0104 代碼方式動態刷新logback日誌配置
背景
日誌是一個系統或者說一個產品技術架構中重要組成部分。
常見的日誌框架以下：
| 日誌框架 | 說明 | 跟slf4j集成所需依賴 |
|---|---|---|
| slf4j | 日誌門面，具體實現由程序決定 | |
| jcl | commons-logging | jcl-over-slf4j |
| jul | jdk-logging | slf4j-api jul-to-slf4j slf4j-jdk14 |
| log4j | log4j | slf4j-api log4j-over-slf4j slf4j-log4j12 |
| log4j2 | log4j-api,log4j-core | slf4j-api log4j-slf4j-impl |
| logback | logback-core,logback-classic | slf4j-api |
slf4j-logback的啓動過程
通常使用slf4j來操做日誌：
private static final Logger LOGGER =
LoggerFactory.getLogger(LogbackAppenderExample.class);
public static void main(String[] args) {
LOGGER.trace("trace log");
LOGGER.debug("debug log");
LOGGER.info("info log");
LOGGER.warn("warn log");
LOGGER.error("error log");
LOGGER.error("error log xxx");
LOGGER.error("error log yyy");
LOGGER.error("error log zzz");
LOGGER.error("error log aaa");
}
經過這個來跟蹤Logger的初始過程；
1 LoggerFactory.getLogger
代碼以下：
public static Logger getLogger(Class<?> clazz) {
Logger logger = getLogger(clazz.getName());
if (DETECT_LOGGER_NAME_MISMATCH) {
Class<?> autoComputedCallingClass = Util.getCallingClass();
if (autoComputedCallingClass != null && nonMatchingClasses(clazz, autoComputedCallingClass)) {
Util.report(String.format("Detected logger name mismatch. Given name: \"%s\"; computed name: \"%s\".", logger.getName(),
autoComputedCallingClass.getName()));
Util.report("See " + LOGGER_NAME_MISMATCH_URL + " for an explanation");
}
}
return logger;
}
過程：
| 步驟 | 說明 |
|---|---|
| 1 | 獲取獲得Logger對象 |
| 2 | 若是有設置系統屬性 slf4j.detectLoggerNameMismatch=true 則找到調用getLogger方法的類名 若是跟傳入的類名不一致，則給出警告，給的類和調用方法的類不一致，並給出文檔地址 |
| 3 | 返回Logger對象 |
2 getLogger(clazz.getName())
經過類名獲得Logger
代碼以下：
public static Logger getLogger(String name) {
ILoggerFactory iLoggerFactory = getILoggerFactory();
return iLoggerFactory.getLogger(name);
}
核心步驟
| 序號 | 步驟 |
|---|---|
| 1 | 獲得ILggerFactory對象 |
| 2 | 經過工廠，傳入名字，獲得Logger對象 |
3 getILoggerFactory()
獲得日誌工廠
代碼以下：
public static ILoggerFactory getILoggerFactory() {
if (INITIALIZATION_STATE == UNINITIALIZED) {
synchronized (LoggerFactory.class) {
if (INITIALIZATION_STATE == UNINITIALIZED) {
INITIALIZATION_STATE = ONGOING_INITIALIZATION;
performInitialization();
}
}
}
switch (INITIALIZATION_STATE) {
case SUCCESSFUL_INITIALIZATION:
return StaticLoggerBinder.getSingleton().getLoggerFactory();
case NOP_FALLBACK_INITIALIZATION:
return NOP_FALLBACK_FACTORY;
case FAILED_INITIALIZATION:
throw new IllegalStateException(UNSUCCESSFUL_INIT_MSG);
case ONGOING_INITIALIZATION:
// support re-entrant behavior.
// See also http://jira.qos.ch/browse/SLF4J-97
return SUBST_FACTORY;
}
throw new IllegalStateException("Unreachable code");
}
核心步驟：
| 序號 | 步驟 |
|---|---|
| 1 | 若是初始化狀態值爲 未初始化 同步加鎖 synchronized(LoggerFactory.class) 再次判斷 初始化狀態值爲 未初始化，若是是： 設置初始化狀態值爲 正在初始化 而後 執行初始化 _performInitialization_() |
| 2 | 而後根據初始化狀態的條件作不一樣的處理 若是 初始化失敗，拋出異常，並提示哪裏失敗了 若是 正在初始化， 返回替代工廠SubstituteLoggerFactory,日誌通常也是委託給NOPLogger 若是 空回退初始化 返回空的工廠 NOPLoggerFactory，不輸出日誌的空實現 若是 成功初始化，調用StaticLoggerBinder.getLoggerFactory返回工廠 若是不在以上的狀態，直接拋出異常，沒法抵達的code; |
4 _performInitialization_()
執行初始化
代碼：
private final static void performInitialization() {
bind();
if (INITIALIZATION_STATE == SUCCESSFUL_INITIALIZATION) {
versionSanityCheck();
}
}
核心步驟
| 序號 | 步驟說明 |
|---|---|
| 1 | 綁定 |
| 2 | 若是初始化成功，則進行版本明智檢查 |
5 bind()
綁定
代碼：
private final static void bind() {
try {
Set<URL> staticLoggerBinderPathSet = findPossibleStaticLoggerBinderPathSet();
reportMultipleBindingAmbiguity(staticLoggerBinderPathSet);
// the next line does the binding
StaticLoggerBinder.getSingleton();
INITIALIZATION_STATE = SUCCESSFUL_INITIALIZATION;
reportActualBinding(staticLoggerBinderPathSet);
fixSubstitutedLoggers();
playRecordedEvents();
SUBST_FACTORY.clear();
} catch (NoClassDefFoundError ncde) {
String msg = ncde.getMessage();
if (messageContainsOrgSlf4jImplStaticLoggerBinder(msg)) {
INITIALIZATION_STATE = NOP_FALLBACK_INITIALIZATION;
Util.report("Failed to load class \"org.slf4j.impl.StaticLoggerBinder\".");
Util.report("Defaulting to no-operation (NOP) logger implementation");
Util.report("See " + NO_STATICLOGGERBINDER_URL + " for further details.");
} else {
failedBinding(ncde);
throw ncde;
}
} catch (java.lang.NoSuchMethodError nsme) {
String msg = nsme.getMessage();
if (msg != null && msg.contains("org.slf4j.impl.StaticLoggerBinder.getSingleton()")) {
INITIALIZATION_STATE = FAILED_INITIALIZATION;
Util.report("slf4j-api 1.6.x (or later) is incompatible with this binding.");
Util.report("Your binding is version 1.5.5 or earlier.");
Util.report("Upgrade your binding to version 1.6.x.");
}
throw nsme;
} catch (Exception e) {
failedBinding(e);
throw new IllegalStateException("Unexpected initialization failure", e);
}
}
關鍵步驟
| 序號 | 步驟 |
|---|---|
| 1 | 找到可能的靜態日誌綁定器的路徑集合findPossibleStaticLoggerBinderPathSet() |
| 2 | 若是日誌有多個綁定器，打印到控制檯 若是是android平臺，忽略 依次打印出多個日誌綁定器，並給出文檔提示 |
| 3 | 得到惟一的靜態日誌綁定器StaticLoggerBinder.getSingleton() 綁定器內部持有LoggerContext和ContextSelectorStaticBinder |
| 4 | 設置初始化狀態爲成功 |
| 5 | 打印出實際的日誌綁定器 ContextSelectorStaticBinder |
| 6 | 設置SubstitutedLogger的委託爲實際的Logger； _fixSubstitutedLoggers_() |
| 7 | 播放記錄的事件 playRecordedEvents() |
| 8 | 清空委託工廠 SubstituteLoggerFactory |
6 findPossibleStaticLoggerBinderPathSet()
找到可能的靜態日誌綁定器的路徑
代碼：
**java
static Set<URL> findPossibleStaticLoggerBinderPathSet() {
// use Set instead of list in order to deal with bug #138
// LinkedHashSet appropriate here because it preserves insertion order during iteration
Set<URL> staticLoggerBinderPathSet = new LinkedHashSet<URL>();
try {
ClassLoader loggerFactoryClassLoader = LoggerFactory.class.getClassLoader();
Enumeration<URL> paths;
if (loggerFactoryClassLoader == null) {
paths = ClassLoader.getSystemResources(STATIC_LOGGER_BINDER_PATH);
} else {
paths = loggerFactoryClassLoader.getResources(STATIC_LOGGER_BINDER_PATH);
}
while (paths.hasMoreElements()) {
URL path = paths.nextElement();
staticLoggerBinderPathSet.add(path);
}
} catch (IOException ioe) {
Util.report("Error getting resources from path", ioe);
}
return staticLoggerBinderPathSet;
}
關鍵步驟：android
| 序號 | 步驟 |
|---|---|
| 1 | 若是LoggerFactory的類加載器爲空，系統類加載器獲得 org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class 這個文件 分佈在不一樣的jar中，可能有多個； |
| 2 | 若是不爲空，則經過LoggerFactoryLoader找到 org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class 這個文件 |
| 3 | 把這些class對應的url彙總到結合中返回 |
7 playRecordedEvents()
放映記錄的事件
代碼：web
private static void playRecordedEvents() {
List<SubstituteLoggingEvent> events = SUBST_FACTORY.getEventList();
if (events.isEmpty()) {
return;
}
for (int i = 0; i < events.size(); i++) {
SubstituteLoggingEvent event = events.get(i);
SubstituteLogger substLogger = event.getLogger();
if( substLogger.isDelegateNOP()) {
break;
} else if (substLogger.isDelegateEventAware()) {
if (i == 0)
emitReplayWarning(events.size());
substLogger.log(event);
} else {
if(i == 0)
emitSubstitutionWarning();
Util.report(substLogger.getName());
}
}
}
關鍵步驟：
| 序號 | 步驟 |
|---|---|
| 1 | 獲得委託日誌工廠的事件，若是爲空，則結束 |
| 2 | 若是事件不爲空，取出來， 若是委託的日誌有空日誌，中斷 若是委託的日誌是委託事件， 打印日誌，並打印出播放的警告 不然，警告委託的日誌不可用，並打印出日誌的名稱 |
8 versionSanityCheck()
獲得StaticLoggerBinder的版本，並進行判斷是否合適。
LoggerFactory放了容許使用的StaticLoggerBinder的版本，若是不合適，會答應出警告。
源碼：
private final static void versionSanityCheck() {
try {
String requested = StaticLoggerBinder.REQUESTED_API_VERSION;
boolean match = false;
for (String aAPI_COMPATIBILITY_LIST : API_COMPATIBILITY_LIST) {
if (requested.startsWith(aAPI_COMPATIBILITY_LIST)) {
match = true;
}
}
if (!match) {
Util.report("The requested version " + requested + " by your slf4j binding is not compatible with "
+ Arrays.asList(API_COMPATIBILITY_LIST).toString());
Util.report("See " + VERSION_MISMATCH + " for further details.");
}
} catch (java.lang.NoSuchFieldError nsfe) {
// given our large user base and SLF4J's commitment to backward
// compatibility, we cannot cry here. Only for implementations
// which willingly declare a REQUESTED_API_VERSION field do we
// emit compatibility warnings.
} catch (Throwable e) {
// we should never reach here
Util.report("Unexpected problem occured during version sanity check", e);
}
}
9 StaticLoggerBinder.init()
靜態日誌綁定器的初始化
代碼：spring
void init() {
try {
try {
new ContextInitializer(defaultLoggerContext).autoConfig();
} catch (JoranException je) {
Util.report("Failed to auto configure default logger context", je);
}
// logback-292
if (!StatusUtil.contextHasStatusListener(defaultLoggerContext)) {
StatusPrinter.printInCaseOfErrorsOrWarnings(defaultLoggerContext);
}
contextSelectorBinder.init(defaultLoggerContext, KEY);
initialized = true;
} catch (Exception t) { // see LOGBACK-1159
Util.report("Failed to instantiate [" + LoggerContext.class.getName() + "]", t);
}
}
核心過程apache
| 序號 | 步驟 |
|---|---|
| 1 | 新建上下文初始化器，而後自動配置； new ContextInitializer(defaultLoggerContext).autoConfig(); |
| 2 | 若是沒有配置狀態監聽器，則打印出警告 |
| 3 | 上下文選擇綁定器初始化 |
10 ContextInitializer.autoConfig();
自動配置上下文
代碼：segmentfault
public void autoConfig() throws JoranException {
StatusListenerConfigHelper.installIfAsked(loggerContext);
URL url = findURLOfDefaultConfigurationFile(true);
if (url != null) {
configureByResource(url);
} else {
Configurator c = EnvUtil.loadFromServiceLoader(Configurator.class);
if (c != null) {
try {
c.setContext(loggerContext);
c.configure(loggerContext);
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new LogbackException(String.format("Failed to initialize Configurator: %s using ServiceLoader", c != null ? c.getClass()
.getCanonicalName() : "null"), e);
}
} else {
BasicConfigurator basicConfigurator = new BasicConfigurator();
basicConfigurator.setContext(loggerContext);
basicConfigurator.configure(loggerContext);
}
}
}
核心步驟api
| 序號 | 說明 |
|---|---|
| 1 | 若是沒有，安裝狀態監聽器 |
| 2 | 找到默認的配置文件或者URL,一次按照系統屬性 logback.configurationFile查找 按照logback-test.xml 按照logback.groovy 按照logback.xml 獲得配置文件 |
| 3 | 若是找到了，configureByResource(url); |
| 4 | 不然，按照spi的方式找到Configurator的實現類，設置上下文，進行配置 |
| 若是spi方式拿不到，則使用缺省的BasicConfigurator（裏面只配置了一個控制檯） 設置上下文，進行配置 |
11 StaticLoggerBinder.getLoggerFactory
經過靜態日誌綁定器獲得日誌工廠,實現類是 LoggerContext;
源碼：網絡
public ILoggerFactory getLoggerFactory() {
if (!initialized) {
return defaultLoggerContext;
}
if (contextSelectorBinder.getContextSelector() == null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("contextSelector cannot be null. See also " + NULL_CS_URL);
}
return contextSelectorBinder.getContextSelector().getLoggerContext();
}
核心流程：架構
| 序號 | 步驟 |
|---|---|
| 1 | 若是沒有初始化，返回默認的LoggerContext |
| 2 | 若是ContextSelectBinder不爲空，獲得ContextSeleter |
| 3 | 經過ContextSelector獲得LoggerContext; |
12 iLoggerFactory.getLogger(name)
這是一個接口，直接獲得一個Logger實例；
從上面的代碼以後，這裏的實例應該是一個LoggerContext對象
這個對象是核心，全部的日誌動做都在裏面；
logback-aliyun-appender
直接把日誌接入到阿里雲
對於初創企業來講，直接使用阿里雲的日誌服務很是方便，減小了本身搭建ELK的運維成本，直接按量付費，很是方便，我貼一下個人接入過程；
引入依賴：mvc
<!--日誌-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.aliyun.openservices</groupId>
<artifactId>aliyun-log-logback-appender</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--spring日誌橋接，使用的commoon-logging-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--log4j日誌橋接，zk使用的log4j-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j-over-slf4j</artifactId>
</dependency>
而後按照 代碼刷新logback日誌配置的方法，把日誌配置放到apollo,啓動的時候就能夠接入到阿里雲日誌了。
貼一下配置：
<configuration>
<!--爲了防止進程退出時，內存中的數據丟失，請加上此選項-->
<shutdownHook class="ch.qos.logback.core.hook.DelayingShutdownHook"/>
<appender name="loghubAppender" class="com.aliyun.openservices.log.logback.LoghubAppender">
<!--必選項-->
<!-- 帳號及網絡配置 -->
<endpoint>cn-xxx.log.aliyuncs.com</endpoint>
<accessKeyId>xxxxx</accessKeyId>
<accessKeySecret>xxxxx</accessKeySecret>
<!-- sls 項目配置 -->
<project>ts-app-xxx</project>
<logStore>ts-app-xxx</logStore>
<!--必選項 (end)-->
<!-- 可選項 -->
<topic>topic2</topic>
<source>source2</source>
<!-- 可選項 詳見 '參數說明'-->
<totalSizeInBytes>104857600</totalSizeInBytes>
<maxBlockMs>60</maxBlockMs>
<ioThreadCount>2</ioThreadCount>
<batchSizeThresholdInBytes>524288</batchSizeThresholdInBytes>
<batchCountThreshold>4096</batchCountThreshold>
<lingerMs>2000</lingerMs>
<retries>3</retries>
<baseRetryBackoffMs>100</baseRetryBackoffMs>
<maxRetryBackoffMs>100</maxRetryBackoffMs>
<!-- 可選項 經過配置 encoder 的 pattern 自定義 log 的格式 -->
<encoder>
<pattern>%d %-5level [%thread] %logger{0}: %msg</pattern>
</encoder>
<!-- 可選項 設置時間格式 -->
<timeFormat>yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mmZ</timeFormat>
<!-- 可選項 設置時區 -->
<timeZone>Asia/Shanghai</timeZone>
<filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.ThresholdFilter"><!-- 只打印INFO級別的日誌 -->
<level>INFO</level>
<!-- <onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch>-->
<!-- <onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch>-->
</filter>
<!-- <mdcFields>THREAD_ID,MDC_KEY</mdcFields>-->
</appender>
<appender name="STDOUT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
<encoder>
<pattern>%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger - %msg %X{THREAD_ID} %n</pattern>
</encoder>
</appender>
<!-- 可用來獲取StatusManager中的狀態 -->
<statusListener class="ch.qos.logback.core.status.OnConsoleStatusListener"/>
<!-- 解決debug模式下循環發送的問題 -->
<logger name="org.apache.http.impl.conn.Wire" level="WARN" />
<root>
<level value="DEBUG"/>
<appender-ref ref="loghubAppender"/>
<appender-ref ref="STDOUT"/>
</root>
</configuration>
代碼刷新logback日誌配置
主要是模仿LogbackLister的實現細節來模仿：
簡單的貼一下個人實現代碼：
package com.lifesense.opensource.spring;
import ch.qos.logback.classic.BasicConfigurator;
import ch.qos.logback.classic.LoggerContext;
import ch.qos.logback.classic.joran.JoranConfigurator;
import ch.qos.logback.core.joran.spi.JoranException;
import ch.qos.logback.core.util.StatusPrinter;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.util.Assert;
import org.springframework.util.ClassUtils;
import org.springframework.util.ReflectionUtils;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
/**
* @author carter
*/
public class LogbackLoader {
private static final String DEFAULT_LOG_BACK_XML = "<configuration>" +
"<shutdownHook class=\"ch.qos.logback.core.hook.DelayingShutdownHook\"/>" +
"<appender name=\"STDOUT\" class=\"ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender\">" +
"<encoder><pattern>%d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] %-5level %logger - %msg %X{THREAD_ID} %n</pattern></encoder>" +
"</appender>" +
"<statusListener class=\"ch.qos.logback.core.status.OnConsoleStatusListener\"/>" +
"<logger name=\"org.apache.http.impl.conn.Wire\" level=\"WARN\" />" +
"<root><level value=\"DEBUG\"/><appender-ref ref=\"STDOUT\"/>" +
"</root></configuration>";
/**
* 初始化日誌配置
*/
public static void initLogbackWithoutConfigFile(ServletContext servletContext) {
initLogbackConfigFromXmlString(servletContext, DEFAULT_LOG_BACK_XML);
}
public static void initLogbackConfigFromXmlString(ServletContext servletContext, String xmlStr) {
System.out.println("Initializing Logback from [\n" + xmlStr + "\n]");
LoggerContext loggerContext = (LoggerContext) LoggerFactory.getILoggerFactory();
Assert.notNull(loggerContext, "獲取不到LoggerContext");
loggerContext.getStatusManager().clear();
loggerContext.reset();
//安裝默認的日誌配置
if (StringUtils.isBlank(xmlStr)) {
BasicConfigurator basicConfigurator = new BasicConfigurator();
basicConfigurator.setContext(loggerContext);
basicConfigurator.configure(loggerContext);
return;
}
//按照傳入的配置文件來配置
JoranConfigurator configurator = new JoranConfigurator();
configurator.setContext(loggerContext);
InputStream in = new ByteArrayInputStream(xmlStr.getBytes());
try {
configurator.doConfigure(in);
} catch (JoranException e) {
System.out.println("初始化配置logback發生錯誤");
e.printStackTrace();
}
//If SLF4J's java.util.logging bridge is available in the classpath, install it. This will direct any messages
//from the Java Logging framework into SLF4J. When logging is terminated, the bridge will need to be uninstalled
try {
Class<?> julBridge = ClassUtils.forName("org.slf4j.bridge.SLF4JBridgeHandler", ClassUtils.getDefaultClassLoader());
Method removeHandlers = ReflectionUtils.findMethod(julBridge, "removeHandlersForRootLogger");
if (removeHandlers != null) {
servletContext.log("Removing all previous handlers for JUL to SLF4J bridge");
ReflectionUtils.invokeMethod(removeHandlers, null);
}
Method install = ReflectionUtils.findMethod(julBridge, "install");
if (install != null) {
servletContext.log("Installing JUL to SLF4J bridge");
ReflectionUtils.invokeMethod(install, null);
}
} catch (ClassNotFoundException ignored) {
//Indicates the java.util.logging bridge is not in the classpath. This is not an indication of a problem.
servletContext.log("JUL to SLF4J bridge is not available on the classpath");
}
StatusPrinter.print(loggerContext);
}
}
在springmvc上下文啓動的時候，可使用代碼的方式加載默認的日誌配置；
啓動完成以後，加上apollo的配置監聽器，這樣就能夠在apollo中實時的修改日誌的配置文件，代碼實時生效。
package com.lifesense.opensource.spring;
import com.ctrip.framework.apollo.Config;
import com.ctrip.framework.apollo.ConfigService;
import com.ctrip.framework.apollo.model.ConfigChange;
import com.google.common.base.Strings;
import com.lifesense.opensource.commons.utils.WebResourceUtils;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.util.CollectionUtils;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.web.context.support.WebApplicationContextUtils;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.Set;
/**
* @author carter
*/
@Slf4j
public class ContextLoaderListener extends org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener {
private static final String APOLLO_LOG_BACK_CONFIG_KEY = "log4j2.xml";
@Override
public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) {
final ServletContext servletContext = event.getServletContext();
final Config configFile = ConfigService.getAppConfig();
String xmlContent = configFile.getProperty(APOLLO_LOG_BACK_CONFIG_KEY, "");
if (!Strings.isNullOrEmpty(xmlContent)) {
LogbackLoader.initLogbackConfigFromXmlString(servletContext, xmlContent);
configFile.addChangeListener(configFileChangeEvent -> {
final Set<String> newValue = configFileChangeEvent.changedKeys();
if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(newValue) && newValue.contains(APOLLO_LOG_BACK_CONFIG_KEY)) {
final ConfigChange change = configFileChangeEvent.getChange(APOLLO_LOG_BACK_CONFIG_KEY);
System.out.println(String.format("log4j2.ml changed：old:\n %s , new : \n %s ", change.getOldValue(), change.getNewValue()));
LogbackLoader.initLogbackConfigFromXmlString(servletContext, change.getNewValue());
}
});
}
}
}
小結
今天學會了：
- slf4j的日誌裝配過程，分析了源碼；
- 學會了使用代碼的方式動態刷新logback的日誌配置；
- 一種接入阿里雲日誌的實現方式。
- 常見的slf4j的日誌組合方式的使用；
原創不易，轉載請註明出處，歡迎溝通交流。
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