CentOS7.5安裝MySQL5.7

前言

centos7是最小化安裝。安裝在vm虛擬機上面。關於centos7的安裝請參考這裏

信息統計

• 下載地址：dev.mysql.com/downloads/m…
• 軟件版本：mysql-5.7.24
• 安裝地址：默認地址，即分散安裝到不少目錄
• 配置文件地址：/etc/my.cnf
• 日誌文檔地址：見配置文件
• 佔用端口：3306

安裝

• 檢查安裝環境，卸載默認的數據庫。這一步必定要執行，否則安裝MySQL時會出現錯誤。

[root@home ~]# rpm -qa|grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
[root@home ~]# rpm -e mariadb-libs-* --nodeps
[root@home ~]# rpm -qa|grep mariadb
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• 將下載好的mysql安裝包使用filezilla上傳到/opt/packages/目錄下

• 解壓

[root@home ~]# cd /opt/packages/
[root@home packages]# mkdir mysql5.7.24
[root@home packages]# tar xvf mysql-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar -C mysql5.7.24/
mysql-community-common-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-minimal-debuginfo-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-compat-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-embedded-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-devel-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-client-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-server-minimal-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
mysql-community-test-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@home packages]# ll mysql5.7.24/
總用量 585024
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415  25398288 10月  5 2018 mysql-community-client-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415    280896 10月  5 2018 mysql-community-common-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415   3840412 10月  5 2018 mysql-community-devel-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415  46773880 10月  5 2018 mysql-community-embedded-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415  24078240 10月  5 2018 mysql-community-embedded-compat-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 130082964 10月  5 2018 mysql-community-embedded-devel-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415   2272368 10月  5 2018 mysql-community-libs-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415   2116016 10月  5 2018 mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415  56029544 10月  5 2018 mysql-community-minimal-debuginfo-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 173096508 10月  5 2018 mysql-community-server-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415  15167212 10月  5 2018 mysql-community-server-minimal-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 7155 31415 119909528 10月  5 2018 mysql-community-test-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
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• 安裝

[root@home packages]# cd mysql5.7.24/
[root@home mysql5.7.24]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@home mysql5.7.24]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@home mysql5.7.24]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@home mysql5.7.24]# yum install -y net-tools perl
[root@home mysql5.7.24]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-5.7.24-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
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• 初始化，並啓動服務

[root@home mysql5.7.24]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql
[root@home mysql5.7.24]# cat /var/log/mysqld.log
2020-03-24T13:25:15.230964Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details).
2020-03-24T13:25:17.017911Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790
2020-03-24T13:25:17.269972Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.
2020-03-24T13:25:17.365912Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: e6f5e9e9-6dd2-11ea-a81b-000c2932737f.
2020-03-24T13:25:17.370666Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed' cannot be opened.
2020-03-24T13:25:17.414665Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: *.ytw&qr+3N3

*.ytw&qr+3N3 就是生成的默認的密碼。

[root@home mysql5.7.24]# systemctl status mysqld
[root@home mysql5.7.24]# systemctl start mysqld
[root@home mysql5.7.24]# systemctl status mysqld
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• 分配權限
  • 爲root用戶設置新密碼：root@2020&*(
  • 建立只具備增刪改查的遠程登陸用戶test：test!@#
  • 建立具備所有權限的admin用戶：admin@2020!@#
  • 【optional】爲root用戶設置遠程登陸權限

// 使用root登陸
[root@home mysql5.7.24]# mysql -uroot -p

// 修改root密碼
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'root@2020&*(';

// 建立只具備增刪改查的遠程登陸用戶test
mysql> create user 'test'@'%' identified by 'test!@#';
mysql> grant select, insert, update, delete on *.* to 'test'@'%';
mysql> flush privileges;

// 建立具備所有權限的admin用戶
mysql> create user 'admin'@'%' identified by 'admin@2020!@#';
mysql> grant all on *.* to 'admin'@'%' identified by 'admin@2020!@#';
mysql> flush privileges;

// 設置root遠程登陸權限【未執行】
mysql> grant all on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'root@2020&*(';
mysql> flush privileges;
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• 關閉服務

[root@home mysql5.7.24]# systemctl status mysqld
[root@home mysql5.7.24]# systemctl stop mysqld
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• 修改配置文件，修改配置文件以前必定要先關閉服務。

具體能夠查看MySql5.7配置文件my.cnf設置。修改後的以下：

[root@dev ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
[mysqld]
#
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
#
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
#
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
# 設置表名不區分大小寫
lower_case_table_names=1
# 修改默認值，以達到5.6與5.7兼容的目的
sql_mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
# 數據庫默認字符集,主流字符集支持一些特殊表情符號（特殊表情符佔用4個字節）
character-set-server=utf8mb4
# 數據庫字符集對應一些排序等規則，注意要和character-set-server對應
collation-server=utf8mb4_general_ci
# 設置默認存儲引擎
default-storage-engine=INNODB
# 設置最大鏈接數
max_connections=1000
# 設置client鏈接mysql時的字符集,防止亂碼
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4'
#TIMESTAMP若是沒有顯示聲明NOT NULL，容許NULL值
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true
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• 啓動服務

[root@home mysql5.7.24]# systemctl start mysqld
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• 開放端口

[root@home mysql5.7.24]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
success
[root@home mysql5.7.24]# firewall-cmd --reload
success
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• 刪除安裝包

[root@home mysql5.7.24]# cd ..
[root@home packages]# rm -rf ./*
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注意，不要刪除錯了。

• 測試

使用navicat鏈接到MySQL上面測試鏈接，過程略。

注意事項：

1. mysqld是mysql5.7的服務器進程，在初始化以前是不能啓動的。
2. 進行配置文件中的設置時，能夠根據公司各自需求進行自定義設置。
3. 安裝完成以後要刪除安裝包。
4. utf8mb4字符集

1. MySQL中的utf-8並非真正意義上的utf-8,它只能存儲1~3個字節長度的utf-8編碼，而存儲4個字節的必須用utf8mb4(mysql>=5.5.3支持)，不然會出現亂碼。例如在微信管理系統中，消息文本使用了emoji表情:符號，必須使用utf8mb4進行儲存。 2.注意最大字符長度：以INNODB爲基礎，utf8最長VARCHAR(255)，utf8mb4最長爲VARCHAR(191)。
2. 要求在的mysql>=5.5.3版本，表、字段必須使用utf8mb4字符集和utf8mb4整理。

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