7.6 yum更換國內源 7.7 yum下載rpm包 7.8/7.9 源碼包安裝

7.6.yum更換國內源linux

自定義yum源:apache

[root@bogon ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d
[root@bogon yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Base.repo  CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-Media.repo    CentOS-Vault.repo
CentOS-CR.repo    CentOS-fasttrack.repo  CentOS-Sources.repo
[root@bogon yum.repos.d]# rm -f CentOS-Base.repo
[root@bogon yum.repos.d]# wget http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
--2018-06-27 17:41:45--  http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
正在解析主機 mirrors.163.com (mirrors.163.com)... 59.111.0.251
正在鏈接 mirrors.163.com (mirrors.163.com)|59.111.0.251|:80... 已鏈接。
已發出 HTTP 請求,正在等待迴應... 200 OK
長度:1572 (1.5K) [application/octet-stream]
正在保存至: 「CentOS7-Base-163.repo」

100%[=============================================>] 1,572       --.-K/s 用時 0s      

2018-06-27 17:41:45 (46.7 MB/s) - 已保存 「CentOS7-Base-163.repo」 [1572/1572])

[root@bogon yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS7-Base-163.repo  CentOS-Debuginfo.repo  CentOS-Media.repo    CentOS-Vault.repo
CentOS-CR.repo         CentOS-fasttrack.repo  CentOS-Sources.repo
[root@bogon yum.repos.d]# vim CentOS7-Base-163.repo

# CentOS-Base.repo
#
# The mirror system uses the connecting IP address of the client and the
# update status of each mirror to pick mirrors that are updated to and
# geographically close to the client.  You should use this for CentOS updates
# unless you are manually picking other mirrors.
#
# If the mirrorlist= does not work for you, as a fall back you can try the 
# remarked out baseurl= line instead.
#
#
[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - 163.com
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#released updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates - 163.com
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras - 163.com
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7

"CentOS7-Base-163.repo" 41L, 1572C

其鏡像文件地址更換爲:「baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/」。vim

7.7 yum下載rpm包centos

先恢復以前的yum源。bash

[root@bogon ~]# rm -rf /etc/yum.repos.d
[root@bogon ~]# mv /etc/yum.repos.d_bak /etc/yum.repos.d
yum list

下載RPM包而不安裝的命令以下所示:架構

yum install 包名 -y --downloadonly

下載到指定目錄命令以下所示:app

[root@bogon ~]# yum install 包名 -y --downloadonly --downloaddir=/usr/local/src

下載RPM包到/usr/local/src/目錄下。less

[root@bogon ~]# yum install  -y ypbind --downloadonly --downloaddir=/usr/local/src
已加載插件:fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.163.com
 * extras: mirrors.njupt.edu.cn
 * updates: mirrors.163.com
base                                                                                                                                                                    | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
extras                                                                                                                                                                  | 3.4 kB  00:00:00     
updates                                                                                                                                                                 | 3.4 kB  00:00:00     
正在解決依賴關係
--> 正在檢查事務
---> 軟件包 ypbind.x86_64.3.1.37.1-9.el7 將被 安裝
--> 正在處理依賴關係 yp-tools,它被軟件包 3:ypbind-1.37.1-9.el7.x86_64 須要
--> 正在檢查事務
---> 軟件包 yp-tools.x86_64.0.2.14-5.el7 將被 安裝
--> 解決依賴關係完成

依賴關係解決

===============================================================================================================================================================================================
 Package                                       架構                                        版本                                                源                                         大小
===============================================================================================================================================================================================
正在安裝:
 ypbind                                        x86_64                                      3:1.37.1-9.el7                                      base                                       62 k
爲依賴而安裝:
 yp-tools                                      x86_64                                      2.14-5.el7                                          base                                       79 k

事務概要
===============================================================================================================================================================================================
安裝  1 軟件包 (+1 依賴軟件包)

總下載量:142 k
安裝大小:299 k
Background downloading packages, then exiting:
(1/2): yp-tools-2.14-5.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                   |  79 kB  00:00:00     
(2/2): ypbind-1.37.1-9.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                   |  62 kB  00:00:01     
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
總計                                                                                                                                                            83 kB/s | 142 kB  00:00:01     
exiting because "Download Only" specified

若是包已經安裝了,使用如下命令:ui

[root@bogon ~]# yum reinstall -y bash --downloadonly
已加載插件:fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.163.com
 * extras: mirrors.njupt.edu.cn
 * updates: mirrors.163.com
正在解決依賴關係
--> 正在檢查事務
---> 軟件包 bash.x86_64.0.4.2.46-30.el7 將被 已從新安裝
--> 解決依賴關係完成

依賴關係解決

===============================================================================================================================================================================================
 Package                                    架構                                         版本                                                 源                                          大小
===============================================================================================================================================================================================
從新安裝:
 bash                                       x86_64                                       4.2.46-30.el7                                        base                                       1.0 M

事務概要
===============================================================================================================================================================================================
從新安裝  1 軟件包

總下載量:1.0 M
安裝大小:3.5 M
Background downloading packages, then exiting:
bash-4.2.46-30.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                           | 1.0 MB  00:00:02     
exiting because "Download Only" specified

7.8/7.9 安裝源碼包this

安裝gcc編譯器

[root@bogon ~]# yum install -y gcc
已加載插件:fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.163.com
 * extras: mirrors.njupt.edu.cn
 * updates: mirrors.163.com
正在解決依賴關係
--> 正在檢查事務
---> 軟件包 gcc.x86_64.0.4.8.5-28.el7_5.1 將被 安裝
--> 正在處理依賴關係 libgomp = 4.8.5-28.el7_5.1,它被軟件包 gcc-4.8.5-28.el7_5.1.x86_64 須要
--> 正在處理依賴關係 cpp = 4.8.5-28.el7_5.1,它被軟件包 gcc-4.8.5-28.el7_5.1.x86_64 須要
--> 正在處理依賴關係 libgcc >= 4.8.5-28.el7_5.1,它被軟件包 gcc-4.8.5-28.el7_5.1.x86_64 須要
--> 正在處理依賴關係 glibc-devel >= 2.2.90-12,它被軟件包 gcc-4.8.5-28.el7_5.1.x86_64 須要
--> 正在處理依賴關係 libmpc.so.3()(64bit),它被軟件包 gcc-4.8.5-28.el7_5.1.x86_64 須要
--> 正在檢查事務
---> 軟件包 cpp.x86_64.0.4.8.5-28.el7_5.1 將被 安裝
---> 軟件包 glibc-devel.x86_64.0.2.17-222.el7 將被 安裝
--> 正在處理依賴關係 glibc-headers = 2.17-222.el7,它被軟件包 glibc-devel-2.17-222.el7.x86_64 須要
--> 正在處理依賴關係 glibc-headers,它被軟件包 glibc-devel-2.17-222.el7.x86_64 須要
---> 軟件包 libgcc.x86_64.0.4.8.5-28.el7 將被 升級
---> 軟件包 libgcc.x86_64.0.4.8.5-28.el7_5.1 將被 更新
---> 軟件包 libgomp.x86_64.0.4.8.5-28.el7 將被 升級
---> 軟件包 libgomp.x86_64.0.4.8.5-28.el7_5.1 將被 更新
---> 軟件包 libmpc.x86_64.0.1.0.1-3.el7 將被 安裝
--> 正在檢查事務
---> 軟件包 glibc-headers.x86_64.0.2.17-222.el7 將被 安裝
--> 正在處理依賴關係 kernel-headers >= 2.2.1,它被軟件包 glibc-headers-2.17-222.el7.x86_64 須要
--> 正在處理依賴關係 kernel-headers,它被軟件包 glibc-headers-2.17-222.el7.x86_64 須要
--> 正在檢查事務
---> 軟件包 kernel-headers.x86_64.0.3.10.0-862.3.3.el7 將被 安裝
--> 解決依賴關係完成

依賴關係解決

===============================================================================================================================================================================================
 Package                                         架構                                    版本                                                   源                                        大小
===============================================================================================================================================================================================
正在安裝:
 gcc                                             x86_64                                  4.8.5-28.el7_5.1                                       updates                                   16 M
爲依賴而安裝:
 cpp                                             x86_64                                  4.8.5-28.el7_5.1                                       updates                                  5.9 M
 glibc-devel                                     x86_64                                  2.17-222.el7                                           base                                     1.1 M
 glibc-headers                                   x86_64                                  2.17-222.el7                                           base                                     678 k
 kernel-headers                                  x86_64                                  3.10.0-862.3.3.el7                                     updates                                  7.1 M
 libmpc                                          x86_64                                  1.0.1-3.el7                                            base                                      51 k
爲依賴而更新:
 libgcc                                          x86_64                                  4.8.5-28.el7_5.1                                       updates                                  101 k
 libgomp                                         x86_64                                  4.8.5-28.el7_5.1                                       updates                                  156 k

事務概要
===============================================================================================================================================================================================
安裝  1 軟件包 (+5 依賴軟件包)
升級           ( 2 依賴軟件包)

總下載量:31 M
Downloading packages:
Not downloading deltainfo for updates, MD is 259 k and rpms are 257 k
(1/8): glibc-headers-2.17-222.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                            | 678 kB  00:00:11     
(2/8): libgcc-4.8.5-28.el7_5.1.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                               | 101 kB  00:00:00     
(3/8): libgomp-4.8.5-28.el7_5.1.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                              | 156 kB  00:00:05     
(4/8): libmpc-1.0.1-3.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                    |  51 kB  00:00:00     
(5/8): kernel-headers-3.10.0-862.3.3.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                     | 7.1 MB  00:00:26     
(6/8): glibc-devel-2.17-222.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                              | 1.1 MB  00:00:39     
(7/8): cpp-4.8.5-28.el7_5.1.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                  | 5.9 MB  00:00:45     
(8/8): gcc-4.8.5-28.el7_5.1.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                                                  |  16 MB  00:01:29     
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
總計                                                                                                                                                           357 kB/s |  31 MB  00:01:29     
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
  正在安裝    : libmpc-1.0.1-3.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                 1/10 
  正在安裝    : cpp-4.8.5-28.el7_5.1.x86_64                                                                                                                                               2/10 
  正在更新    : libgcc-4.8.5-28.el7_5.1.x86_64                                                                                                                                            3/10 
  正在安裝    : kernel-headers-3.10.0-862.3.3.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                  4/10 
  正在安裝    : glibc-headers-2.17-222.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                         5/10 
  正在安裝    : glibc-devel-2.17-222.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                           6/10 
  正在更新    : libgomp-4.8.5-28.el7_5.1.x86_64                                                                                                                                           7/10 
  正在安裝    : gcc-4.8.5-28.el7_5.1.x86_64                                                                                                                                               8/10 
  清理        : libgcc-4.8.5-28.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                9/10 
  清理        : libgomp-4.8.5-28.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                              10/10 
  驗證中      : libgomp-4.8.5-28.el7_5.1.x86_64                                                                                                                                           1/10 
  驗證中      : kernel-headers-3.10.0-862.3.3.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                  2/10 
  驗證中      : libgcc-4.8.5-28.el7_5.1.x86_64                                                                                                                                            3/10 
  驗證中      : gcc-4.8.5-28.el7_5.1.x86_64                                                                                                                                               4/10 
  驗證中      : glibc-devel-2.17-222.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                           5/10 
  驗證中      : cpp-4.8.5-28.el7_5.1.x86_64                                                                                                                                               6/10 
  驗證中      : glibc-headers-2.17-222.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                         7/10 
  驗證中      : libmpc-1.0.1-3.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                                 8/10 
  驗證中      : libgomp-4.8.5-28.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                               9/10 
  驗證中      : libgcc-4.8.5-28.el7.x86_64                                                                                                                                               10/10 

已安裝:
  gcc.x86_64 0:4.8.5-28.el7_5.1                                                                                                                                                                

做爲依賴被安裝:
  cpp.x86_64 0:4.8.5-28.el7_5.1    glibc-devel.x86_64 0:2.17-222.el7    glibc-headers.x86_64 0:2.17-222.el7    kernel-headers.x86_64 0:3.10.0-862.3.3.el7    libmpc.x86_64 0:1.0.1-3.el7   

做爲依賴被升級:
  libgcc.x86_64 0:4.8.5-28.el7_5.1                                                              libgomp.x86_64 0:4.8.5-28.el7_5.1                                                             

完畢!

安裝源碼包一般須要如下3個步驟。

  • .configure。這一步能夠定製功能,加上相應的選項便可。能夠經過./configure --help來查看。這一步會自動檢測你的linux系統與相關的套件是否有編譯改源碼包時所須要的庫,由於一旦缺乏某個庫,就不能完成編譯了。只有經過檢測後,纔會生成Makefile文件。
  • make。會根據Makefile文件中預設的參數進行編譯,這一步就是gcc在工做了。
  • make install。這一步是安裝步驟,用於建立相關軟件的存放目錄和配置文件。

下載源碼包

先切換到 cd /usr/local/src/目錄

[root@bogon src]# wget https://cfhcable.dl.sourceforge.net/project/apachehttpserver/httpd-2.2.27.tar.gz
--2018-06-27 13:24:06--  https://cfhcable.dl.sourceforge.net/project/apachehttpserver/httpd-2.2.27.tar.gz
正在解析主機 cfhcable.dl.sourceforge.net (cfhcable.dl.sourceforge.net)... 146.71.73.6
正在鏈接 cfhcable.dl.sourceforge.net (cfhcable.dl.sourceforge.net)|146.71.73.6|:443... 已鏈接。
已發出 HTTP 請求,正在等待迴應... 200 OK
長度:8350426 (8.0M) [application/x-gzip]
正在保存至: 「httpd-2.2.27.tar.gz」

100%[=====================================================================================================================================================>] 8,350,426   56.1KB/s 用時 3m 34s 

2018-06-27 13:27:42 (38.1 KB/s) - 已保存 「httpd-2.2.27.tar.gz」 [8350426/8350426])

解壓源碼包

tar -zxvf httpd-2.4.33.tar.gz

配置相關的選項並生成

進入解壓後的源碼目錄,查看可用的配置參數。

cd httpd-2.4.33

./configure --help |less

`configure' configures this package to adapt to many kinds of systems.

Usage: ./configure [OPTION]... [VAR=VALUE]...

To assign environment variables (e.g., CC, CFLAGS...), specify them as
VAR=VALUE.  See below for descriptions of some of the useful variables.

Defaults for the options are specified in brackets.

Configuration:
  -h, --help              display this help and exit
      --help=short        display options specific to this package
      --help=recursive    display the short help of all the included packages
  -V, --version           display version information and exit
  -q, --quiet, --silent   do not print `checking ...' messages
      --cache-file=FILE   cache test results in FILE [disabled]
  -C, --config-cache      alias for `--cache-file=config.cache'
  -n, --no-create         do not create output files
      --srcdir=DIR        find the sources in DIR [configure dir or `..']

Installation directories:
  --prefix=PREFIX         install architecture-independent files in PREFIX
                          [/usr/local/apache2]
  --exec-prefix=EPREFIX   install architecture-dependent files in EPREFIX
                          [PREFIX]

By default, `make install' will install all the files in
`/usr/local/apache2/bin', `/usr/local/apache2/lib' etc.  You can specify
an installation prefix other than `/usr/local/apache2' using `--prefix',
for instance `--prefix=$HOME'.

For better control, use the options below.

Fine tuning of the installation directories:
  --bindir=DIR            user executables [EPREFIX/bin]
  --sbindir=DIR           system admin executables [EPREFIX/sbin]
  --libexecdir=DIR        program executables [EPREFIX/libexec]
  --sysconfdir=DIR        read-only single-machine data [PREFIX/etc]
:

--prefix=PREFIX,定義軟件包的安裝路徑

--prefix=/usr/local/ apache2    把Apache安裝在/usr/local/apache2目錄下。

返回值是0,說明成功。成功生成Makefile。

[root@bogon httpd-2.4.33]# echo $?
0
[root@bogon httpd-2.4.33]# ls -l Makefile
-rw-r--r-- 1 root dip 11110 6月  27 16:39 Makefile

生成Makefile後,須要進行編譯。

make

輸入echo $? 查看結果爲0,進行下一步。

安裝

make install

ls命令查看該目錄。

[root@bogon ~]# ls /usr/local/apache2
bin  build-1  include  lib
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