數據共享是 volume 的關鍵特性,本節咱們詳細討論經過 volume 如何在容器與 host 之間,容器與容器之間共享數據。html
咱們有兩種類型的 data volume,它們都可實如今容器與 host 之間共享數據,但方式有所區別。對於 bind mount 是很是明確的:直接將要共享的目錄 mount 到容器。具體請參考前面 httpd 的例子,再也不贅述。web
docker managed volume 就要麻煩點。因爲 volume 位於 host 中的目錄,是在容器啓動時才生成,因此須要將共享數據拷貝到 volume 中。請看下面的例子:docker
root@cuiyongchao:~# docker run -d -p 85:80 -v /usr/local/apache2/htdocs/ httpd 196644fbfd1c93cbad5bfcfce6f05b2ad4645cbe455c50c66609631b0d299472 root@cuiyongchao:~# docker cp /root/htdocs/index.html 196644fbfd1c:/usr/local/apache2/htdocs root@cuiyongchao:~# curl 10.0.0.20:85 321 root@cuiyongchao:~# cat /root/htdocs/index.html 321 root@cuiyongchao:~#
docker cp
能夠在容器和 host 之間拷貝數據,固然咱們也能夠直接經過 Linux 的 cp
命令複製到 /var/lib/docker/volumes/xxx。apache
第一種方法是將共享數據放在 bind mount 中,而後將其 mount 到多個容器。仍是以 httpd 爲例,不過此次的場景複雜些,咱們要建立由三個 httpd 容器組成的 web server 集羣,它們使用相同的 html 文件,操做以下:curl
1.將 $HOME/htdocs mount 到三個 httpd 容器。tcp
root@cuiyongchao:~# docker run --name web1 -d -p 80 -v /root/htdocs/:/usr/local/apache2/htdocs httpd 70b7cbf68d1b03c6d35148383f00dc635ec6ef2c9ec140268ae1c9778aab9959 root@cuiyongchao:~# docker run --name web2 -d -p 80 -v /root/htdocs/:/usr/local/apache2/htdocs httpd 9cba816a7b440b4352cca3500c8b2ad6ad55e2250ea0387294abdaedf0499b1c root@cuiyongchao:~# docker run --name web3 -d -p 80 -v /root/htdocs/:/usr/local/apache2/htdocs httpd 3f69a2f33edfa13d1b30a00827ab21313a9e890c4ce15bafc6e6c51e8189edab
2.查看當前主頁內容。ui
root@cuiyongchao:~# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 3f69a2f33edf httpd "httpd-foreground" 12 seconds ago Up 10 seconds 0.0.0.0:32772->80/tcp web3 9cba816a7b44 httpd "httpd-foreground" 18 seconds ago Up 17 seconds 0.0.0.0:32771->80/tcp web2 70b7cbf68d1b httpd "httpd-foreground" 25 seconds ago Up 24 seconds 0.0.0.0:32770->80/tcp web1 root@cuiyongchao:~# curl 10.0.0.20:32770 321 root@cuiyongchao:~# curl 10.0.0.20:32771 321 root@cuiyongchao:~# curl 10.0.0.20:32772 321
3.修改 volume 中的主頁文件,再次查看並確認全部容器都使用了新的主頁。this
root@cuiyongchao:~# echo "this is changing volume."> /root/htdocs/index.html root@cuiyongchao:~# root@cuiyongchao:~# root@cuiyongchao:~# curl 10.0.0.20:32770 this is changing volume. root@cuiyongchao:~# curl 10.0.0.20:32771 this is changing volume. root@cuiyongchao:~# curl 10.0.0.20:32772 this is changing volume. root@cuiyongchao:~#
另外一種在容器之間共享數據的方式是使用 volume container,下節討論。url