維基百科:
WebSocket是一種在單個TCP鏈接上進行全雙工通訊的協議。WebSocket通訊協議於2011年被IETF定爲標準RFC 6455,並由RFC7936補充規範。WebSocket API也被W3C定爲標準。javascript
WebSocket使得客戶端和服務器之間的數據交換變得更加簡單,容許服務端主動向客戶端推送數據。在WebSocket API中,瀏覽器和服務器只須要完成一次握手,二者之間就直接能夠建立持久性的鏈接,並進行雙向數據傳輸。html
<build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <configuration> <source>8</source> <target>8</target> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>io.netty</groupId> <artifactId>netty-all</artifactId> <version>4.1.25.Final</version> </dependency> </dependencies>
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext; import io.netty.channel.SimpleChannelInboundHandler; import io.netty.channel.group.ChannelGroup; import io.netty.channel.group.DefaultChannelGroup; import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.TextWebSocketFrame; import io.netty.util.concurrent.GlobalEventExecutor; import java.time.LocalDateTime; /** * @author: Tu9ohost * 處理消息的handler * TextWebSocketFrame: 在netty中,是用於爲websocket專門處理文本的對象,frame是消息的載體 */ public class ChatHandler extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler<TextWebSocketFrame> { // 用於記錄和管理全部客戶端的channle private static ChannelGroup clients = new DefaultChannelGroup(GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE); @Override protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, TextWebSocketFrame msg) throws Exception { // 獲取客戶端傳輸過來的消息 String content = msg.text(); System.out.println("接受到的數據:" + content); // for (Channel channel: clients) { // channel.writeAndFlush( // new TextWebSocketFrame( // "[服務器在]" + LocalDateTime.now() // + "接受到消息, 消息爲:" + content)); // } // 下面這個方法,和上面的for循環,一致 clients.writeAndFlush( new TextWebSocketFrame( "[服務器在]" + LocalDateTime.now() + "接受到消息, 消息爲:" + content)); } /** * 當客戶端鏈接服務端以後(打開鏈接) * 獲取客戶端的channle,而且放到ChannelGroup中去進行管理 */ @Override public void handlerAdded(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { clients.add(ctx.channel()); } @Override public void handlerRemoved(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception { // 當觸發handlerRemoved,ChannelGroup會自動移除對應客戶端的channel // clients.remove(ctx.channel()); System.out.println("客戶端斷開,channle對應的長id爲:" + ctx.channel().id().asLongText()); System.out.println("客戶端斷開,channle對應的短id爲:" + ctx.channel().id().asShortText()); } }
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer; import io.netty.channel.ChannelPipeline; import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel; import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpObjectAggregator; import io.netty.handler.codec.http.HttpServerCodec; import io.netty.handler.codec.http.websocketx.WebSocketServerProtocolHandler; import io.netty.handler.stream.ChunkedWriteHandler; /** * @author: Tu9ohost */ public class WSServerInitiazer extends ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel> { @Override protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception { ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline(); // websocket 基於http協議,因此要有http編解碼器 pipeline.addLast(new HttpServerCodec()); // 對寫大數據流的支持 pipeline.addLast(new ChunkedWriteHandler()); // 對httpMessage進行聚合,聚合成FullHttpRequest或FullHttpResponse // 幾乎在netty中的編程,都會使用到此hanler pipeline.addLast(new HttpObjectAggregator(1024*64)); // ====================== 以上是用於支持http協議 ====================== // ====================== 如下是支持httpWebsocket ====================== /** * websocket 服務器處理的協議,用於指定給客戶端鏈接訪問的路由 : /ws * 本handler會幫你處理一些繁重的複雜的事 * 會幫你處理握手動做: handshaking(close, ping, pong) ping + pong = 心跳 * 對於websocket來說,都是以frames進行傳輸的,不一樣的數據類型對應的frames也不一樣 */ pipeline.addLast(new WebSocketServerProtocolHandler("/ws")); // 自定義的handler pipeline.addLast(new ChatHandler()); } }
import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap; import io.netty.channel.ChannelFuture; import io.netty.channel.EventLoopGroup; import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup; import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel; /** * @author: Tu9ohost */ public class WSServer { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { EventLoopGroup mainGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); EventLoopGroup subGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup(); try { ServerBootstrap server = new ServerBootstrap(); server.group(mainGroup, subGroup) .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class) .childHandler(new WSServerInitiazer()); // 定義了端口爲8088 ChannelFuture future = server.bind(8088).sync(); future.channel().closeFuture().sync(); } finally { mainGroup.shutdownGracefully(); subGroup.shutdownGracefully(); } } }
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <title></title> </head> <body> <div>發送消息:</div> <input type="text" id="msgContent"/> <input type="button" value="點我發送" onclick="CHAT.chat()"/> <div>接受消息:</div> <div id="receiveMsg" style="background-color: gainsboro;"></div> <script type="application/javascript"> window.CHAT = { socket: null, init: function() { if (window.WebSocket) { CHAT.socket = new WebSocket("ws://127.0.0.1:8088/ws"); CHAT.socket.onopen = function() { console.log("鏈接創建成功..."); }, CHAT.socket.onclose = function() { console.log("鏈接關閉..."); }, CHAT.socket.onerror = function() { console.log("發生錯誤..."); }, CHAT.socket.onmessage = function(e) { console.log("接受到消息:" + e.data); var receiveMsg = document.getElementById("receiveMsg"); var html = receiveMsg.innerHTML; receiveMsg.innerHTML = html + "<br/>" + e.data; } } else { alert("瀏覽器不支持websocket協議..."); } }, chat: function() { var msg = document.getElementById("msgContent"); CHAT.socket.send(msg.value); } }; CHAT.init(); </script> </body> </html>
首先運行主方法,再打開界面,按F12,會顯式連接創建成功
java
隨意編寫,再點擊點我發送
web
服務端顯式
apache
關閉界面窗口,則會顯式斷開連接id
編程