首先在搭建一個網站後臺前,須要明確出一個合理的網頁搭建的結構框架,即從DB ==> Dao層 ==>Service層 ==>Control層 ==>View層(該層嚴格意義上不屬於後臺)當中,各層的概念和設計思路。前端
Dao層(Data Acess Object):所謂的Dao層,主要是網頁的數據持久層的工做,負責與數據庫進行聯絡的一些任務都封裝在此,包括網頁數據當中的增刪改查,DAO層的設計首先是設計DAO的接口的抽象,而後在Spring的配置文件中定義此接口的實現類,以後對於上一層的service層來講,不須要關注此接口的具體實現類是哪一個類,只須要關注這個接口能實現的功能便可,顯得結構很是清晰,DAO層的數據源配置,以及有關數據庫鏈接的參數都在Spring的配置文件中進行配置。 java
Service層:主要負責業務模塊的邏輯應用設計。一樣是首先設計接口,再設計其實現的類,接着再Spring的配置文件中配置其實現的關聯。這樣咱們就能夠在應用中調用Service接口來進行業務處理。Service層的業務實現,具體要調用到已定義的DAO層的接口,封裝Service層的業務邏輯有利於通用的業務邏輯的獨立性和重複利用性,程序顯得很是簡潔。mysql
Controller層:負責具體的業務模塊流程的控制,在此層裏面要調用Serice層的接口來控制業務流程,而且控制前端相應的操做以後,頁面須要如何跳轉,做出何種反應等。控制的配置也一樣是在Spring的配置文件裏面進行,針對具體的業務流程,會有不一樣的控制器,咱們具體的設計過程當中能夠將流程進行抽象概括,設計出能夠重複利用的子單元流程模塊,這樣不只使程序結構變得清晰,也大大減小了代碼量。web
View層:此層與控制層結合比較緊密,須要兩者結合起來協同工發。View層主要負責前臺jsp頁面的表示。spring
在本文當中介紹的例子當中,由於不存在太複雜的業務處理邏輯,因此不單獨抽象出Service層進行設計,即在本文當中,Service層和Dao層合併爲一層,負責處理簡單的業務。網頁主要功能是記錄在本網頁當中註冊的用戶之間的債務關係,而且有借債的詳情。做爲Admin的用戶可對其餘用戶數據進行管理。如下是網頁的效果圖:sql
首先是工程搭建,在eclipseEE下,建立一個Dynamic web project,以後將所須要用到的Spring和hibernate的jar包複製到 WEB-INF目錄下的lib文件夾當中,而且build the path,本文中採用的是Spring 4.2.5和Hibernate 5.1.0版本:數據庫
1.將Hibernate5.1.0根目錄下的 /lib/required和 /lib/java8目錄下的jar複製到上述WEB-INF目錄下的lib文件夾session
2.將Spring根目錄下的 /libs 下的全部jar包也引入到WEB-INF目錄下的lib文件夾,則開發環境搭建完畢。app
接下來根據咱們的網頁搭建的設計思路,首先須要設計DB的持久化結構,即數據庫的表結構,由於根據需求,咱們知道須要存儲網頁的註冊用戶信息,而且還要存儲各個用戶之間的欠債關係,因此至少須要兩張表格。表結構設計以下:框架
1.數據庫名moneyrecordsys。
2.表格MoneyRecordInfo
3.表格UserInfo
DB的持久化結構設計完成之後,咱們開始根據咱們須要的功能,抽象Dao當中的接口以及接口功能:
1.用戶信息的Dao接口,依據咱們的需求,咱們須要對用戶信息的表進行一下操做,常規的增刪改查,以及根據用戶名進行用戶查詢,根據密碼進行用戶查詢,查詢返回全部用戶等功能(在起初設計的時候,很難一次性想全全部的功能,因此咱們前文提出的設計思路,是一個反覆的過程,即在Dao接口設計完要去完成Control層的實現發現缺少某些功能的時候,還須要返回到Dao層進行添加)
package Fmu.wellhold.dao.ITF; import java.util.List; public interface UserInfoDaoITF { public void delete(Integer number); public List<Object>findAll(); public Object findByld(Integer number); public void insert(Object o); public void update(Object o); public List findByNamePwd(String id,String pwd); public boolean findByName(String id); }
2.債務信息的Dao接口,與用戶信息的Dao接口設計思路雷同,此處再也不進行贅述
package Fmu.wellhold.dao.ITF; import java.util.List; public interface MoneyRecordInfoDaoITF { public void delete(Integer number); public List<Object>findAll(); public Object findByld(Integer number); public void insert(Object o); public void update(Object o); }
以後是對Dao層接口的實現,在實現接口以前,咱們須要在Spring的配置文件當中,配置hibernate與數據庫的聯通,此處鏈接池咱們使用的是C3P0(注意引C3P0相應的jar包)。首先在Spring的配置數據庫鏈接池
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource" > <property name="driverClass"> <value>com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</value> </property> <property name="jdbcUrl"> <!-- <value>jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/moneyrecordsys?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8</value> <value>jdbc:mysql://123.206.82.174:3306/moneyrecordsys?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8</value> <value>jdbc:mysql://123.56.23.127:3306/moneyrecordsys?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8</value> --> <value>jdbc:mysql://123.56.23.127:3306/moneyrecordsys?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8</value> </property> <property name="user"> <value>root</value> </property> <property name="password"> <value>root</value> </property> <!--鏈接池中保留的最小鏈接數。--> <property name="minPoolSize" value="10"/> <!--鏈接池中保留的最大鏈接數。Default: 15 --> <property name="maxPoolSize" value="100"/> <!--最大空閒時間,1800秒內未使用則鏈接被丟棄。若爲0則永不丟棄。Default: 0 --> <property name="maxIdleTime" value="1800"/> <!--當鏈接池中的鏈接耗盡的時候c3p0一次同時獲取的鏈接數。Default: 3 --> <property name="acquireIncrement" value="3"/> <property name="maxStatements" value="1000"/> <property name="initialPoolSize" value="10"/> <!--每60秒檢查全部鏈接池中的空閒鏈接。Default: 0 --> <property name="idleConnectionTestPeriod" value="60"/> <!--定義在從數據庫獲取新鏈接失敗後重復嘗試的次數。Default: 30 --> <property name="acquireRetryAttempts" value="30"/> <property name="breakAfterAcquireFailure" value="true"/> <property name="testConnectionOnCheckout" value="false"/> </bean>
配置好鏈接池以後,咱們須要創建hibernate POJO類到數據的hbm映射配置文件。此處補充一個定義POJO類(POJO(Plain Ordinary Java Object)若是項目中使用了Hibernate框架,有一個關聯的xml文件,使對象與數據庫中的表對應,對象的屬性與表中的字段相對應。
package Fmu.wellhold.dao.pojo; import java.io.Serializable; import java.util.Date; public class MoneyRecordInfo implements Serializable{ private Integer number; private Integer money; private Date date; private String owner; private String debtor; private String remarks; public MoneyRecordInfo() { } public MoneyRecordInfo(Integer number, Integer money, Date date, String owner, String debtor, String remarks) { super(); this.number = number; this.money = money; this.date = date; this.owner = owner; this.debtor = debtor; this.remarks = remarks; } @Override public String toString() { return "MoneyRecordInfo [number=" + number + ", money=" + money + ", date=" + date + ", owner=" + owner + ", debtor=" + debtor + ", remarks=" + remarks + "]"; } public Integer getNumber() { return number; } public void setNumber(Integer number) { this.number = number; } public Integer getMoney() { return money; } public void setMoney(Integer money) { this.money = money; } public Date getDate() { return date; } public void setDate(Date date) { this.date = date; } public String getOwner() { return owner; } public void setOwner(String owner) { this.owner = owner; } public String getDebtor() { return debtor; } public void setDebtor(String debtor) { this.debtor = debtor; } public String getRemarks() { return remarks; } public void setRemarks(String remarks) { this.remarks = remarks; } }
package Fmu.wellhold.dao.pojo; import java.io.Serializable; import java.util.Date; public class UserInfo implements Serializable{ private Integer number; private String id; private String name; private String Sex; private Date birthday; private String come; private String pwd; private String remark; public UserInfo(){} public Integer getNumber() { return number; } public void setNumber(Integer number) { this.number = number; } public String getId() { return id; } public void setId(String id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getSex() { return Sex; } public void setSex(String sex) { Sex = sex; } public Date getBirthday() { return birthday; } public void setBirthday(Date birthday) { this.birthday = birthday; } public String getCome() { return come; } public void setCome(String come) { this.come = come; } public String getPwd() { return pwd; } public void setPwd(String pwd) { this.pwd = pwd; } public String getRemark() { return remark; } public void setRemark(String remark) { this.remark = remark; } public UserInfo(Integer number, String id, String name, String sex, Date birthday, String come, String pwd, String remark) { super(); this.number = number; this.id = id; this.name = name; Sex = sex; this.birthday = birthday; this.come = come; this.pwd = pwd; this.remark = remark; } @Override public String toString() { return "UserInfo [number=" + number + ", id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", Sex=" + Sex + ", birthday=" + birthday + ", come=" + come + ", pwd=" + pwd + ", remark=" + remark + "]"; } }
有了pojo類做爲數據庫條目到java的對象以後,須要創建相應的映射,即hbm.xml(此處如不熟悉什麼的hbm.xml概念的同窗,能夠自行查閱Hibernate的使用手冊)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping package="Fmu.wellhold.dao.pojo"> <class name="UserInfo" table="UserInfo"> <!-- 選擇pojo類 --> <id name="number" type="java.lang.Integer"> <column name="number"/> <generator class="native"/> </id> <!-- 配置序號,即主鍵的 --> <!-- 配置其餘項 --> <property name="id" type="java.lang.String"> <column name="id"> <comment>登錄名稱</comment> </column> </property> <property name="name" type="java.lang.String"> <column name="name"> <comment>姓名</comment> </column> </property> <property name="sex" type="java.lang.String"> <column name="sex"> <comment>性別</comment> </column> </property> <property name="birthday" type="java.util.Date"> <column name="birthday"> <comment>生日</comment> </column> </property> <property name="come" type="java.lang.String"> <column name="come"> <comment>報道時間</comment> </column> </property> <property name="pwd" type="java.lang.String"> <column name="pwd"> <comment>密碼</comment> </column> </property> <property name="remark" type="java.lang.String"> <column name="remark"> <comment>我的介紹</comment> </column> </property> </class> </hibernate-mapping>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping package="Fmu.wellhold.dao.pojo"> <class name="MoneyRecordInfo" table="MoneyRecordInfo"> <id name="number" type="java.lang.Integer"> <column name="number"/> <generator class="native"/> </id> <property name="date" type="java.util.Date"> <column name="date"> <comment>欠款日期</comment> </column> </property> <property name="owner" type="java.lang.String"> <column name="owner"> <comment>出錢人</comment> </column> </property> <property name="debtor" type="java.lang.String"> <column name="debtor"> <comment>欠債人</comment> </column> </property> <property name="money" type="java.lang.Integer"> <column name="money"> <comment>金額</comment> </column> </property> <property name="remarks" type="java.lang.String"> <column name="remarks"> <comment>備註</comment> </column> </property> </class> </hibernate-mapping>
由於hibernate是經過對Session這個接口去對數據庫進行增刪改查的操做的,創建好數據庫到對象的映射以後,還須要在Spring的配置文件中,配置hibernate的sessionFactory:
<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.LocalSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/> <property name="mappingResources"> <list> <value>Fmu/wellhold/hbm/UserInfo.hbm.xml</value> <value>Fmu/wellhold/hbm/MoneyRecordInfo.hbm.xml</value> <!-- 能夠直接索引到代碼目錄 --> </list> </property> <property name="hibernateProperties"> <props> <prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect</prop> <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">false</prop> <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop> <prop key="hibernate.format_sql">false</prop> </props> </property> </bean>
以後在註冊一個對於基於該session的事務管理器,便可開始咱們的後臺Dao層的接口實現工做
<bean id="txManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.HibernateTransactionManager"> <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"></property> </bean> <!-- 開啓TX的註釋模式,加載註釋驅動 --> <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="txManager"/>
首先實現債務信息接口功能:
package Fmu.wellhold.dao.service; import java.util.ArrayList; import java.util.List; import javax.annotation.Resource; import org.hibernate.SessionFactory; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation; import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional; import Fmu.wellhold.dao.ITF.MoneyRecordInfoDaoITF; import Fmu.wellhold.dao.pojo.MoneyRecordInfo; @Transactional @Service("moneyRecordInfoService") public class MoneyRecordInfoService implements MoneyRecordInfoDaoITF { @Resource private SessionFactory sessionFactory; @Override @Transactional(propagation=Propagation.REQUIRED) public void delete(Integer number) { MoneyRecordInfo moneyRecordInfo = (MoneyRecordInfo)sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().get(MoneyRecordInfo.class, number); sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().delete(moneyRecordInfo); } @Override @Transactional(propagation=Propagation.REQUIRED) public List<Object> findAll() { List list = new ArrayList<>(); list=sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().createQuery("from MoneyRecordInfo").list(); return list; } @Override @Transactional(propagation=Propagation.REQUIRED) public Object findByld(Integer number) { MoneyRecordInfo moneyRecordInfo = (MoneyRecordInfo)sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().get(MoneyRecordInfo.class, number); return moneyRecordInfo; } @Override @Transactional(propagation=Propagation.REQUIRED) public void insert(Object o) { System.out.println("o:"+o.toString()); sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().save(o); } @Override @Transactional(propagation=Propagation.REQUIRED) public void update(Object o) { System.out.println("update"+o.toString()); sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().update(o); } }
以後是用戶信息的接口代碼:
package Fmu.wellhold.dao.service; import java.util.List; import javax.annotation.Resource; import org.hibernate.SessionFactory; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation; import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional; import Fmu.wellhold.dao.ITF.UserInfoDaoITF; import Fmu.wellhold.dao.pojo.UserInfo; @Transactional @Service("UserInfoService") public class UserInfoService implements UserInfoDaoITF { @Resource private SessionFactory sessionFactory; @Override @Transactional(propagation=Propagation.REQUIRED) public void delete(Integer number) { UserInfo user = (UserInfo)sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().get(UserInfo.class,number); sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().delete(user); } @Override @Transactional(propagation=Propagation.REQUIRED,readOnly=true) public List<Object> findAll() { List list = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().createQuery("from UserInfo").list(); return list; } @Override @Transactional(propagation=Propagation.REQUIRED,readOnly=true) public Object findByld(Integer number) { UserInfo user=(UserInfo)sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().get(UserInfo.class, number); return user; } @Override @Transactional(propagation=Propagation.REQUIRED) public void insert(Object o) { sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().save(o); } @Override @Transactional(propagation=Propagation.REQUIRED) public void update(Object o) { sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().update(o); } @Override @Transactional(propagation=Propagation.REQUIRED,readOnly=true) public List findByNamePwd(String id1, String pwd) { List list = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().createQuery("FROM UserInfo WHERE id='"+id1+"' AND pwd='"+pwd+"'").list(); return list; } @Override public boolean findByName(String id) { List list = sessionFactory.getCurrentSession().createQuery("FROM UserInfo WHERE id="+id+"").list(); if(list.isEmpty())return true; return false; } }
將兩個實現類註冊到Spring的配置文件當中,利用@Service註解的方式,只須要在Spring的配置文件beans.xml當中添加如下聲明便可:
<!-- 開啓Spring註釋功能,掃描下包當中是否含有註釋項 --> <context:annotation-config/> <context:component-scan base-package="Fmu.wellhold.controller"/> <context:component-scan base-package="Fmu.wellhold.dao.service"/>
至此,咱們的Dao層(本例中Service層與Dao層不進行區分)就已經實現完成,能夠經過一個測試例進行測試
package Fmu.wellhold.controller; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; import Fmu.wellhold.dao.ITF.MoneyRecordInfoDaoITF; import Fmu.wellhold.dao.ITF.UserInfoDaoITF; public class BackGroundTest { private static UserInfoDaoITF userInfoDaoITF; private static MoneyRecordInfoDaoITF moneyRecordInfoDaoITF; public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext ctx=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml"); System.out.println(">>>> 測試SpringMVC後臺功能"); userInfoDaoITF=(UserInfoDaoITF)ctx.getBean("UserInfoService"); moneyRecordInfoDaoITF=(MoneyRecordInfoDaoITF)ctx.getBean("moneyRecordInfoService"); System.out.println(userInfoDaoITF.findByld(1)); System.out.println(moneyRecordInfoDaoITF.findAll().size()); } }
若是能返回正確數據,說明咱們DAO層就已經搭建完成。