1.安裝
pip install apscheduler
安裝完畢html
2. 簡單任務
首先,來個最簡單的例子,看看它的威力。git
1 # coding:utf-8 2 from apscheduler.schedulers.blocking import BlockingScheduler 3 import datetime 4 5 6 def aps_test(): 7 print datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'), '你好' 8 9 10 scheduler = BlockingScheduler() 11 scheduler.add_job(func=aps_test, trigger='cron', second='*/5') 12 scheduler.start()
看代碼,定義一個函數,而後定義一個scheduler類型,添加一個job,而後執行,就能夠了,代碼是否是超級簡單,並且很是清晰。看看結果吧。github
5秒整倍數,就執行這個函數,是否是超級超級簡單?對了,apscheduler就是通俗易懂。web
再寫一個帶參數的。express
1 # coding:utf-8 2 from apscheduler.schedulers.blocking import BlockingScheduler 3 import datetime 4 5 6 def aps_test(x): 7 print datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'), x 8 9 scheduler = BlockingScheduler() 10 scheduler.add_job(func=aps_test, args=('你好',), trigger='cron', second='*/5') 11 scheduler.start()
結果跟上面同樣的。安全
好了,上面只是給你們看的小例子,咱們先從頭到位梳理一遍吧。apscheduler分爲4個模塊,分別是Triggers,Job stores,Executors,Schedulers.從上面的例子咱們就能夠看出來了,triggers就是觸發器,上面的代碼中,用了cron,其實還有其餘觸發器,看看它的源碼解釋。異步
The ``trigger`` argument can either be: #. the alias name of the trigger (e.g. ``date``, ``interval`` or ``cron``), in which case any extra keyword arguments to this method are passed on to the trigger's constructor #. an instance of a trigger class
看見沒有,源碼中解釋說,有date, interval, cron可供選擇,其實看字面意思也能夠知道,date表示具體的一次性任務,interval表示循環任務,cron表示定時任務,好了,分別寫個代碼看看效果最明顯。ide
1 # coding:utf-8 2 from apscheduler.schedulers.blocking import BlockingScheduler 3 import datetime 4 5 6 def aps_test(x): 7 print datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'), x 8 9 scheduler = BlockingScheduler() 10 scheduler.add_job(func=aps_test, args=('定時任務',), trigger='cron', second='*/5') 11 scheduler.add_job(func=aps_test, args=('一次性任務',), next_run_time=datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(seconds=12)) 12 scheduler.add_job(func=aps_test, args=('循環任務',), trigger='interval', seconds=3) 13 14 scheduler.start()
看看結果函數
其實應該不用我解釋代碼,你們也能夠看出結果了,很是清晰。除了一次性任務,trigger是不要寫的,直接定義next_run_time就能夠了,關於date這部分,官網沒有解釋,可是去看看源碼吧,看這行代碼。post
1 def _create_trigger(self, trigger, trigger_args): 2 if isinstance(trigger, BaseTrigger): 3 return trigger 4 elif trigger is None: 5 trigger = 'date' 6 elif not isinstance(trigger, six.string_types): 7 raise TypeError('Expected a trigger instance or string, got %s instead' % trigger.__class__.__name__) 8 9 # Use the scheduler's time zone if nothing else is specified 10 trigger_args.setdefault('timezone', self.timezone) 11 12 # Instantiate the trigger class 13 return self._create_plugin_instance('trigger', trigger, trigger_args)
第4行,若是trigger爲None,直接定義trigger爲'date'類型。其實弄到這裏,你們應該本身拓展一下,若是實現web的異步任務。假設接到一個移動端任務,任務完成後,發送一個推送到移動端,用date類型的trigger完成能夠作的很好。
3.日誌
好了,scheduler的基本應用,我想你們已經會了,但這僅僅只是開始。若是代碼有意外咋辦?會阻斷整個任務嗎?若是我要計算密集型的任務咋辦?下面有個代碼,咱們看看會發生什麼狀況。
1 # coding:utf-8 2 from apscheduler.schedulers.blocking import BlockingScheduler 3 import datetime 4 5 6 def aps_test(x): 7 print 1/0 8 print datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'), x 9 10 scheduler = BlockingScheduler() 11 scheduler.add_job(func=aps_test, args=('定時任務',), trigger='cron', second='*/5') 12 13 scheduler.start()
仍是上面代碼,但咱們中間故意加了個錯誤,看看會發生什麼狀況。
說咱們沒有log文件,好吧,咱們添加一個log文件,看看寫的什麼。
![](http://static.javashuo.com/static/loading.gif)
1 # coding:utf-8 2 from apscheduler.schedulers.blocking import BlockingScheduler 3 import datetime 4 import logging 5 6 logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, 7 format='%(asctime)s %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s %(message)s', 8 datefmt='%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', 9 filename='log1.txt', 10 filemode='a') 11 12 13 def aps_test(x): 14 print 1/0 15 print datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'), x 16 17 scheduler = BlockingScheduler() 18 scheduler.add_job(func=aps_test, args=('定時任務',), trigger='cron', second='*/5') 19 scheduler._logger = logging 20 scheduler.start()
終於能夠看到了,這時候纔看到錯誤,這個是必定要注意的。
其實,到這裏,徹底能夠執行大多數任務了,但咱們爲了效率,安全性,再往下面看看,還有什麼。
4.刪除任務
假設咱們有個奇葩任務,要求執行必定階段任務之後,刪除某一個循環任務,其餘任務照常進行。有以下代碼:
![](http://static.javashuo.com/static/loading.gif)
1 # coding:utf-8 2 from apscheduler.schedulers.blocking import BlockingScheduler 3 import datetime 4 import logging 5 6 logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, 7 format='%(asctime)s %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s %(message)s', 8 datefmt='%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', 9 filename='log1.txt', 10 filemode='a') 11 12 13 def aps_test(x): 14 print datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'), x 15 16 17 def aps_date(x): 18 scheduler.remove_job('interval_task') 19 print datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'), x 20 21 22 scheduler = BlockingScheduler() 23 scheduler.add_job(func=aps_test, args=('定時任務',), trigger='cron', second='*/5', id='cron_task') 24 scheduler.add_job(func=aps_date, args=('一次性任務,刪除循環任務',), next_run_time=datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(seconds=12), id='date_task') 25 scheduler.add_job(func=aps_test, args=('循環任務',), trigger='interval', seconds=3, id='interval_task') 26 scheduler._logger = logging 27 28 scheduler.start()
看看結果,
在運行過程當中,成功刪除某一個任務,其實就是爲每一個任務定義一個id,而後remove_job這個id,是否是超級簡單,直觀?那還有什麼呢?
5.中止任務,恢復任務
看看官方文檔,還有pause_job, resume_job,用法跟remove_job同樣,這邊就不詳細介紹了,就寫個代碼。
![](http://static.javashuo.com/static/loading.gif)
1 # coding:utf-8 2 from apscheduler.schedulers.blocking import BlockingScheduler 3 import datetime 4 import logging 5 6 logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, 7 format='%(asctime)s %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s %(message)s', 8 datefmt='%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', 9 filename='log1.txt', 10 filemode='a') 11 12 13 def aps_test(x): 14 print datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'), x 15 16 17 def aps_pause(x): 18 scheduler.pause_job('interval_task') 19 print datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'), x 20 21 22 def aps_resume(x): 23 scheduler.resume_job('interval_task') 24 print datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'), x 25 26 scheduler = BlockingScheduler() 27 scheduler.add_job(func=aps_test, args=('定時任務',), trigger='cron', second='*/5', id='cron_task') 28 scheduler.add_job(func=aps_pause, args=('一次性任務,中止循環任務',), next_run_time=datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(seconds=12), id='pause_task') 29 scheduler.add_job(func=aps_resume, args=('一次性任務,恢復循環任務',), next_run_time=datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(seconds=24), id='resume_task') 30 scheduler.add_job(func=aps_test, args=('循環任務',), trigger='interval', seconds=3, id='interval_task') 31 scheduler._logger = logging 32 33 scheduler.start()
看看結果
是否是很容易?好了,刪除任務,中止任務,恢復任務就介紹到這,下面咱們看看監放任務。
6.意外
任何代碼均可能發生意外,關鍵是,發生意外了,如何第一時間知道,這纔是公司最關心的,apscheduler已經爲咱們想到了這些。
看下面的代碼,
![](http://static.javashuo.com/static/loading.gif)
1 # coding:utf-8 2 from apscheduler.schedulers.blocking import BlockingScheduler 3 from apscheduler.events import EVENT_JOB_EXECUTED, EVENT_JOB_ERROR 4 import datetime 5 import logging 6 7 logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO, 8 format='%(asctime)s %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s %(message)s', 9 datefmt='%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S', 10 filename='log1.txt', 11 filemode='a') 12 13 14 def aps_test(x): 15 print datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'), x 16 17 18 def date_test(x): 19 print datetime.datetime.now().strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'), x 20 print 1/0 21 22 23 def my_listener(event): 24 if event.exception: 25 print '任務出錯了!!!!!!' 26 else: 27 print '任務照常運行...' 28 29 scheduler = BlockingScheduler() 30 scheduler.add_job(func=date_test, args=('必定性任務,會出錯',), next_run_time=datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(seconds=15), id='date_task') 31 scheduler.add_job(func=aps_test, args=('循環任務',), trigger='interval', seconds=3, id='interval_task') 32 scheduler.add_listener(my_listener, EVENT_JOB_EXECUTED | EVENT_JOB_ERROR) 33 scheduler._logger = logging 34 35 scheduler.start()
看看結果
是否是很直觀,在生產環境中,你能夠把出錯信息換成發送一封郵件或者發送一個短信,這樣定時任務出錯就能夠立馬就知道了。
好了,今天就講到這,之後咱們有機會再來拓展這個apscheduler,這個很是強大並且直觀的後臺任務庫。
7做業運行的控制
add_job的第二個參數是trigger,它管理着做業的調度方式。它能夠爲date, interval或者cron。對於不一樣的trigger,對應的參數也相同。
(1). cron定時調度
year (int|str) – 4-digit year
month (int|str) – month (1-12)
day (int|str) – day of the (1-31)
week (int|str) – ISO week (1-53)
day_of_week (int|str) – number or name of weekday (0-6 or mon,tue,wed,thu,fri,sat,sun)
hour (int|str) – hour (0-23)
minute (int|str) – minute (0-59)
second (int|str) – second (0-59)
start_date (datetime|str) – earliest possible date/time to trigger on (inclusive)
end_date (datetime|str) – latest possible date/time to trigger on (inclusive)
timezone (datetime.tzinfo|str) – time zone to use for the date/time calculations (defaults to scheduler timezone)
和Linux的Crontab同樣,它的值格式爲:
Expression | Field | Description |
---|---|---|
* | any | Fire on every value |
*/a | any | Fire every a values, starting from the minimum |
a-b | any | Fire on any value within the a-b range (a must be smaller than b) |
a-b/c | any | Fire every c values within the a-b range |
xth y | day | Fire on the x -th occurrence of weekday y within the month |
last x | day | Fire on the last occurrence of weekday x within the month |
last | day | Fire on the last day within the month |
x,y,z | any | Fire on any matching expression; can combine any number of any of the above expressions |
幾個例子以下:
1
2
3
4
5
|
# Schedules job_function to be run on the third Friday
# of June, July, August, November and December at 00:00, 01:00, 02:00 and 03:00
sched.add_job(job_function, 'cron', month='6-8,11-12', day='3rd fri', hour='0-3')
# Runs from Monday to Friday at 5:30 (am) until 2014-05-30 00:00:00
sched.add_job(job_function, 'cron', day_of_week='mon-fri', hour=5, minute=30, end_date='2014-05-30')
|
(2). interval 間隔調度
它的參數以下:
weeks (int) – number of weeks to wait
days (int) – number of days to wait
hours (int) – number of hours to wait
minutes (int) – number of minutes to wait
seconds (int) – number of seconds to wait
start_date (datetime|str) – starting point for the interval calculation
end_date (datetime|str) – latest possible date/time to trigger on
timezone (datetime.tzinfo|str) – time zone to use for the date/time calculations
例子:
1
2
|
# Schedule job_function to be called every two hours
sched.add_job(job_function, 'interval', hours=2)
|
(3). date 定時調度
最基本的一種調度,做業只會執行一次。它的參數以下:
run_date (datetime|str) – the date/time to run the job at
timezone (datetime.tzinfo|str) – time zone for run_date if it doesn’t have one already
例子:
1
2
3
4
|
# The job will be executed on November 6th, 2009
sched.add_job(my_job, 'date', run_date=date(2009, 11, 6), args=['text'])
# The job will be executed on November 6th, 2009 at 16:30:05
sched.add_job(my_job, 'date', run_date=datetime(2009, 11, 6, 16, 30, 5), args=['text'])
|
7.Flask-APScheduler使用
https://www.jianshu.com/p/2628f566b31c