volume是k8s中很重要的一個環節,主要用來存儲k8s中pod生產的一些系統或者業務數據。k8s在kubelet中提供了volume管理的邏輯node
首先是kubelet啓動方法git
func main() { s := options.NewKubeletServer() s.AddFlags(pflag.CommandLine) flag.InitFlags() logs.InitLogs() defer logs.FlushLogs() verflag.PrintAndExitIfRequested() if err := app.Run(s, nil); err != nil { fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "error: %v\n", err) os.Exit(1) } }
很容易發現run方法中包含了kubelet全部重要信息docker
func run(s *options.KubeletServer, kubeDeps *kubelet.KubeletDeps) (err error) { //配置驗證 ... if kubeDeps == nil { ... kubeDeps, err = UnsecuredKubeletDeps(s) ... } //初始化cAdvisor以及containerManager等管理器 ... if err := RunKubelet(&s.KubeletConfiguration, kubeDeps, s.RunOnce, standaloneMode); err != nil { return err } ... }
裏面有兩個與volume管理相關的重要方法express
UnsecuredKubeletDeps:會初始化docker client、網絡管理插件、數據管理插件等系統核心組件,由於不方便對外部開放,因此命名爲unsecure。其中咱們須要關注的是它對volume plugin的初始化操做apache
func UnsecuredKubeletDeps(s *options.KubeletServer) (*kubelet.KubeletDeps, error) { ... return &kubelet.KubeletDeps{ Auth: nil, CAdvisorInterface: nil, Cloud: nil, ContainerManager: nil, DockerClient: dockerClient, KubeClient: nil, ExternalKubeClient: nil, Mounter: mounter, NetworkPlugins: ProbeNetworkPlugins(s.NetworkPluginDir, s.CNIConfDir, s.CNIBinDir), OOMAdjuster: oom.NewOOMAdjuster(), OSInterface: kubecontainer.RealOS{}, Writer: writer, VolumePlugins: ProbeVolumePlugins(s.VolumePluginDir), TLSOptions: tlsOptions, }, nil }
在初始化volume plugin的時候會傳遞VolumePluginDir做爲自定義plugin的路徑,默認路徑爲**/usr/libexec/kubernetes/kubelet-plugins/volume/exec/**json
func ProbeVolumePlugins(pluginDir string) []volume.VolumePlugin { allPlugins := []volume.VolumePlugin{} allPlugins = append(allPlugins, aws_ebs.ProbeVolumePlugins()...) allPlugins = append(allPlugins, empty_dir.ProbeVolumePlugins()...) allPlugins = append(allPlugins, gce_pd.ProbeVolumePlugins()...) allPlugins = append(allPlugins, git_repo.ProbeVolumePlugins()...) allPlugins = append(allPlugins, host_path.ProbeVolumePlugins(volume.VolumeConfig{})...) allPlugins = append(allPlugins, nfs.ProbeVolumePlugins(volume.VolumeConfig{})...) allPlugins = append(allPlugins, secret.ProbeVolumePlugins()...) allPlugins = append(allPlugins, iscsi.ProbeVolumePlugins()...) allPlugins = append(allPlugins, glusterfs.ProbeVolumePlugins()...) allPlugins = append(allPlugins, rbd.ProbeVolumePlugins()...) allPlugins = append(allPlugins, cinder.ProbeVolumePlugins()...) allPlugins = append(allPlugins, quobyte.ProbeVolumePlugins()...) allPlugins = append(allPlugins, cephfs.ProbeVolumePlugins()...) allPlugins = append(allPlugins, downwardapi.ProbeVolumePlugins()...) allPlugins = append(allPlugins, fc.ProbeVolumePlugins()...) allPlugins = append(allPlugins, flocker.ProbeVolumePlugins()...) allPlugins = append(allPlugins, flexvolume.ProbeVolumePlugins(pluginDir)...) allPlugins = append(allPlugins, azure_file.ProbeVolumePlugins()...) allPlugins = append(allPlugins, configmap.ProbeVolumePlugins()...) allPlugins = append(allPlugins, vsphere_volume.ProbeVolumePlugins()...) allPlugins = append(allPlugins, azure_dd.ProbeVolumePlugins()...) allPlugins = append(allPlugins, photon_pd.ProbeVolumePlugins()...) allPlugins = append(allPlugins, projected.ProbeVolumePlugins()...) allPlugins = append(allPlugins, portworx.ProbeVolumePlugins()...) allPlugins = append(allPlugins, scaleio.ProbeVolumePlugins()...) return allPlugins }
能夠觀察到衆多插件中,有一個名爲flexvolume,只有這個插件帶有參數pluginDir,說明只有這個插件支持自定義實現。具體kubelet怎麼和這些插件交互,以及這些插件提供哪些接口,還須要繼續閱讀代碼api
RunKubelet:這纔是kubelet服務的啓動方法,其中最重要的功能都藏在startKubelet中bash
func RunKubelet(kubeCfg *componentconfig.KubeletConfiguration, kubeDeps *kubelet.KubeletDeps, runOnce bool, standaloneMode bool) error { //初始化啓動器 ... if runOnce { if _, err := k.RunOnce(podCfg.Updates()); err != nil { return fmt.Errorf("runonce failed: %v", err) } glog.Infof("Started kubelet %s as runonce", version.Get().String()) } else { startKubelet(k, podCfg, kubeCfg, kubeDeps) glog.Infof("Started kubelet %s", version.Get().String()) } return nil }
startKubelet包含兩個環節網絡
func startKubelet(k kubelet.KubeletBootstrap, podCfg *config.PodConfig, kubeCfg *componentconfig.KubeletConfiguration, kubeDeps *kubelet.KubeletDeps) { // 同步pod信息 go wait.Until(func() { k.Run(podCfg.Updates()) }, 0, wait.NeverStop) // 啓動kubelet服務 if kubeCfg.EnableServer { go wait.Until(func() { k.ListenAndServe(net.ParseIP(kubeCfg.Address), uint(kubeCfg.Port), kubeDeps.TLSOptions, kubeDeps.Auth, kubeCfg.EnableDebuggingHandlers, kubeCfg.EnableContentionProfiling) }, 0, wait.NeverStop) } if kubeCfg.ReadOnlyPort > 0 { go wait.Until(func() { k.ListenAndServeReadOnly(net.ParseIP(kubeCfg.Address), uint(kubeCfg.ReadOnlyPort)) }, 0, wait.NeverStop) } }
跟蹤同步pod信息的Run方法,會追查到這段代碼app
func (kl *Kubelet) Run(updates <-chan kubetypes.PodUpdate) { ... go kl.volumeManager.Run(kl.sourcesReady, wait.NeverStop) if kl.kubeClient != nil { //同步node信息 go wait.Until(kl.syncNodeStatus, kl.nodeStatusUpdateFrequency, wait.NeverStop) } // 同步pod信息 kl.pleg.Start() kl.syncLoop(updates, kl) }
kl.volumeManager是kubelet進行數據卷管理的核心接口
type VolumeManager interface { Run(sourcesReady config.SourcesReady, stopCh <-chan struct{}) WaitForAttachAndMount(pod *v1.Pod) error GetMountedVolumesForPod(podName types.UniquePodName) container.VolumeMap GetExtraSupplementalGroupsForPod(pod *v1.Pod) []int64 GetVolumesInUse() []v1.UniqueVolumeName ReconcilerStatesHasBeenSynced() bool VolumeIsAttached(volumeName v1.UniqueVolumeName) bool MarkVolumesAsReportedInUse(volumesReportedAsInUse []v1.UniqueVolumeName) }
VolumeManager的Run會執行一個異步循環,當pod被調度到該node,它會檢查該pod所申請的全部volume,根據這些volume與pod的關係作attach/detach/mount/unmount操做
func (vm *volumeManager) Run(sourcesReady config.SourcesReady, stopCh <-chan struct{}) { defer runtime.HandleCrash() go vm.desiredStateOfWorldPopulator.Run(sourcesReady, stopCh) glog.V(2).Infof("The desired_state_of_world populator starts") glog.Infof("Starting Kubelet Volume Manager") go vm.reconciler.Run(stopCh) <-stopCh glog.Infof("Shutting down Kubelet Volume Manager") }
其中重點關注的地方是vm.desiredStateOfWorldPopulator.Run和vm.reconciler.Run這兩個方法。在介紹這兩個方法以前,須要補充一個關鍵信息,這也是理解這兩個方法的關鍵信息。
kubelet管理volume的方式基於兩個不一樣的狀態:
理解了這兩個狀態,就能大概知道vm.desiredStateOfWorldPopulator.Run這個方法是幹什麼的呢。很明顯,它就是根據從apiserver同步到的pod信息,來更新DesiredStateOfWorld。另一個方法vm.reconciler.Run,是預期狀態和實際狀態的協調者,它負責將實際狀態調整成與預期狀態。預期狀態的更新實現,以及協調者具體如何協調,須要繼續閱讀代碼才能理解
追蹤vm.desiredStateOfWorldPopulator.Run,咱們發現這段邏輯
func (dswp *desiredStateOfWorldPopulator) findAndAddNewPods() { for _, pod := range dswp.podManager.GetPods() { if dswp.isPodTerminated(pod) { continue } dswp.processPodVolumes(pod) } }
kubelet會同步新增的pod到desiredStateOfWorldPopulator的podManager中。這段代碼就是輪詢其中非結束狀態的pod,並交給desiredStateOfWorldPopulator處理
func (dswp *desiredStateOfWorldPopulator) processPodVolumes(pod *v1.Pod) { ... for _, podVolume := range pod.Spec.Volumes { volumeSpec, volumeGidValue, err := dswp.createVolumeSpec(podVolume, pod.Namespace) if err != nil { glog.Errorf( "Error processing volume %q for pod %q: %v", podVolume.Name, format.Pod(pod), err) continue } _, err = dswp.desiredStateOfWorld.AddPodToVolume( uniquePodName, pod, volumeSpec, podVolume.Name, volumeGidValue) if err != nil { glog.Errorf( "Failed to add volume %q (specName: %q) for pod %q to desiredStateOfWorld. err=%v", podVolume.Name, volumeSpec.Name(), uniquePodName, err) } glog.V(10).Infof( "Added volume %q (volSpec=%q) for pod %q to desired state.", podVolume.Name, volumeSpec.Name(), uniquePodName) } dswp.markPodProcessed(uniquePodName) }
desiredStateOfWorldPopulator並不處理很重的邏輯,只是做爲一個代理,將控制某個pod預期狀態的邏輯交付給desiredStateOfWorld,並標記爲已處理
func (dsw *desiredStateOfWorld) AddPodToVolume( podName types.UniquePodName, pod *v1.Pod, volumeSpec *volume.Spec, outerVolumeSpecName string, volumeGidValue string) (v1.UniqueVolumeName, error) { ... dsw.volumesToMount[volumeName].podsToMount[podName] = podToMount{ podName: podName, pod: pod, spec: volumeSpec, outerVolumeSpecName: outerVolumeSpecName, } return volumeName, nil }
這段邏輯中,咱們忽略了前面一系列預處理操做,直接關注最核心的地方:肯定預期狀態的方式就是,用一個映射表結構,綁定volume到pod之間的關係,這個關係表就是綁定關係的參考依據
看完了desiredStateOfWorldPopulator的處理邏輯,接着進入另外一個核心接口reconciler。它纔是volume manager中最重要的控制器
追蹤reconciler的Run方法,咱們定位到最核心的一段代碼
func (rc *reconciler) reconcile() { //umount for _, mountedVolume := range rc.actualStateOfWorld.GetMountedVolumes() { if !rc.desiredStateOfWorld.PodExistsInVolume(mountedVolume.PodName, mountedVolume.VolumeName) { ... err := rc.operationExecutor.UnmountVolume( mountedVolume.MountedVolume, rc.actualStateOfWorld) ... } } // attach/mount for _, volumeToMount := range rc.desiredStateOfWorld.GetVolumesToMount() { volMounted, devicePath, err := rc.actualStateOfWorld.PodExistsInVolume(volumeToMount.PodName, volumeToMount.VolumeName) volumeToMount.DevicePath = devicePath if cache.IsVolumeNotAttachedError(err) { ... err := rc.operationExecutor.AttachVolume(volumeToAttach, rc.actualStateOfWorld) ... } else if !volMounted || cache.IsRemountRequiredError(err) { ... err := rc.operationExecutor.MountVolume( rc.waitForAttachTimeout, volumeToMount.VolumeToMount, rc.actualStateOfWorld) ... } } //detach/unmount for _, attachedVolume := range rc.actualStateOfWorld.GetUnmountedVolumes() { if !rc.desiredStateOfWorld.VolumeExists(attachedVolume.VolumeName) && !rc.operationExecutor.IsOperationPending(attachedVolume.VolumeName, nestedpendingoperations.EmptyUniquePodName) { if attachedVolume.GloballyMounted { ... err := rc.operationExecutor.UnmountDevice( attachedVolume.AttachedVolume, rc.actualStateOfWorld, rc.mounter) ... } else { ... err := rc.operationExecutor.DetachVolume( attachedVolume.AttachedVolume, false,rc.actualStateOfWorld) ... } } } }
我略去了多餘的代碼,保留最核心的部分。這段控制邏輯就是一個協調器,具體要作的事情就是,根據實際狀態與預期狀態的差別,作協調操做
若是採用自定義的flexvolume插件,上述這些方法會對插件中實現的方法進行系統調用
flex volume提供的lvm插件。若是須要支持mount和unmount操做,能夠在這個腳本中補充
#!/bin/bash # Copyright 2015 The Kubernetes Authors. # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); # you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. # You may obtain a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, # WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. # See the License for the specific language governing permissions and # limitations under the License. # Notes: # - Please install "jq" package before using this driver. usage() { err "Invalid usage. Usage: " err "\t$0 init" err "\t$0 attach <json params> <nodename>" err "\t$0 detach <mount device> <nodename>" err "\t$0 waitforattach <mount device> <json params>" err "\t$0 mountdevice <mount dir> <mount device> <json params>" err "\t$0 unmountdevice <mount dir>" err "\t$0 isattached <json params> <nodename>" exit 1 } err() { echo -ne $* 1>&2 } log() { echo -ne $* >&1 } ismounted() { MOUNT=`findmnt -n ${MNTPATH} 2>/dev/null | cut -d' ' -f1` if [ "${MOUNT}" == "${MNTPATH}" ]; then echo "1" else echo "0" fi } getdevice() { VOLUMEID=$(echo ${JSON_PARAMS} | jq -r '.volumeID') VG=$(echo ${JSON_PARAMS}|jq -r '.volumegroup') # LVM substitutes - with -- VOLUMEID=`echo $VOLUMEID|sed s/-/--/g` VG=`echo $VG|sed s/-/--/g` DMDEV="/dev/mapper/${VG}-${VOLUMEID}" echo ${DMDEV} } attach() { JSON_PARAMS=$1 SIZE=$(echo $1 | jq -r '.size') DMDEV=$(getdevice) if [ ! -b "${DMDEV}" ]; then err "{\"status\": \"Failure\", \"message\": \"Volume ${VOLUMEID} does not exist\"}" exit 1 fi log "{\"status\": \"Success\", \"device\":\"${DMDEV}\"}" exit 0 } detach() { log "{\"status\": \"Success\"}" exit 0 } waitforattach() { shift attach $* } domountdevice() { MNTPATH=$1 DMDEV=$2 FSTYPE=$(echo $3|jq -r '.["kubernetes.io/fsType"]') if [ ! -b "${DMDEV}" ]; then err "{\"status\": \"Failure\", \"message\": \"${DMDEV} does not exist\"}" exit 1 fi if [ $(ismounted) -eq 1 ] ; then log "{\"status\": \"Success\"}" exit 0 fi VOLFSTYPE=`blkid -o udev ${DMDEV} 2>/dev/null|grep "ID_FS_TYPE"|cut -d"=" -f2` if [ "${VOLFSTYPE}" == "" ]; then mkfs -t ${FSTYPE} ${DMDEV} >/dev/null 2>&1 if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then err "{ \"status\": \"Failure\", \"message\": \"Failed to create fs ${FSTYPE} on device ${DMDEV}\"}" exit 1 fi fi mkdir -p ${MNTPATH} &> /dev/null mount ${DMDEV} ${MNTPATH} &> /dev/null if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then err "{ \"status\": \"Failure\", \"message\": \"Failed to mount device ${DMDEV} at ${MNTPATH}\"}" exit 1 fi log "{\"status\": \"Success\"}" exit 0 } unmountdevice() { MNTPATH=$1 if [ ! -d ${MNTPATH} ]; then log "{\"status\": \"Success\"}" exit 0 fi if [ $(ismounted) -eq 0 ] ; then log "{\"status\": \"Success\"}" exit 0 fi umount ${MNTPATH} &> /dev/null if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then err "{ \"status\": \"Failed\", \"message\": \"Failed to unmount volume at ${MNTPATH}\"}" exit 1 fi log "{\"status\": \"Success\"}" exit 0 } isattached() { log "{\"status\": \"Success\", \"attached\":true}" exit 0 } op=$1 if [ "$op" = "init" ]; then log "{\"status\": \"Success\"}" exit 0 fi if [ $# -lt 2 ]; then usage fi shift case "$op" in attach) attach $* ;; detach) detach $* ;; waitforattach) waitforattach $* ;; mountdevice) domountdevice $* ;; unmountdevice) unmountdevice $* ;; isattached) isattached $* ;; *) log "{ \"status\": \"Not supported\" }" exit 0 esac exit 1
值得注意的是,爲何會有兩次mount操做,一次mountdevice,一次mount。分別是作什麼的?
其實k8s提供的volume管理方式是,一個volume能夠被多個pod掛載,若是某個device須要做爲多個pod的volume,就須要屢次掛載。可是device只能被掛載一次。因此,k8s採用的方式是,先用mountdevice將device掛載到一個全局目錄,而後這個全局目錄就能夠被屢次掛載到pod的卷目錄。如此一來,就能完成多pod掛載同一個volume
只有理解了volume manager的代碼,在使用它提供的volume plugin或者實現自定義flex volume plugin時才能得心應手。以上代碼,都是基於k8s v1.6.6版本