1.IOC與DI簡介web
IOC全稱是Inversion Of Control(控制反轉),不是一種技術,只是一種思想,一個重要的面相對象編程的法則,它能知道咱們如何設計出鬆耦合,更優良的程序。傳統應用程序都是由咱們在類內部主動建立依賴對象,從而致使類與類之編程
間高耦合,難於測試;有了IoC容器後,把建立和查找依賴對象的控制權交給了容器,由容器進行注入組合對象,因此對象與對象之間是鬆散耦合,這樣也方便測試,利於功能複用,更重要的是使得程序的整個體系結構變得很是靈活。其實IoC測試
對編程帶來的最大改變不是從代碼上,而是從思想上,發生了「主從換位」的變化。應用程序本來是老大,要獲取什麼資源都是主動出擊,可是在IoC/DI思想中,應用程序就變成被動的了,被動的等待IoC容器來建立並注入它所須要的資源ui
了。 this
IoC很好的體現了面向對象設計法則之—— 法則:「別找咱們,咱們找你」;即由IoC容器幫對象找相應的依賴對象並注入,而不是由對象主動去找。spa
DI全稱是Dependency Injection(依賴注入),是組件之間依賴關係有容器在運行期決定,即由容器動態的將某個依賴關係注入到組件之中,依賴注入的目的並不是軟件系統帶來更多的功能,設計
而是爲了提高組件重用的頻率,併爲系統搭建一個靈活可擴展的平臺。經過依賴注入機制,咱們只須要經過簡單的配置,而無需代碼指定目標須要的資源,完成自身的業務邏輯,而不須要關心具體的資源來自何處code
DI的關鍵是:「誰依賴誰,爲何須要依賴,誰注入水,注入了什麼」orm
2.Unity IOC簡介對象
Unity是一個IOC容器,用來實現依賴注入(DI)減小耦合,出自於微軟。
組件地址:http://unity.codeplex.com/
3.使用Unity依賴注入編寫Web ServiceDemo
a。使用NuGet程序包管理安裝引用Unity
b。在Global.asax中配置容器
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Web; using System.Web.Security; using System.Web.SessionState; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; using WebServiceDemo.Impl; using WebServiceDemo.Interface; namespace WebServiceDemo { public class Global : System.Web.HttpApplication,IContainerAccessor { private static IUnityContainer _container; public static IUnityContainer Container { get { return _container; } set { _container = value; } } IUnityContainer IContainerAccessor.Container { get { return Container; } } protected void Application_Start(object sender, EventArgs e) { log4net.Config.XmlConfigurator.Configure(); CreateContainer(); } protected void Session_Start(object sender, EventArgs e) { } protected void Application_BeginRequest(object sender, EventArgs e) { } protected void Application_AuthenticateRequest(object sender, EventArgs e) { } protected void Application_Error(object sender, EventArgs e) { } protected void Session_End(object sender, EventArgs e) { } protected void Application_End(object sender, EventArgs e) { } protected virtual void CreateContainer() { IUnityContainer container = new UnityContainer(); container.RegisterType<IWebServiceDemo, WebServiceDemo>(); Container = container; } } }
c。建立服務接口基類
using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Web; using WebServiceDemo.Interface; namespace WebServiceDemo.Services { public abstract class BaseService<T> :System.Web.Services.WebService where T:class { public BaseService() { InjectDependencies(); } protected virtual void InjectDependencies() { HttpContext context = HttpContext.Current; if (context == null) return; IContainerAccessor accessor = context.ApplicationInstance as IContainerAccessor; if (accessor == null) return; IUnityContainer container = accessor.Container; if (container==null) { throw new InvalidOperationException("Container on Global Application Class is Null. Cannot perform BuildUp."); } container.BuildUp(this as T); } } }
d。建立實現服務的接口和實現類
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using WebServiceDemo.Dto; namespace WebServiceDemo.Interface { public interface IWebServiceDemo { RespResult<ResultOutput> AddResult(int a,int b); } }
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Web; using WebServiceDemo.customize; using WebServiceDemo.Dto; using WebServiceDemo.Interface; namespace WebServiceDemo.Impl { public class WebServiceDemoImpl : IWebServiceDemo { private static readonly ILog log = LogManager.GetLogger(typeof(BeingSweptServiceImpl)); public RespResult<ResultOutput> AddResult(int a,int b) { return a+b; } } }
e。建立配置Webservice
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Web; using System.Web.Services; using WebServiceDemo.customize; using WebServiceDemo.Interface; using Microsoft.Practices.Unity; using WebServiceDemo.Dto; namespace WebServiceDemo.Services { /// <summary> /// Summary description for MainSweepService /// </summary> [WebService(Namespace = "http://tempuri.org/")] [WebServiceBinding(ConformsTo = WsiProfiles.BasicProfile1_1)] [System.ComponentModel.ToolboxItem(false)] // To allow this Web Service to be called from script, using ASP.NET AJAX, uncomment the following line. // [System.Web.Script.Services.ScriptService] public class ServiceDemoService : BaseService<ServiceDemoService> { [Dependency] public IWebServiceDemo _webServiceDemo { get; set; } public ServiceDemoService () : base() { } [WebMethod(Description ="加法")] public RespResult<ResultOutput> AddResult(int a,int b) { return this._webServiceDemo.AddResult(a,b); } } }