Python任務調度模塊APScheduler

介紹

官網文檔:http://apscheduler.readthedoc...
API:http://apscheduler.readthedoc...html

APScheduler是一個python的第三方庫,用來提供python的後臺程序。包含四個組件,分別是:python

  • triggers: 任務觸發器組件,提供任務觸發方式react

  • job stores: 任務商店組件,提供任務保存方式linux

  • executors: 任務調度組件,提供任務調度方式redis

  • schedulers: 任務調度組件,提供任務工做方式sql

安裝

pip 安裝mongodb

$ pip install apscheduler

源碼安裝框架

$ python setup.py install

簡單的實例

from apscheduler.schedulers.blocking import BlockingScheduler
import time

# 實例化一個調度器
scheduler = BlockingScheduler()
 
def job1():
    print "%s: 執行任務"  % time.asctime()

# 添加任務並設置觸發方式爲3s一次
scheduler.add_job(job1, 'interval', seconds=3)

# 開始運行調度器
scheduler.start()

輸出:async

$ python first.py
Fri Sep  8 20:41:55 2017: 執行任務
Fri Sep  8 20:41:58 2017: 執行任務
...

各組件功能

trigger組件

trigger提供任務的觸發方式,共三種方式:tornado

  • date:只在某個時間點執行一次run_date(datetime|str)

scheduler.add_job(my_job, 'date', run_date=date(2017, 9, 8), args=[])
scheduler.add_job(my_job, 'date', run_date=datetime(2017, 9, 8, 21, 30, 5), args=[])
scheduler.add_job(my_job, 'date', run_date='2017-9-08 21:30:05', args=[])
# The 'date' trigger and datetime.now() as run_date are implicit
sched.add_job(my_job, args=[[])
  • interval: 每隔一段時間執行一次weeks=0 | days=0 | hours=0 | minutes=0 | seconds=0, start_date=None, end_date=None, timezone=None

scheduler.add_job(my_job, 'interval', hours=2)
scheduler.add_job(my_job, 'interval', hours=2, start_date='2017-9-8 21:30:00', end_date='2018-06-15 21:30:00)

@scheduler.scheduled_job('interval', id='my_job_id', hours=2)
def my_job():
    print("Hello World")
  • cron: 使用同linux下crontab的方式(year=None, month=None, day=None, week=None, day_of_week=None, hour=None, minute=None, second=None, start_date=None, end_date=None, timezone=None)

sched.add_job(my_job, 'cron', hour=3, minute=30)
sched.add_job(my_job, 'cron', day_of_week='mon-fri', hour=5, minute=30, end_date='2017-10-30')

@sched.scheduled_job('cron', id='my_job_id', day='last sun')
def some_decorated_task():
    print("I am printed at 00:00:00 on the last Sunday of every month!")

scheduler組件

scheduler組件提供執行的方式,在不一樣的運用環境中選擇合適的方式

  • BlockingScheduler: 進程中只運行調度器時的方式

from apscheduler.schedulers.blocking import BlockingScheduler
import time

scheduler = BlockingScheduler()
 
def job1():
    print "%s: 執行任務"  % time.asctime()

scheduler.add_job(job1, 'interval', seconds=3)
scheduler.start()
  • BackgroundScheduler: 不想使用任何框架時的方式

from apscheduler.schedulers.background import BackgroundScheduler
import time

scheduler = BackgroundScheduler()
 
def job1():
    print "%s: 執行任務"  % time.asctime()

scheduler.add_job(job1, 'interval', seconds=3)
scheduler.start()

while True:
    pass
  • AsyncIOScheduler: asyncio module的方式(Python3)

from apscheduler.schedulers.asyncio import AsyncIOScheduler
try:
    import asyncio
except ImportError:
    import trollius as asyncio
...
...
# while True:pass 
try:
    asyncio.get_event_loop().run_forever()
except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
    pass
  • GeventScheduler: gevent方式

from apscheduler.schedulers.gevent import GeventScheduler

...
...

g = scheduler.start()
# while True:pass
try:
    g.join()
except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
    pass
  • TornadoScheduler: Tornado方式

from tornado.ioloop import IOLoop
from apscheduler.schedulers.tornado import TornadoScheduler

...
...

# while True:pass
try:
    IOLoop.instance().start()
except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
    pass
  • TwistedScheduler: Twisted方式

from twisted.internet import reactor
from apscheduler.schedulers.twisted import TwistedScheduler

...
...

# while True:pass
try:
    reactor.run()
except (KeyboardInterrupt, SystemExit):
    pass
  • QtScheduler: Qt方式

executors組件

executors組件提供任務的調度方式

  • base

  • debug

  • gevent

  • pool(max_workers=10)

  • twisted

jobstore組件

jobstore提供任務的各類持久化方式

  • base

  • memory

  • mongodb
    scheduler.add_jobstore('mongodb', collection='example_jobs')

  • redis
    scheduler.add_jobstore('redis', jobs_key='example.jobs', run_times_key='example.run_times')

  • rethinkdb
    scheduler.add_jobstore('rethinkdb', database='apscheduler_example')

  • sqlalchemy
    scheduler.add_jobstore('sqlalchemy', url=url)

  • zookeeper
    scheduler.add_jobstore('zookeeper', path='/example_jobs')

任務操做

添加任務add_job(如上)

若是使用了任務的存儲,開啓時最好添加replace_existing=True,不然每次開啓都會建立任務的副本
開啓後任務不會立刻啓動,可修改trigger參數

刪除任務remove_job

# 根據任務實例刪除
job = scheduler.add_job(myfunc, 'interval', minutes=2)
job.remove()

# 根據任務id刪除
scheduler.add_job(myfunc, 'interval', minutes=2, id='my_job_id')
scheduler.remove_job('my_job_id')

任務的暫停pause_job和繼續resume_job

job = scheduler.add_job(myfunc, 'interval', minutes=2)
# 根據任務實例
job.pause()
job.resume()

# 根據任務id暫停
scheduler.add_job(myfunc, 'interval', minutes=2, id='my_job_id')
scheduler.pause_job('my_job_id')
scheduler.resume_job('my_job_id')

任務的修飾modify和重設reschedule_job

修飾:job.modify(max_instances=6, name='Alternate name')
重設:scheduler.reschedule_job('my_job_id', trigger='cron', minute='*/5')

調度器操做

  • 開啓 scheduler.start()

  • 關閉 scheduler.shotdown(wait=True | False)

  • 暫停 scheduler.pause()

  • 繼續 scheduler.resume()

  • 監聽 http://apscheduler.readthedoc...

def my_listener(event):
    if event.exception:
        print('The job crashed :(')
    else:
        print('The job worked :)')

scheduler.add_listener(my_listener, EVENT_JOB_EXECUTED | EVENT_JOB_ERROR)

官方實例

from pytz import utc

from apscheduler.schedulers.background import BackgroundScheduler
from apscheduler.jobstores.mongodb import MongoDBJobStore
from apscheduler.jobstores.sqlalchemy import SQLAlchemyJobStore
from apscheduler.executors.pool import ThreadPoolExecutor, ProcessPoolExecutor


jobstores = {
    'mongo': MongoDBJobStore(),
    'default': SQLAlchemyJobStore(url='sqlite:///jobs.sqlite')
}
executors = {
    'default': ThreadPoolExecutor(20),
    'processpool': ProcessPoolExecutor(5)
}
job_defaults = {
    'coalesce': False,
    'max_instances': 3
}
scheduler = BackgroundScheduler(jobstores=jobstores, executors=executors, job_defaults=job_defaults, timezone=utc)
相關文章
相關標籤/搜索