一文搞懂GitLab安裝部署及服務配置

GitLab安裝部署

Git，GitHub，GitLab，這三個東東長得好像呀，都是個啥？

Git是Linus Torvalds(若是不知道這位大神是誰，請出門左轉，慢走不送~)爲了幫助管理Linux內核而開發的一個開放源代碼的版本控制軟件。

GitHub，又名全球最大同行交友軟件(O(∩_∩)O哈哈~)，是一個面向開源及私有項目的託管平臺，由於僅僅支持Git做爲惟一的版本庫格式，故名GitHub。

GitLab是由GitLabInc.開發的，是基於MIT許可證的Git倉庫管理工具，具備Wiki和Issue跟蹤功能，目前有企業版和社區版兩個分支，對於我的來講，社區版應該是徹底夠用的。

其實，簡單來講，能夠把GitLab看作是個我的版的GitHub，也就是說，能夠在本身服務器上部署一套GitLab服務，該服務能夠提供代碼倉庫託管等功能，用法與GibHub基本一致。

GitLab安裝

# 安裝並配置必要的依賴
[root@cos ~]# yum install -y curl policycoreutils-python openssh-server
[root@cos ~]# systemctl enable sshd
[root@cos ~]# systemctl start sshd
# CentOS7系統中，在防火牆打開場景下，打開HTTP, HTTPS和SSH訪問
[root@cos ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http
[root@cos ~]# firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=https
[root@cos ~]# systemctl reload firewalld

# 安裝Postfix，用來發送通知郵件
[root@cos ~]# yum install postfix
[root@cos ~]# systemctl enable postfix
[root@cos ~]# systemctl start postfix

注意：爲了不下載失敗致使GitLab安裝失敗，能夠配置清華鏡像，鏡像配置操做以下

# GitLab Community Edition鏡像使用幫助
# https://mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/gitlab-ce/
# 1. 新建/etc/yum.repos.d/gitlab-ce.repo, 內容以下
[gitlab-ce]
name=Gitlab CE Repository
baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/gitlab-ce/yum/el$releasever/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1

使用yum安裝GitLab社區版

# yum安裝GitLab社區版
[root@cos ~]# yum makecache
[root@cos ~]# yum install gitlab-ce
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
 * epel: hkg.mirror.rackspace.com
 * extras: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
 * updates: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package gitlab-ce.x86_64 0:12.9.1-ce.0.el7 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

=========================================================================================
 Package        Arch        Version            Repository        Size
=========================================================================================
Installing:
 gitlab-ce      x86_64      12.9.1-ce.0.el7    gitlab-ce         721 M

Transaction Summary
=========================================================================================
Install  1 Package

Total download size: 721 M
Installed size: 721 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]: y
Downloading packages:
gitlab-ce-12.9.1-ce.0.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                    | 721 MB  00:01:49     
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  Installing : gitlab-ce-12.9.1-ce.0.el7.x86_64                                                            1/1 
It looks like GitLab has not been configured yet; skipping the upgrade script.

       *.                  *.
      ***                 ***
     *****               *****
    .******             *******
    ********            ********
   ,,,,,,,,,***********,,,,,,,,,
  ,,,,,,,,,,,*********,,,,,,,,,,,
  .,,,,,,,,,,,*******,,,,,,,,,,,,
      ,,,,,,,,,*****,,,,,,,,,.
         ,,,,,,,****,,,,,,
            .,,,***,,,,
                ,*,.
  


     _______ __  __          __
    / ____(_) /_/ /   ____ _/ /_
   / / __/ / __/ /   / __ `/ __ \
  / /_/ / / /_/ /___/ /_/ / /_/ /
  \____/_/\__/_____/\__,_/_.___/
  

Thank you for installing GitLab!

GitLab was unable to detect a valid hostname for your instance.
Please configure a URL for your GitLab instance by setting `external_url`
configuration in /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb file.
Then, you can start your GitLab instance by running the following command:
  sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure
For a comprehensive list of configuration options please see the Omnibus GitLab readme
https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/omnibus-gitlab/blob/master/README.md
GitLab now ships with a newer version of PostgreSQL (11.7), but it is not yet
enabled by default. To upgrade, please see:
https://docs.gitlab.com/omnibus/settings/database.html#upgrade-packaged-postgresql-server

Verifying  : gitlab-ce-12.9.1-ce.0.el7.x86_64                                                            1/1 

Installed:
  gitlab-ce.x86_64 0:12.9.1-ce.0.el7                                                                           

Complete!

安裝完成後，重點關注下面提示信息：

GitLab was unable to detect a valid hostname for your instance.
GitLab沒法爲你的GitLab檢測到有效的主機名。

Please configure a URL for your GitLab instance by setting `external_url`
configuration in /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb file.
請經過配置`external_url`爲你的GitLab實例配置一個URL，該配置項在/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb文件中。

Then, you can start your GitLab instance by running the following command:
  sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure
而後，經過運行sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure啓動你的GitLab實例

注意：配置完成後，須要使用sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure命令從新配置並啓動GitLab實例才行。

在GitLab安裝完成後，首次登陸時，須要配置GitLab管理員密碼，以下圖所示。

注意：管理員帳號爲root，管理員密碼很是重要，是維護GitLab服務的重要帳戶，儘可能不要搞忘了。

GitLab配置及內存優化

根據上面的安裝步驟安裝完成後後，啓動GitLab實例後，你可能會想，這下能夠愉快的與GitLab玩耍了吧、

砰，一大盆涼水澆過來、

GitLab是很是吃內存和服務器性能的，爲了在本身主機或者虛擬機上正常啓動和訪問，須要進行下面配置和調優。

先看下官方給出的推薦CPU，內存配置：

GitLab推薦至少2核CPU，只有1核的話，可能會致使GitLab服務卡死，沒法正常對外服務。

由上可知，內存配置主要影響GitLab服務的併發用戶數量，對於本身使用來講，感受2GB徹底夠用了。

GitLab配置文件路徑：/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb。下面對GitLab關鍵配置進行修改：

## GitLab URL
##! URL on which GitLab will be reachable.
##! 用戶訪問GitLab的URL地址
external_url 'http://cos'

###! Minimum worker_processes is 2 at this moment
###! GitLab默認開啓進程數爲CPU核數+1，能夠提升服務器的相應時間，太吃內存
###! GitLab的最小工做進程，該參數最小值爲2，設爲1可能致使服務器卡死
unicorn['worker_processes'] = 2

### **Only change these settings if you understand well what they mean**
###! 工程進程的內存限制，默認最小爲400MB，最大爲650MB
unicorn['worker_memory_limit_min'] = "200 * 1 << 20"
unicorn['worker_memory_limit_max'] = "300 * 1 << 20"

# sidekiq併發數默認值爲25
sidekiq['concurrency'] = 5

###! Changing any of these settings requires a restart of postgresql.
###! By default, reconfigure reloads postgresql if it is running. If you
###! change any of these settings, be sure to run `gitlab-ctl restart postgresql`
###! after reconfigure in order for the changes to take effect.
##! **recommend value is 1/4 of total RAM, up to 14GB.**
##! 數據庫緩存，默認值爲256MB
##！推薦值爲1/4的RAM大小，按推薦值確定崩了
postgresql['shared_buffers'] = "128MB"
##! 數據庫併發數
postgresql['max_worker_processes'] = 4

GitLab啓動

GitLab安裝配置完成後，咱們能夠經過gitlab-ctl start命令啓動，gitlab-ctl stop命令中止GitLab服務。

# 查看GitLab服務狀態
[root@cos ~]# gitlab-ctl status
run: gitaly: (pid 2202) 830s; run: log: (pid 2201) 830s
run: gitlab-workhorse: (pid 2212) 830s; run: log: (pid 2211) 830s
run: logrotate: (pid 2217) 830s; run: log: (pid 2214) 830s
run: nginx: (pid 2198) 830s; run: log: (pid 2197) 830s
run: postgresql: (pid 2204) 830s; run: log: (pid 2203) 830s
run: redis: (pid 2213) 830s; run: log: (pid 2210) 830s
run: sidekiq: (pid 2195) 830s; run: log: (pid 2193) 830s
run: unicorn: (pid 2196) 830s; run: log: (pid 2194) 830s

GitLab服務啓動後，咱們能夠經過Web頁面訪問GitLab服務。

接下來，會專門再寫一篇博客講述如何在Windows上經過Git客戶端像訪問GitHub同樣訪問GitLab，敬請期待~