**
* Handler of incoming messages from clients.
*/
class IncomingHandler extends Handler {
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
switch (msg.what) {
case MSG_REGISTER_CLIENT:
mClients.add(msg.replyTo);
break;
case MSG_UNREGISTER_CLIENT:
mClients.remove(msg.replyTo);
break;
case MSG_SET_VALUE:
mValue = msg.arg1;
for (int i = mClients.size() - 1; i >= 0; i --) {
try {
mClients.get(i).send(Message.obtain(null,
MSG_SET_VALUE, mValue, 0));
} catch (RemoteException e) {
// The client is dead. Remove it from the list;
// we are going through the list from back to front
// so this is safe to do inside the loop.
mClients.remove(i);
}
}
break;
default:
super.handleMessage(msg);
}
}
}
/**
* Target we publish for clients to send messages to IncomingHandler.
*/
final Messenger mMessenger = new Messenger(new IncomingHandler());
@Override
public void onCreate() {
mNM = (NotificationManager)getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
// Display a notification about us starting.
showNotification();
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
// Cancel the persistent notification.
mNM.cancel(R.string.remote_service_started);
// Tell the user we stopped.
Toast.makeText(this, R.string.remote_service_stopped, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
/**
* When binding to the service, we return an interface to our messenger
* for sending messages to the service.
*/
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
return mMessenger.getBinder();
}
/**
* Show a notification while this service is running.
*/
private void showNotification() {
// In this sample, we'll use the same text for the ticker and the expanded notification
CharSequence text = getText(R.string.remote_service_started);
// Set the icon, scrolling text and timestamp
Notification notification = new Notification(R.drawable.stat_sample, text,
System.currentTimeMillis());
// The PendingIntent to launch our activity if the user selects this notification
PendingIntent contentIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0,
new Intent(this, Controller.class), 0);
// Set the info for the views that show in the notification panel.
notification.setLatestEventInfo(this, getText(R.string.remote_service_label),
text, contentIntent);
// Send the notification.
// We use a string id because it is a unique number. We use it later to cancel.
mNM.notify(R.string.remote_service_started, notification);
}
}
Client code:
[java]
public class MessengerServiceActivities {
/**
* Example of binding and unbinding to the remote service.
* This demonstrates the implementation of a service which the client will
* bind to, interacting with it through an aidl interface.</p>
*
* <p>Note that this is implemented as an inner class only keep the sample
* all together; typically this code would appear in some separate class.
*/
public static class Binding extends Activity {
/** Messenger for communicating with service. */
Messenger mService = null;
/** Flag indicating whether we have called bind on the service. */
boolean mIsBound;
/** Some text view we are using to show state information. */
TextView mCallbackText;
/**
* Handler of incoming messages from service.
*/
class IncomingHandler extends Handler {
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
switch (msg.what) {
case MessengerService.MSG_SET_VALUE:
mCallbackText.setText("Received from service: " + msg.arg1);
break;
default:
super.handleMessage(msg);
}
}
}
/**
* Target we publish for clients to send messages to IncomingHandler.
*/
final Messenger mMessenger = new Messenger(new IncomingHandler());
/**
* Class for interacting with the main interface of the service.
*/
private ServiceConnection mConnection = new ServiceConnection() {
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName className,
IBinder service) {
// This is called when the connection with the service has been
// established, giving us the service object we can use to
// interact with the service. We are communicating with our
// service through an IDL interface, so get a client-side
// representation of that from the raw service object.
mService = new Messenger(service);
mCallbackText.setText("Attached.");
// We want to monitor the service for as long as we are
// connected to it.
try {
Message msg = Message.obtain(null,
MessengerService.MSG_REGISTER_CLIENT);
msg.replyTo = mMessenger;
mService.send(msg);
// Give it some value as an example.
msg = Message.obtain(null,
MessengerService.MSG_SET_VALUE, this.hashCode(), 0);
mService.send(msg);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
// In this case the service has crashed before we could even
// do anything with it; we can count on soon being
// disconnected (and then reconnected if it can be restarted)
// so there is no need to do anything here.
}
// As part of the sample, tell the user what happened.
Toast.makeText(Binding.this, R.string.remote_service_connected,
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName className) {
// This is called when the connection with the service has been
// unexpectedly disconnected -- that is, its process crashed.
mService = null;
mCallbackText.setText("Disconnected.");
// As part of the sample, tell the user what happened.
Toast.makeText(Binding.this, R.string.remote_service_disconnected,
Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
};
void doBindService() {
// Establish a connection with the service. We use an explicit
// class name because there is no reason to be able to let other
// applications replace our component.
bindService(new Intent(Binding.this,
MessengerService.class), mConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
mIsBound = true;
mCallbackText.setText("Binding.");
}
void doUnbindService() {
if (mIsBound) {
// If we have received the service, and hence registered with
// it, then now is the time to unregister.
if (mService != null) {
try {
Message msg = Message.obtain(null,
MessengerService.MSG_UNREGISTER_CLIENT);
msg.replyTo = mMessenger;
mService.send(msg);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
// There is nothing special we need to do if the service
// has crashed.
}
}
// Detach our existing connection.
unbindService(mConnection);
mIsBound = false;
mCallbackText.setText("Unbinding.");
}
}
/**
* Standard initialization of this activity. Set up the UI, then wait
* for the user to poke it before doing anything.
*/
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.messenger_service_binding);
// Watch for button clicks.
Button button = (Button)findViewById(R.id.bind);
button.setOnClickListener(mBindListener);
button = (Button)findViewById(R.id.unbind);
button.setOnClickListener(mUnbindListener);
mCallbackText = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.callback);
mCallbackText.setText("Not attached.");
}
private OnClickListener mBindListener = new OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(View v) {
doBindService();
}
};
private OnClickListener mUnbindListener = new OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(View v) {
doUnbindService();
}
};
}
}
register:
[html]
<service Android:name=".app.MessengerService"
android:process=":remote" />